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TSE Entre, TSE exe, CCR Centre for Collaborative Research

CRE Centre for Research and Education

Annual Report 2012

TSE Entre, TSE exe, CCR Centre for Collaborative Research

CRE Centre for Research and Education

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CONTENTS

REVIEW OF THE YEAR

...3

PROFILE

...4

Highlights of the year in TSE Entre ...4

Highlights of the year in TSE exe ...6

Highlights of the year in CCR ...8

RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

...12

Our most important ongoing research programmes or projects ...12

Dissertations in progress ... 14

Conferences, seminars and workshops attended ...15

Review activities ...15

International researcher and teacher visits ... 18

TEACHING AND EDUCATION

...20

Programmes and courses provided ...20

Visiting guest lecturers ...22

OTHER ACTIVITIES

...24

University administration ...24

Professional and community relations ...25

PUBLICATIONS

...27

Articles in refereed journals or publications ...27

Conference papers ... 28

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REVIEW OF THE YEAR

When looking back to the year 2012, the main conclusion is that the three units of CRE, TSE Entre, TSE exe and CCR are in the very core of the university activities; TSE Entre focuses on international level academic research and teaching in bachelor and master level. TSE exe’s expertise is executive education and development and that represents the third mission of the university; cooperation with companies and stakeholders as well as the CCR, Center for Collaborative Research on the research side. All the three key areas of modern universities in Finland are well covered in CRE units.

During the year 2012 the challenges for each unit were different but in the end they were related, as the key areas of the university are linked together. TSE Entre’s big challenge was to take responsibility and develop the studies in entrepreneurship. The basis to take that challenge was excellent, while TSE Entre has done research in the field of entrepreneurship for years. Starting from the autumn 2012 Turku School of Economics have and will offer renewed studies in Entrepreneurship. TSE exe’s challenge was to renew the eMBA programme and consequently to renew EFMD’s EPAS accreditation for the eMBA programme. The renewal of the programme was truly a joint effort, not only for the executive education team, but for the Faculty and administration of the Turku School of Economics. And the result was positive and motivating; the accreditation was renewed in May 2012 and the feedback from the peer review team was encouraging.

CCR as the youngest unit of CRE has faced the challenges of a start-up organization; how to promote the expertise and existence of the unit and at the same time find the niche in the field of applied research. The success of the second year of operation was evident; new openings in the selected focus areas started and cooperation with the researchers in TSE and in University of Turku has progressed well.

I would like to thank the personnel of each unit. The challenges were tackled successfully and we are heading towards new challenges of the year 2013. Although some days are cloudy and some are bright sunshine, the motivation to grow the collective expertise has guided our work. I would also like to thank our stakeholders for cooperation, networking makes things happen!

Kirsi Kostia

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PROFILE

CRE (Centre for Research and Education) serves as a link between the scientific know-how of the Turku School of Economics and daily activities of companies and decision-makers. Basically CRE is an administrative unit integrating the forces of three units – TSE Entre, TSE exe and the Centre for Collaborative Research (CCR) – which together employ about 35 experts providing research, training and development services to companies, public sector, European Union and various international organisations. Our co-operation network involves hundreds of partners worldwide. We employ an innovative approach to working with our clients and interest groups. We work in the units and teams based on following competence areas:

• entrepreneurship and innovations TSE Entre

• executive education and development TSE exe

• Centre for Collaborative Research CCR

Entrepreneurship is one of the strength areas of the Turku School of Economics. Research on entrepreneurship is conducted in close collaboration with various departments and in international networks. TSE Entre within CRE is a dedicated research group in the field of entrepreneurship. Its research focuses on the processes of entrepreneurship and innovation as well as on entrepreneurial behaviour from the point of view of business creation, growth, internationalisation and renewal in different contexts both in private and public sector organisations. The role and dynamics of entrepreneurship in changing societies is studied in different social, economic and cultural contexts. Our scholarly excellence and scientific rigour provide a solid foundation for pursuing applied research projects with practical and policy relevance.

Co-operation with national and international research partners is a key element in continuing our development. We belong to several key networks in the field of entrepreneurship, such as the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, GEM and The European Council for Small Business, ECSB. Our financiers include e.g. the Academy of Finland, various ministries, other governmental bodies such as Tekes and Finnvera Plc, federations, municipalities and EU institutions.

Highlights of the year in TSE Entre

In 2012 TSE Entre continued to systematically invest on international entrepreneurship research. A number of researchers from other universities visited the TSE Entre in 2012, and our research staff participated actively to international conferences and workshops. We organised some seminars and workshops with international flavour, such as internationalising seminar for SMEs as well as an international seminar on health care innovations with Dr Bjørn Willy Åmo from the University of Nordland, Norway as a keynote speaker.

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the understanding of entrepreneurship and to improve the competitiveness of SMEs in Europe. The ECSB is an affiliation to the ICSB (International Council for Small Business). ECSB members are academics from all over the world, most of them however from different parts of Europe. Managing the daily activities of the Secretariat TSE Entre has a great opportunity to follow the field of European entrepreneurship research. The ECSB organizes alone and with partners conferences and other events and advertises trainings, conferences and other events.

Project researcher Ewald Kibler from Austria defended his doctoral dissertation in Economic Geography titled “New venture creation in different environments: Towards a multi-layered institutional approach to entrepreneurship”. Professor Erik Stam from the Utrecht University served as an official opponent and pre-examiner of the thesis.

Professor Jarna Heinonen started as a responsible teacher for entrepreneurship studies in the Turku School of Economics in 1.1.2012. Accordingly, the responsibilities of the TSE Entre staff in developing entrepreneurship studies increased during the year (see further Teaching and Education). She was also appointed the Chair of the eMBA Programme Committee which is responsible for developing the flagship executive programme of the School.

TSE Entre´s Research Director Ulla Hytti was appointed as a Professor in business competence and entrepreneurship for the period of 2012–2016 at the Pori Unit of the Turku School of Economics.

In addition, Dr. Academy Research Fellow Teemu Kautonen was appointed as a part-time professor in entrepreneurship and innovation at the Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, UK.

Moreover, Dr. Pekka Stenholm was selected as a collegium researcher at the Turku Institute for Advanced Studies.

TSE Entre staff was recognized of their academic achievements

• The research paper ”The role of creativity in opportunity search and business idea creation” by Jarna Heinonen, Ulla Hytti and Pekka Stenholm published in Education + Training Vol. 53, No. 8/9 was chosen as a Highly Commended Award Winner at the Emeraldi Literati Network Awards for Excellence.

• Project researcher Ewald Kibler was awarded a Best Student Paper Prize at the 2012 Academy of Management (AoM) Conference in Boston, Massachusetts, USA (Division: Entrepreneurship). His paper entitled “Moral Legitimacy of Entrepreneurship and Its Impact on the Firm Formation Process” was also selected for publication in the Best Paper Proceedings of the 2012 AoM Conference.

• Project researcher Elisa Akola was recognized of her outstanding review activities for the 2012 Academy of Management (AoM) Conference in Boston, Massachusetts, USA (Division: Careers Division)

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TSE Entre did not only focus on research and teaching activities, but according to university strategy also on societal impact, namely on entrepreneurship and innovation policies. A number of policy-oriented studies within the TSE Entre were commissioned by the ministry. More importantly, Dr. Kautonen and Professor Heinonen both provided expert input to OECD, Kautonen on policies for senior entrepreneurship and Heinonen on policies for social inclusion. The work was conducted by the LEED (Local Economic and Employment Development) Division of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) with the financial support of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion.

TSE exe within CRE is responsible for the management, design and delivery of the Turku School of Economics’ executive MBA programme and other executive education (open and tailored programmes). TSE exe aims to refine the latest research knowledge to practical and useful form (e.g. tools and concepts, information) that companies can efficiently use to create new business competence and growth. Following the leading theme, “A journey far begins from near”, TSE exe generates a strong utility for businesses and their management to face the continuous changes in the business environment. Our programmes have a strong future orientation, with the aim of learning to look far. At the same time, it is also necessary to know yourself and your own leadership qualities. Thus, we strongly believe in development which begins from within oneself.

Highlights of the year in TSE exe

The year 2012 was historical in executive education; In 1982, the first executive education programme started in Turku School of Economics and last year the 30th anniversary was reached. This turning point was celebrated during the year 2012 with several occasions, e.g. Top Management Forum.

The year 2012 was remarkable too in our journey towards a truly international and high-quality eMBA programme. eMBA Turku got the EPAS re-accreditation in May 2012 and that is continuation to the first EPAS accreditation in 2009.

During the year 2012, the intended learning outcome system was finalized in the eMBA programme. At the same time the whole programme was renewed and redesigned according to the ILO system. The outcome is 2,5 year global programme with strong emphasis on global business excellence; visionary leadership; entrepreneurship, innovation and creativity; and personal growth.

The process and the administration of the eMBA programme changed too. The Programme Committee was established in the beginning of the 2012 to lead the academic development and content design of the programme. The chair of the Committee is Professor Jarna Heinonen (TSE Entre) and other members are Vice-dean Hannu Salmela, Professor of Accounting Kari Lukka, Emeritus Professor of Economics Paavo Okko, Professor of Marketing Leila Hurmerinta, Assistant Professor of International Business Peter Zettinig, Training Managers Riitta Birkstedt and Tiina Ruohisto as well as Director Kirsi Kostia (TSE exe). Planning Officer Leena Henderson performs as a secretary. The Committee started with the academic members but in the end of the 2012 it was decided to invite also corporate members to add in the student, customer and company perspectives. The corporate members are Vice President, Human Resources, eMBA Merja Lumme (Raisio Plc), executive director Olli-Pekka Lumijärvi (Accenture), Director Hanna Mäkäräinen (South-West Finland Hospital District) and Project Manager Xavier de Meulder (Meriaura Ltd). The Programme Committee gives their expertise and back-up support in developing the eMBA Turku further. The renewed eMBA is to start in February 2013.

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Besides the flagship eMBA programme, TSE exe delivers tailored training programmes. In 2012 the total number of all delivered programmes was 20. Totally 373 participants attended the programmes. In training days the total sums up to 301 days.

The tailored programmes vary in content and length. TSE exe is specialized in long programmes and their length varies from 10 to 20 days in average. The content of the programmes is built based on customer needs and strategy, but there are common topics such as strategy, accounting and leadership skills among others. Operationally, the year 2012 was again very successful for TSE exe. We got several new customers and the feedback received from our customers and programme participants was again excellent. The turnover dropped to some extent, due to strong investment in eMBA development work. Also the economic downturn started to show signs and some companies postponed their education plans.

From the resource perspective, TSE exe employed development director Hannele Järvenpää from Aalto Executive Education and long-time training and marketing manager Eeva-Liisa Grönroos retired during autumn. Training manager Riitta Birkstedt defended successfully her dissertation in December in area of International Business titled “Between the deliberate and the emergent – Constructing corporate brand meaning in MNCs”.

Centre for Collaborative Research (CCR) was founded in the spring 2011 to respond to the challenges of the modern research world. The mission of the unit is to facilitate TSE’s collaboration with enterprises and public sector organizations, and to generate utilizable research for their needs. Especially the unit aims to increase the number of TSE’s externally funded research projects in its key focus areas:

• Business competence – Research addressing issues related to corporate and organizational decision-making and enterprise resource planning. • Innovation research – Research addressing issues related to new products, production methods, and marketing and organisational innovation. In these areas CCR stimulates collaborative, multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed and international research which has both academic and practical value.

Besides the School level service activity the staff of CCR conducts research of its own. The areas of expertise are growth and internationalization of the companies, innovation activities, business models and economics of competition.

The main fields of activity in research collaboration include active participation in various academia-industry research forums such as SHOKs (the Finnish Strategic Centres for Science, Technology and Innovation), coordination of University level research networks such as marine industry research platform and setting up project-based research teams for growing research needs of the companies.

CCR has also taken an active role in communications and public relations with the Turku School of Economics. The means of popularization the scientific research results includes presence in traditional media, social media as well as own television productions.

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Highlights of the year in CCR

The year 2011 was characterized by new initiatives related to research infrastructure, research projects, and communications and public relations. During 2012 these initiatives were taken into action.

CCR got the coordinating task of marine research within the University of Turku (Integrated Research Platform for Marine Studies). Coordination is partly funded by City of Turku and the University of Turku. The current task is assigned to last until 2015. Currently the network activities have expanded to cover some 10 research units within the University umbrella.

The national Centre of Expertise Programme (OSKE) is heading towards new type of innovation programme period for 2014-2020 and CCR actively participated in the preparation process of Southwest Finland programme proposal. CCR lead the expertise working group of Blue Ocean (marine industries) and participated in other expertise working groups as well as contributed actively in drafting region’s future innovation objectives for the coming period.

CCR actively participated in both research work and planning of future research programmes within the Finnish Strategic Centres for Science, Technology and Innovation (SHOK). In Finnish Metals and Engineering Competence Cluster (Fimecc) SHOK CCR coordinated two research projects focusing on internationalisation of SMEs and industry foresight of marine industries. Projects include departments from the School and other University units as well as VTT. Together with other research institutions and major companies in the field CCR also kicked-off the process to launch new Fimecc research programme preparation that will focus on networks research. In addition CCR guided the way for the University as a shareholder of the Fimecc Ltd that will materialise during 2013.

Within TIVIT-SHOK CCR (Marikka Heikkilä and Aki Koponen) participated in research work in D2I-programme in collaboration with department of Management (Jukka T. Heikkilä, Timo Kestilä and Tomi Dahlberg, Information Systems Science)

During 2012 CCR completed three research projects, which gained wide national level media attention. CCR also provided a strong analytical perspective both to media and to public stakeholders related to actual discussion on shipyards and marine industry development induced by difficulties in cruise ship order intakes in Finland. CCR possesses the most comprehensive analytics tools and industry database on marine industry development indicators in Finland. These projects and activities have increased experience for CCR’s researchers to participate in the dissemination and public discussion in the research projects of special social interest. Besides communication of research results CCR’s main activity in the field of dissemination was it’s TV-show produced together with TS-Group. Show brought to studio scholars of the TSE, and collaborators of the school.

In 2012, CCR organized two innovation studies seminars. The aim of these seminars is to introduce and bring together researcher from different departments of Turku School of Economics and other institutions working from different perspectives within the broad field of innovation studies. In practice, the aim is that each seminar has at least one international presenter. Seminars were again successful.

CCR also organized its’ first round table event on August. The main idea behind the round table events is to gather together researchers with an interest to a specific, although broad, topic and let them share ideas and exchange thoughts. Underlying motivation is to enable researchers to find potential collaboration partners over

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Aki Koponen, Juha Valtanen and Antti Saurama in TSTV

department boarders as well as across and beyond the university. The topics of these round table events aim to raise interest in a broad audience and be in line with research strategy of the TSE in general. Feedback from the presenters and audience was very encouraging.

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CRE IN FIGURES

CRE is a special unit of the Turku School of Economics at the University of Turku. In addition to one professor, one Academy Researcher and eight doctors, CRE employs about 25 experts working as a bridge between the academia and business. We are almost fully dependent on revenues coming from outside financiers and customers, i.e. revenues gained through competitive tendering and submitted research proposals.

Number of staff 35 (31.12.2012) Project Income (€)

TSE Entre 770,000 TSE exe 2,040,000 CCR Centre for Collaborative Research 405,000

About two thirds of the revenues come from enterprises and municipalities. Ministry of Education and Culture, Tekes and the Academy of Finland are the most important single financiers. In addition, other ministries, EU and different foundations play a central role in our revenue base. 87 % of the financing is project income and 13 % is budget money.

Figure 1 Main sources of finance

Enterprises and Municipals 61 % Ministry of Education and Culture 13 % Other Ministries 5 % TEKES 11 % Academy of Finland 7 % EU financing2 % Foundations 1 %

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CRE has always been slightly profitable. This has given us a possibility to invest on our competence building and to secure solid ground for the staff working project-based. This is important as more than half of our costs are staff related.

Figure 2 Cost structure

Staff Costs 53 % Purchases of services 23 % Internal costs 6 % Rents 5 % Travel Costs 5 %

Device, material and other office costs

5 %

Marketing and commucations

3 % Other costs (incl. Income taxes) 0 %

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RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

Our most important ongoing research programmes or projects

• Gender and growth in family firms: from 1750 until present (2011–2014) is an international research project which takes a multidisciplinary approach on analysing gender and growth in a family business context. The uniqueness of the project lies on its attempt to focus on the element of time and place in understanding gender and growth. (funded by the Academy of Finland)

• Entrepreneurship, work and well-being from the life-course perspective (2008–2012). This project explores the individual well-being against the conditions of diversifying life courses, new models for organising work and other spheres of life, and career transitions between paid employment and entrepreneurship. (funded by the Academy of Finland)

• Entrepreneurship in sunset careers (2009–2014) research project investigates the characteristics, scope and potential contributions of entrepreneurship at the age of 50+ in different socio-cultural environments. (funded by the Academy of Finland)

• Innovation management in health care service –practices and development (2010–2012) aims at producing new information on management practices and intrapreneurship in health care services. The goal is to develop organisational management practices and assist creativity, innovation and change. (funded by Tekes and Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö)

• Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) (2005–) is a global research project aimed at describing and analysing entrepreneurial processes within a wide range of countries. Started in 1999 with 10 participating countries, including Finland, the project has expanded to include over 50 countries annually. (funded by the Ministry of Employment and the Economy and Turku School of Economics)

• Secure Ageing (2010–2014) project focuses on secure ageing and technological and service innovations based on that, as well as on how these innovations can be exploited as business opportunities in a way which is beneficial for the aged and their relatives as well as for businesses. The research project integrates the concepts of business studies (particularly entrepreneurship) and medicine in its attempts to identify new business opportunities based on innovations (technological and service innovations) to promote well-being and quality of life among the aged. (funded by Tekes and TYKS)

• Design Thinking and Effectuation in health care innovations (DESI) (2012–2014) project integrates entrepreneurial innovative behavior and design thinking in creating a novel, flexible and rapid approach for innovative service development. Professionals and students working in the social and health care sector are mentored in development of oragnisations and new services. The project applies action research approach in its attempts to follow-up real-life innovations and analyse them by exploiting a theoretical framework of effectuation and design thinking. The project is conducted in collaboration with University of Jyväskylä, Viveca-Unit. (funded by Tekes)

An International Seminar on

Health Care Innovations

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• Evaluation of Finnvera Plc (2011–2012) -project is to review Finnvera as a state-owned public risk-financier. The evaluation is conducted as an international joint venture with International Financial Consulting Ltd from Canada. The aims to consider not only the performance of Finnvera, but also the role of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy in its steering and oversight of Finnvera. (commissioned by the Ministry of Employment and the Economy)

• Evaluation of impacts and feasibility of business development support (2012–2013) project creates a holistic understanding on the role of business development support in SME development and on measures to be taken to enhance the feasibility and impact of the studied subsidies. The project continues the previous evaluation of the grants for self-employment. The project is commissioned by the Ministry of Employment and the Economy.

• Fostering entrepreneurial behavior through institutions –research project investigates the role of institutions in entrepreneurial behavior across nations. The project is funded by the Turku Institute for Advanced Studies (TIAS) at the University of Turku (2012–2014). More specifically the project examines to what extent institutions influence a) untapped entrepreneurial potential, b) entrepreneurial intentions, c) nascent entrepreneurship, and d) engagement in high-impact entrepreneurial behavior. The research is conducted by using a rich, cross-sectional panel data from 2002–2010 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data comprising over 50 countries, and in a close co-operation with the George Mason University (USA), University of Utah (USA) and Universidad del Desarrollo (Chile).

• INWORK – Managing and Measuring Innovation at Work (2012–2013) is a research initiative lead by the University of Eastern Finland, which studies the innovation related work practices in the Finnish companies. The sub-project conducted by TSE Entre focuses particularly on the innovation work in small and medium sized companies. In this project innovation is understood more broadly than usually. In addition to business model, service, marketing and design innovations, also innovations on management and organizational practices are studied. (funded by Tekes)

• Passport to Trade 2.0 (2011–2013) is a follow up project to Passport to Trade project was carried out during 2005–2007. Passport to Trade project created a web site introducing business culture and etiquette in 25 European countries. Now this new project will expand the scope of the website to 31 countries. In addition, a multimedia on-line training material that helps in increasing European SME and student mobility will be produced. The project has partners from eight European countries and it is coordinated by the University of Salford (UK). (funded by the Lifelong Learning program of the EC)

• VIPSE – Valuable, Intangible and Prestigious Service Experiences (2012–2014) is a highly ambitious international research project focusing on the role of social prestige experiences in the value-creation process. The project is a joint effort with the University of Vaasa and Victoria University (Australia). (funded by Tekes) • Performance Monitoring of and Industry Foresight for the Finnish Maritime Industry (PROBE) focuses on monitoring the financial performance and industrial dynamics of Finnish marine industries. In addition to summary of development of performance of different actor groups, also the effects of innovation activities of firm growth are analyzed. Project is a part of Fimecc-SHOK Innovations and Network -programme financed by Tekes, Association of the Finnish Marine Industries and Finnish Transport Safety Agency.

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• InnoBusiness/ArvoBusiness (2010-2012) aims to provide the tools for identifying new business opportunities and new business models. New products will be developed based on these opportunities and business models. ArvoBusiness is a firm group project where these tools are applied in the business development of the participating companies. Project is a joint effort of seven research units and seven companies. (funded by Tekes and participating companies)

• Competition in car inspection markets (2011-2012) evaluates the state and development in Finnish car inspection market. The project aims to provide a comprehensive picture about the market development. (funded by car inspection companies)

• The Gaming market in Finland (2011-2012) is a research project funded by private gaming companies. The purpose of the study is to examine Finland’s current gaming system from different points of view. The gaming system is seen in a broad context comprising issues such as problem gambling, the connections between the current gaming system and the funding of Finnish team sports, the links between integrity in sports and gaming, and the economic perspective on all of these areas. The study also considers alternative models for the arrangement of gaming in Finland.

• Direct international marine business networks and models (NET) is a research project focusing on business models, networks, capabilities and management of internationalization processes of the Finnish marine industry SMEs. The project also has additional focus on internationalization process to Brazilian markets jointly with partner university form Brazil (UFPE). NET (2012-2013) is funded by the Fimecc-SHOK Innovations and Network programme/Tekes and the Association of the Finnish Marine Industries.

Dissertations in progress

Katri Luomala Mumpreneurs? Being a self-employed mother in Finland

Thomas Lemström Entrepreneurship and Institutions in Health Care

Mikko Pohjola Innovation behavior and strategies in varying competitive environments

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Conferences, seminars and workshops attended

• Joint ACERE-DIANA International Conference, Fremantle, Australia, 31 January–4 February 2012 • EFMD General Meeting 2013, Sophia Antipolis, France, 13–15th May 2012

• 17th Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, Helsinki, Finland, 23–25th May 2012 • 7th Interim Meeting ESA RN19 Sociology of Professions, Helsinki, Finland, 24–26 May 2012 • Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Fort Worth, USA, 6–9 June 2012

• International Council for Small Business (ICSB) World Conference 2012, Wellington, NZ, 10-13 June 2012

• 7th Biennial International Interdisciplinary Conference Gender, Work and Organization (GWO), Keele University, GB, 27–29th June 2012 • Academy of Management, Boston, USA, 3–6 August 2012

• An International Seminar on Health Care Innovations, Turku, Finland, 21 August 2012 • 1st Annual World Congress of Ocean-2012, Dalian, China, 20–22 September2012 • 2012 EFMD Executive Education Conference, Sevilla, Spain, 3–5 Oct 2012 • VI Yrittäjyyskasvatuspäivät, Tampere, Finland, 4–5 October 2012

• 2nd International Conference in Socially Responsible and Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Southampton, GB, 24–25 October 2012 • 35th Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (ISBE) Annual Conference, Dublin, IE, 7–8 November 2012

• XXVI RENT Conference, Lyon, France, 22–23 November 2012

• Cultural Entrepreneurship Conference, Pori, Finland, 10–11 December 2012 • XXXI Administrative Research Conference, Kuopio, Finland, 28-30 November 2012

Review activities

Satu Aaltonen

Ad hoc referee for conferences

• ACERE Conference 2013 (Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research Exchange Conference)

Elisa Akola

Ad hoc referee for conferences

• ACERE Conference 2013 (Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research Exchange Conference) • ICSB International Council for Small Business Conference 2012

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Jarna Heinonen

External examiner of research proposals and grant applications

• Statements to scholarship applications of the research project, Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö • Statements for Grant applications for doctoral studies and research, TOP-Säätiö

External examiner for doctoral thesis

• Ethiopia Segaro: Internationalization of family small and medium sized enterprises: Impact of ownership, governance and top management team, University of Vaasa, Faculty of Business Studies

• Martin Hannibal Knudsen: Exploring inventor founders´ sensemaking dynamics – a case study of six Danish university spin-offs, A member of an assessment committee. University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Social Sciences

Editorial board memberships

• International Small Business Journal • Journal of Small Business Management • Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Ad hoc referee for journals

• Journal of Small Business Management • Baltic Journal of Management

• The Finnish Journal of Business Economics • International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship • International Small Business Journal

• Journal of Small business and Enterprise development • Research Policy

Ad hoc referee for conferences

• AOM Academy of Management 72nd Annual Meeting • The 26th RENT Conference

• Nordic conference for Small Business (NCSB) 2012, Helsinki, Finland

• The 4rd International Conference “Well-being in the Information Society” (WIS 2012)

Ulla Hytti

Ad hoc referee for journals

• Journal of Small Business Management • International Small Business Journal • Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice • Organizational Research Methods

• International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship • International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Innovation

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Ad hoc referee for conferences

• AOM Academy of Management 72nd Annual Meeting

• ACERE Conference 2013 (Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research Exchange Conference) • The 26th RENT Conference, France

• 3E ECSB Entrepreneurship Conference, Denmark

Teemu Kautonen

Editorial board memberships

• Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

• International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research • International Small Business Journal

• Journal of Trust Research Ad hoc referee for journals

• Applied Economics • Applied Financial Economics

• Entrepreneurship & Regional Development • Journal of Business Venturing

• Journal of Small Business Management

Aki Koponen

Ad hoc referee for journals

• Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice

Arto Kuuluvainen

Ad hoc referee for journals

• Baltic Journal of management

• Research in Economics and Business: Central and Eastern Europe Ad hoc referee for conferences

• European International Business Academy (EIBA) 2012 Conference

Thomas Lemström

Ad hoc referee for conferences

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Katri Luomala

Ad hoc referee for conferences

• AOM Academy of Management 72nd Annual Meeting

• ACERE Conference 2013 (Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research Exchange Conference)

Pekka Stenholm

Ad hoc referee for journals

• Journal of Business Venturing • Journal of Small Business Management • Small Business Economics

• International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship Ad hoc referee for conferences

• AOM Academy of Management 72nd Annual Meeting

• ACERE Conference 2013 (Australian Centre for Entrepreneurship Research Exchange Conference) • European Academy of Management, Netherlands

• The International Family Enterprise Research Academy, France • The 26th RENT Conference, France

International researcher and teacher visits

Members of CRE staff visiting other universities:

Dr. Teemu Kautonen in Victoria University School of International Business, Melbourne, Australia, February 2012

Dr. Arto Kuuluvainen in École de management Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, France, March-June 2012

Dr. Pekka Stenholm in David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Utah, USA, June, 2012 in School of Public Policy, George Mason University, Virginia, USA, September- October 2012

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Researchers from other universities visiting CRE:

Dr. Richard Lang from Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria in TSE Entre June 2012

Dr. Jonathan Scott from Teesside University Business School, Middlesborough UK in TSE Entre June - July 2012

Dr. Bjørn Willy Åmo from University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway in TSE Entre August 2012

Dr. Gry Agnete Alsos from University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway in TSE Entre November 2012

Dr. Elisabeth Ljunggren from Nordlands Research Institute, Bodø, Norway in TSE Entre November 2012

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Programmes and courses provided

TSE exe

Summary of the Executive education in 2012 Programmes Participants Classroom days

Seminars and shorter courses 4 313 3

Open programmes 2 36 53

Customised programmes 6 101 48

eMBA 4 75 57

Total 16 525 161

TSE Entre

Our researchers are actively involved in different types of teaching and education activities within the Turku School of Economics and the University of Turku. This is natural as entrepreneurship is one of the strength areas of the Turku School of Economics and is therefore increasingly visible in programmes of the school. Since several years our researchers have participated actively in the provision of several undergraduate and graduate courses in the field of entrepreneurship. In the beginning of the year 2012 Professor Jarna Heinonen started as the responsible teacher for entrepreneurship studies in the Turku School of Economics. Therefore, the role of our researchers in developing research-based entrepreneurship curricula in the Turku School of Economics has increased considerably in 2012. The whole curricula was renewed and reorganized in 2012 and the new courses started in fall. In addition, our researchers contribute to some other courses, such as business and projectwork skills, offered to undergraduates.

Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Creativity also form one of the four key ILOs (Intended Learning Outcomes) of the eMBA-programme of the Turku School of Economics. This implies that the role of entrepreneurship in the eMBA-programme increases significantly in the coming years posing a challenge for our research and teacher staff. Professor Heinonen serves also as a member and chair of the eMBA Programme Committee and therefore takes an academic responsibility of the development of the eMBA Programme in close collaboration with other Committee members.

Finally, our staff also contributes to other training and development programmes of the TSE exe by supervising theses, lecturing, and tutoring the students.

TEACHING AND EDUCATION

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CCR

CCR’s staff participated in undergraduate education in their fields of special expertise.

Aki Koponen was the responsible teacher of Economics of competition policy for department of economics and taught economics of competition policy for master’s students of faculty of law. Koponen was also one of the teachers of Organising public welfare services course held in TSE Pori unit.

Arto Kuuluvainen taught an undergraduate course in sports management.

Annina Lehtonen is one of the teachers of the Business and projectwork -course for first year bachelor students. In addition to undergraduate studies, staff of the CCR lectured and supervised thesis in TSE exes’ programs.

Courses arranged by TSE Entre and CCR staff

• MAY + YRY New business creation and marketing (7 ects) • YR4 Entrepreneurship and the Entrepreneur (6 ects) • YR5 Entrepreneurship and society (6 ects)

• Sports management and entrepreneurship course (6 ects). The course offers overview of different business opportunities provided by sports world • Business and projectwork skills (TEVY) (9 ects)

• YR7 Young enterprise (NY) (10 ects)

• Entrepreneurship (LtoYR3) (3 ects) as a part of business competence studies targeted at UTU students in other faculties • Economics of competition policy (6 ects)

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Visiting guest lecturers

Aaltonen, Mika Research Director, Aalto University Aaltonen, Tapio Coach, Partner, Founder, Novetos Oy Arjas, Päivi Dr, Lecturer, Sibelius Academy

Aspling, Anders Professor, Stockholm School of Economics Brandt, Leena Master of Social Sciences, Tmi Leena Brandt

Finne, Sami Retail & Consumer Products Sector Lead, Capgemini Consulting Sweden & Finland Hakkarainen, Terhi Marketing Manager, Duetto Group

Heikkilä, Jorma Professor Herlin, Niko Team Leader, Finpro

Hiltunen, Elina Futurist, Dr of Economics, What’s Next Consulting Oy Honkanen, Simo Senior Vice President and HSSE, Neste Oil Corporation Hosking, Dian-Marie Professor, Utrecht University

Huuskonen, Visa Consultant, Entrepreneuer, Leaderment Oy

Inkinen, Sam Dr, Media Scholar, Writer, Senior Consultant, Futures Researcher Juutilainen, Sari Director, business customers, Sampo Pankki

Järvinen, Pekka Psychologist, Organisaatiokonsultointi Praxis Oy

Kaislaniemi, Ilpo Senior Partner, VP Business Development, Asia at Finpro Finland Karhu, Pirjo CEO, Konsu Accountor Group

Karikorpi, Olli Consultant, Into Corporate Services Kilpi, Esko CEO, Esko Kilpi Oy

Kokkonen, Yrjö Marketing Manager, TOK

Laine, Pikka-Maaria Professor, University of Eastern Finland Langdon, Andy Partner, Langdons Ltd

Langdon, Stephen Partner, Langdons Ltd Lohtaja-Ahonen, Sirke MA, Human Interest Oy Markkula, Juhana M.Sc. (Econ. & Bus.Adm.), MDiv Mattila, Minna Communication Manager, Takuu-Säätiö Mattila, Mikko Service Manager, OK Perintä

Mattsson, Juha CEO, Symbioosi Partners Oy

Meristö, Tarja Corporate Futurist, D Sc (Bus Adm), Principal Lecturer at Laurea Mononen, Mikko Manager, Global Account Management, Cargotec Corporation Moro, Andrea Dr., University of Leicester, UK

Okko, Paavo Professor emeritus, Turku School of Economics

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Pajamo, Pekka Chief Financial Officer, Varma Mutual Pension Insurance Company Poté, Michel Consultant and Professor, Caen University

Povelainen, Mira R&D Director, Raisio Ltd

Romana, Anneli Psychologist, Romana Management Oy Romana, Seppo Psychologist, Romana Management Oy Routila, Panu President, CEO, Ahlström Capital Oy

Santalainen, Timo Managing Director, Strategy Consultant, Stratnet Sillanpää, Aimo Docent, Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku

Sinkovics, Rudolf R. Mag. Dr., Head of International Business, Head of Comparative & International Business, The University of Manchester, Manchester Business School

Townsend, Thomas Founder, President, Townsend-Danis Advantage, Visiting Researcher, University of Ottawa Tuomela, Tero-Seppo CFO, Elomatic Companies

Uusi-Heikkilä, Mikko Business Controller, Stera Valpola, Anneli Senior Partner, Strato Vapola, Johanna CEO, Co-founder, Uniqoteg Ltd

Ylä-Anttila, Pekka Research Director, ETLA The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy Åberg, Leif Professor, University of Helsinki

Åmo, Bjørn Willy Associate Professor, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway

Dian-Marie Hosking, Professor, D.Sc. (hon),

Turku School of Economics

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OTHER ACTIVITIES

Our activities contribute significantly to the third task of the university: societal impact. Our close relations with business life and policy makers indicate that our research, training and development activities are relevant for and valued by the society in general, and our customers particularly.

University administration

Riitta Birkstedt

• eMBA Program Committee of the Turku School of Economics, member

• Committee for Educational Development of the Turku School of Economics, member

Jarna Heinonen

• Committee for Research and Doctoral Studies, Turku School of Economics, member • eMBA Programme Committee of the Turku School of Economics, member and chair • Turku Centre of Labour Studies, University of Turku, Member of Board

• Turku School of Economics, Deputy Member of the Board

Teemu Kautonen

• Research Assessment Committee of the Turku School of Economics, member • Committee for Research and Doctoral Studies, Turku School of Economics, member

Aki Koponen

• Turku School of Economics, Member of the Board

• University of Turku, Societal Interaction Working Group, member

Kirsi Kostia

• eMBA Programme Committee of the Turku School of Economics, member • Turku School of Economics, Deputy Member of the Board

• University of Turku, Internationalization Steering Group • University of Turku, Education Export Steering Group

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Professional and community relations

Jarna Heinonen

• Turun Seudun Osuuspankki (Turku District Co-operative Bank), Board Member and Chair • TOP-säätiö (TOP Foundation), Board Member and vice chair

• OP-Pohjola osuuskunta (OP-Pohjola co-operative), Member of Supervisory Board

• Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku Regional Office, Member of Regional Advisory Board • Scientific Association for Entrepreneurship Education, founding member and Member of the Board • The Scientific Committee of Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö, member

• The Research Committee of the Finnish Family Firm Association, member

• Working Group for Policy relevant research on entrepreneurship and SMEs, EU Commission, member

• Acting as an expert in compiling the OECD Report on Policies for Social Inclusion (Chapter 6 Delivering Policies to the Target Group). The report was prepared by the LEED (Local Economic and Employment Development) Division of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) with the financial support of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion

• European Council of Small Business (ECSB), Academy of Management (AoM), European Academy of Management (Euram), member

Ulla Hytti

• Scientific Association for Entrepreneurship Education, founding member and Deputy Member of the Board

• European Network for Social and Economic Research (ENSR) conducting SME and entrepreneurship policy oriented research, Finnish contact person • The Steering Committee, Business Incubator Creve, the Centre for Cultural Entrepreneurship, member

• The Advisory Committee on Entrepreneurship, Turku University for Applied Sciences, member

• European Council of Small Business (ECSB), Academy of Management (AoM), European Academy of Management (Euram), member

Kirsi Kostia

• Supervisory Board of Lähitapiola Varsinais-Suomi Finance group, member • Academy of Management (AOM), member

• The Finnish Association for Human Resource Management - HENRY ry, member

Aki Koponen

• Finnish Society of Competition Law, Member of the Board • The Market Court of Finland, Expert Member

• The Steering Committee, Business Incubator Creve, the Centre for Cultural Entrepreneurship, Deputy Member • Working group of Growth & Internationalization, Southwest Finland INKA programme preparation, member of expertise

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Hanna Laalo

• The Strategy Committee on Entrepreneurship Education in South-West Finland, member

Antti Saurama

• Working group of Blue Ocean, Southwest Finland INKA programme preparation, Chairman of Expertise • Centre of Expertise Programme (OSKE), Maritime Cluster Programme, Southwest Finland, Board Member • Maritime Innovation Platform Turku (Meridiem), Board Member

• Centre of Expertise Programme (OSKE), Maritime Cluster Programme, National Reference Board, member • Finnish Association of Purchasing and Logistics (LOGY), Southwest Finland Regional Board, member

Pekka Stenholm

• Academy of Management (AoM), European Academy of Management (Euram), member • Finnish Social Enterprise Research Network (FinSERN), member

Pia Toivola

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Articles in refereed journals or publications

Clausen, Tommy - Pohjola, Mikko - Sapprasert, Koson - Verspagen, Bart (2012)

Innovation strategies as a source of persistent innovation, Industrial & Corporate Change, Vol. 21, No 3, pp. 553–585. doi: 10.1093/icc/dtr051

Duvnäs, Hanna - Stenholm, Pekka – Brännback, Malin – Carsrud, Alan L. (2012)

What are the Outcomes of Innovativeness within Social Entrepreneurship? The Relationship Between Innovative Orientation and Social Enterprise Economic Performance, Journal of Strategic Innovation and Sustainability, Vol. 8, No 1, pp. 68–80

Hytti, Ulla - Kautonen, Teemu - Akola, Elisa (2012)

Determinants of job satisfaction for salaried and self-employed professionals in Finland, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1–20, iFirst.

Kautonen, Teemu (2012)

Do age-related social expectations influence entrepreneurial activity at older ages? International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 13, No 3, 179–187

Kautonen, Teemu - Hytti, Ulla - Bögenhold, Dieter - Heinonen, Jarna (2012)

Job satisfaction and retirement age intentions in Finland: Self-employed versus salary earners, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 33, No 4, pp. 424–440

Koponen, Aki - Sandell, Mari - Salminen, Seppo - Lenoir-Wijnkoop, Irene (2012)

Nutrition economics: towards comprehensive understanding of the benefits of nutrition, Microbial Ecology in Health & Disease, 23: 18585

Kraus, Sascha - Pohjola, Mikko - Koponen, Aki (2012)

Innovation in family firms: an empirical analysis linking organizational and managerial innovation to corporate success, Review of Managerial Science, Vol.6, No 3, pp. 265–286

Kuuluvainen, Arto (2012)

How to concretize dynamic capabilities? Theory and examples, Journal of Strategy and Management, Vol. 5, No 4, pp. 381–392; Special issue on “Strategy, Management and the Economics of the Firm”

Liimatainen, Heikki - Stenholm, Pekka - Tapio, Petri Erkki Juhani - McKinnon, Alan (2012)

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Salminen, Leena - Lindberg, Elina - Heinonen, Jarna - Leino-Kilpi, Helena (2012)

Terveysalan opettajien tiedot yrittäjyydestä ja asenteet yrittäjyyttä kohtaan, Hoitotiede, Vol. 24, No 3, pp. 244–254

Salminen, Marika - Räihä, Ismo - Heinonen, Jarna - Kivelä, Sirkka-Liisa (2012)

Morbidity in aged Finns: A systematic review, Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Vol. 54, No 2, 278–292

Conference papers

Aaltonen, Satu - Akola, Elisa (2012)

Lack of trust – the main obstacle for immigrant entrepreneurship?

Paper presented at 17th Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, Helsinki, Finland, 23–25 May 2012

Acs, Zoltan J. – Desai, Sameeshka - Stenholm, Pekka – Wuebker, Robert (2012)

Institutions and the Allocation of Formal and Informal Entrepreneurship

A paper presented at a PDW at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, August 3–7, Boston, MA, USA

Bögenhold, Dieter - Heinonen, Jarna - Akola, Elisa (2012)

Winners, losers, hybrids: Liberal professions between necessities and self-realization

A paper presented at 7th Interim Meeting ESA RN19 Sociology of Professions, Helsinki, Finland, 24–26 May 2012

Duvnäs, Hanna - Stenholm, Pekka – Brannbäck, Malin – Carsrud, Alan L. (2012)

What are the outcomes of innovativeness within social entrepreneurship? The relationship between innovative orientation and social enterprises’ economic performance

United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship Conference, January 12-15, New Orleans, LA, USA

Heinonen, Jarna - Hytti, Ulla (2012)

Gender in Family Business Research

A presented at the XXVI RENT Conference, Lyon, France, 22–23 November 2012

Heinonen, Jarna - Hytti, Ulla (2012)

Gender in family firms: a literature review

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Hytti, Ulla (2012)

How is previous entrepreneurship valued when seeking into waged-work? An analysis of recruitment and resumé evaluation process The Joint ACERE-DIANA International Conference, Fremantle, Australia, 31 January–4 February 2012

Hytti, Ulla - Kautonen, Teemu - Akola, Elisa (2012)

Determinants of Job Satisfaction for Salaried and Self-Employed Professionals

A paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Boston, USA, 3–7 August 2012

Kansola, Minna – Mäkinen, Samuli – Lehtonen, Annina (2012)

Network and Roles of Actors in New Service Development. 4th Joint World Conference on Production & Operations Management / 19th International Annual EurOMA Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands 1-5 July 2012

Kautonen, Teemu - Down, Simon - Minniti, Maria (2012)

Age and entrepreneurial behaviour: the effect of different entrepreneurial preferences A paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Boston, USA, 3–7 August 2012

Kibler, Ewald - Wainwright, Thomas - Blackburn, Robert - Kautonen, Teemu (2012)

Under pressure: differentiation in older entrepreneur motivations, emotions and mentoring

In 35th Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (ISBE) Annual Conference, Dublin, IE, 7–8 November 2012

Kovalainen, Anne - Hytti, Ulla - Heinonen, Jarna (2012)

Boosting Growth in Gendered Role Positions

Presentation at the GWO Gender, Work and Organisation conference, 7th international interdisciplinary conference, Keele University, UK, 27–29 June 2012

Kovalainen, Anne - Stenholm, Pekka - Heinonen, Jarna (2012)

Changing Jobs, Changing Entrepreneurship – Young Highly Educated Women in Search of Perfect Place through Entrepreneurship? A paper presented at the Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, Fort Worth, USA, 6–9 June 2012

Lemström, Thomas - Laaksonen, Eeva (2012)

Institutional logics of intrapreneurship in health care

A paper presented at the International Council for Small Business (ICSB) World Conference 2012, Wellington, 10-13 June 2012

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Makkonen, Teemu – Saurama, Antti (2012)

External business intelligence in small and medium sized firms – A case study of Finnish marine industry

The 5th International Conference for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development, Sofia, Bulgaria, 1 – 2 June 2012

Nieminen, Lenita - Hytti, Ulla (2012)

Communities of Practice and Entrepreneurial Learning VI Yrittäjyyskasvatuspäivät, Tampere, 4–5 October 2012

Pohjola, Mikko - Stenholm, Pekka (2012)

The Hierarchical Structure of Dynamic Capabilities and Evolutionary Fitness of the Firm

A paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Boston, MA, USA, 3–7 August 2012

Stenholm, Pekka - Hytti, Ulla - Akola, Elisa (2012)

In Search for Legitimacy and Entrepreneurial Identity: A Case Study of Two Growth Farmers A paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, Boston, USA, 3–7 August 2012

Valjakka Tiina - Mäkinen Samuli - Lehtonen Annina (2012)

Opening Company Boundaries for Collaborative Business Model Renewal. 13th International CINet Conference - Continuous Innovation Across Boundaries, Rome, Italy, 16–17 September 2012

Wainwright, Thomas - Kibler, Ewald (2012)

What takes the place of the welfare state? ‘Older Entrepreneurship’ and the household

In 2nd International Conference in Socially Responsible and Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Southampton, GB, 24-25 October 2012

Other publications

Heinonen, Jarna - Smallridge, Diana - Laaksonen, Eeva - Stenholm, Pekka - Claes, Werner (2012)

Evaluation of Finnvera Plc

Publications of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy, Innovation 28/2012.

Kuuluvainen, Arto - Koponen, Aki - Oikarinen, Elias - Ryömä, Arto - Lehtonen, Annina (2012)

Suomen rahapelimarkkinat

Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, TSE Entre, Centre for Research and Education, CCR Centre for Collaborative Research, Electronic publications E2/2012

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Kuuluvainen, Arto - Koponen, Aki - Oikarinen, Elias - Ryömä, Arto - Lehtonen, Annina (2012) The Gaming Market in Finland

University of Turku, Turku School of Economics, CRE, Electronic publications E2/2012

Laaksonen, Eeva - Lemström, Thomas - Virtanen, Juha - Heinonen, Jarna - Hytti, Ulla (2012)

Riittääkö innostus? Sisäinen yrittäjyys terveydenhuollossa. Turku School of Economics at the University of Turku

Lehtonen, Annina - Valkama, Pekka - Pohjola, Mikko - Saarni, Jouni - Koponen, Aki (2012)

Näennäismarkkinainnovaatioiden omaksumisprosessit hallintokunnissa. Teoksessa: Sinervo, Lotta-Maria & Vakkuri, Jarmo (2012) (ed.) Inhimillinen kuntatalous. Emeritaprofessori Tuija Rajalan juhlakirja. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto, 231–247

Makkonen, Teemu - Saurama, Antti (2012)

External business intelligence in small- and medium sized firms – A case study of Finnish marine industry. In Birov, D. & Y. Todorova (eds.): Proceedings of the 5th International Conference for Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Regional Development ICEIRD 2012, pp. 509–516. University of Sofia, Bulgaria.

Saarni, Jouni - Pohjola, Mikko - Koponen, Aki (2012)

Tutkimus autokatsastusalan markkinoiden kehityksesta ja kilpailusta

University of Turku, Turku School of Economics, CRE, Electronic publications E1/ 2012

Stenholm, Pekka - Aaltonen, Satu (2012)

Yrittäjyyden edistäminen starttirahalla – Starttirahajärjestelmän vaikuttavuus ja toimivuus Publications of the Ministry of Employment and the Economy, 36/2012

Stenholm, Pekka - Kovalainen, Anne - Heinonen, Jarna - Pukkinen, Tommi (2012)

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Finnish 2011 Report

References

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