METU Middle East Technical University, Turkey. An overview on Drilling and Geothermal Energy Projects in Turkey. Tevfik Kaya

(1)

Turkish Petroleum International Company & Middle East Technical University

TPIC

An

overview

on

Drilling

and

Geothermal

Energy

Projects

in

Turkey

Tevfik Kaya tkaya@tpic.com.tr

TPIC

GeothermalProjects _“we_are_helping_our_geothermal_asset_to_come_to_{surface…”}

METU

Middle East Technical

University, Turkey

GRC

Annual

Meeting

International

Luncheon

Reno,

NV,

USA,

(2)

TPIC TPIC Domestic Production Dependency on Foreign

Crude Oil 2.5 M ton/year 93% Natural Gas 0.73 B M3/year 97%

gas fields

Oil fields

Turkey’s oil production;

•peaked in 1991 at 85 thousand bbl/day

•bottoming out in 2006 at 44 thousand bbl/d.

•Now: 53‐55 thousand bbl/d in 2011.

Primary energy consumption of Turkey iscovered %62 oil and gas. Oil & Gas Overviwed of Turkey 2011

(3)

TPIC

GeothermalProjects

.

Turkey has a unique geographic position

at the crossroads between Europe and Asia. It is located on an active tectonic,

orogenetic belt, the Alpine ‐ Himalaya

Orogen, with young faults and active volcanism.

Geothermal exploration in Turkey

started in the early 1960s. The first

geothermal well for power generation was drilled in 1968 on high enthalpy

fields for potential power production.

The well has a depth of 540 meters and

a temperature of 198°C.

Geothermal

in

Turkey

since

1960

Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey

t.kaya 2012 GRC2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting InternationalLuncheon Reno, NV, USA,

(4)

TPIC

•

Direct use application for heating ‐

38%

•

Thermal usage (spa) ‐

52%

•

Power

generation

‐

10%

Geothermal

fields

in

Turkey

December 2011 Power Generation 114.3 MWe Residences Heating 88,000 ~ 805Mwt Residence equivalence Greenhouse Heating 2,585,000 ( ~506 MWt) m2 Thermal Facilities,spa 325 (~550 MWt) Pc CO₂ mitigated 160,000 Tons

(5)

TPIC TPIC GeothermalProjects Geothermal Energy; an overview on Drilling and Projects in Turkey t.kaya 2012 Geothermal Fields name for Power Generation in Turkey (September 2011)

Name of Fields Temp.(°C

) Name of Fields Temp.°C)

Manisa‐Alaşehir‐

Köseali 287 Kütahya‐Simav 162

Manisa Alaşehir X 265 Aydın‐Umurlu 155

Manisa‐Salihli‐

Caferbey 249

İzmir‐

Seferihisar 153

Denizli‐Kızıldere 242 Denizli‐

Bölmekaya 147

Aydın‐Germencik‐

Ömerbeyli 239

Aydın‐

Hıdırbeyli 146

Kurudere 214

İzmir‐Dikili‐

Hanımınçiftliği 145

X 194

Aydın‐

Sultanhisar 145

Aydın‐Yılmazköy 192 Aydın‐Bozyurt 140

Aydın‐Pamukören 188 Denizli‐Karataş 137

Kavaklıdere 188 İzmir‐Balçova 136

Manisa‐Salihli‐

Göbekli 182

İzmir‐Dikili‐

Kaynarca 130

Kütahya‐Şaphane 181 Aydın‐Nazilli‐

Güzelköy 127

Çanakkale‐Tuzla 174 Aydın‐Atça 124

Aydın‐Salavatlı 171 Manisa‐Salihli‐

Kurşunlu 117 Denizli‐ Tekkehamam 168 Denizli‐ Sarayköy‐ Gerali 114

•

300

geothermal

resource

areas

known

•

1500

hot

and

mineralized

natural

springs

(6)

TPIC

Temperature distrubution of geothermal resources view field &wells

Geothermal Resources Map of Turkey

(7)

TPIC

Installed

Capacity

of

Power

Plants

in

Turkey,

2011

September 2011 Installed Capacity MWe Installed Capacity Ratio Generation Ratio Natural Gas 16,221 32% 44‐47% Hydro 17,092 32% 24% Lignite 8,173 17% 17% Imported Coal 3,281 7% 10% Fuel 1,475 3% 1% Wind 1,358/ 1,729 3% 2% Geothermal 114 0.20% 0.30% Other 4,034 5.80% 2.40% Total 51,004

53,106

100% 100%

Year Electricity Demand/

Consumption (kwh) Consumption kW/capita 2002 129 Billion 1.485 2010 210 Billion 2.871 2011 229,3Bilion 3.100

2023 450 Billion 5.500 9% increase from 2010 to 2011

(8)

TPIC TPIC

Geothermal installed capacity has been increasing rapidly over the years, accounting for

50% of the total installed capacity by Sept 2012 (TPIC projection)

geothermal energy is separately regulated by Act #5686 (Jun 3rd_, 2007).

Name of PP Place Installed Capacity

(MWe)

Technology Provider

Kızıldere Denizli‐Sarayköy 15 Ansaldo

Dora‐1 Aydın‐Salavatlı 8 Ormat

Bereket Denizli‐Sarayköy 7 Ormat

Germencik Aydın‐Germencik 47 Mitsubishi

Tuzla ÇanakkaleTuzla 8 Ormat

Dora‐2 Aydın‐Salavatlı 12 Ormat

Irem Aydın‐Germencik 20 Ormat

Under construction

Sinem Aydın‐Germencik 24 Ormat

Deniz Aydın‐Germencik 24 Ormat

Pamukoren Aydın‐Pamokoren 45 Atlas Copco

Gumuskoy Aydın‐Germencik 7 TAS

Dora 3U1 Aydın‐Salavatlı 15 Ormat

Alasehir Manisa‐Alasehir 24 Ormat

Dora 3U2 Aydın‐Salavatlı 20 Ormat

Kızıldere‐2 Denizli Sarayköy 75 Fuji‐TAS

7

8

Approx. 212 MWe under construction

(9)

History

of

Geothermal

Power

Plants

(May

2012)

TPIC

GeothermalProjects GRC2012 ‐GEA Annual Meeting InternationalLuncheon Reno, NV, USA,

Installed Capacity

MW

Technology Provider Project Financing 1984 2003 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

7‐15. Steam Flash Ansaldo Government / Zorlu Kizildere Zorlu Kizildere 1 75 Steam +

triple flash Fuji + TAS Bank Consorsium Zorlu Kızıldere II

7.5 ORC Ormat YapıKredi Mege Dora 1 ‐ 05

7.3 ORC Ormat TKB Bereket BJE ‐05

7.5 ORC Ormat Pozitif Enda Tuzla ‐01

47.5 Steam Flash Mitsubishi WestLB Consortium

inc. Local banks Gurmat

Germencik ‐06

12 ORC Ormat Pozitif Mege Dora 2 ‐

03

18.5 ORC Ormat Vakıf Maren Irem ‐11

45 ORC Atlas

Copco Not yet specificied Celikler 06

Pamukore n

24 ORC Ormat Vakıf From start ‐Owner Maren Sinem

24 ORC Ormat Vakıf Commissioning ‐month Maren Deniz

6.6/7 ORC TAS BM/? Under development BM Gumuskoy

18.5 ORC Ormat TKB Mege Dora 3 U1

23.6 ORC Ormat Is Bank Turkerler Alasehir

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Geothermal Site Development

based on the case of 20 MWe‐60 MWe in Turkey(t.kaya 2012)

Site Scouting and

geological/geophysical studies 6‐10 months

Exploratory drilling including

gradient drilling 12‐15 months

Drilling and long term test

15‐28 months

Power plant construction

(mostly parallel to drilling) 18‐24 months

Total development period of a

proven field 36‐54months

Total development period for

non proven fields

48‐60

months

TPIC

(11)

TPIC

Feed

–in

Tariff

and

Legal

Framework

for

Geothermal

Energy

in

Turkey:

•FIT was introduced in 2005 as a unique tariff btw 5 – 5,5 € cents, applicable for defined renewable

energy sources (18.05.2005, Law No.5346, entitled “RES Law for the)

•Implementation Regulation of FIT was not adopted at that time.

•In Turkey, geothermal energy is separately regulated by the Act numbered 5686 (Jun 3rd, 2007).

•New RES Law was adopted in Dec 2010

•It proposes below mentioned FIT at differentiated rates (7,3 10,5 –13,3 $ cents) for different renewable energy sources.

•Implementation Reg. is adopted & Domestic Manufacturing incentive introduced.

Power Plant Type FIT Domestic Manufacturing

Additional Local Content ($cebt/kWh)

Max FIT ($cent/kWh)

Hydro Power Plant 7.3 Turbine 1.3 9.6

Generator and Power Electronics 1.0

Wind Power Plant 7.3

Blade 0.8

11.0

Generator and Power Electronics 1.0

Tower 0.6

Rotor and Nacel(all mechanic) 1.3

Geothermal Power Plant 10.5 Steam or Gas Turbine 1.3 13.2 Generator and Power Electronics 0.7 Steam Injector or Vacuum Pump 0.7 Biomass 13.3 Equipments 18.9

Solar 13.3 FotovoltaikEquipments 20.0

Concentrated olarPower Equipments 22.5

t.kaya 2012

(12)

TPIC

Geothermal

Projects

in

Aegean

Region

TPIC

Services

F200

in

Salihli

celikler aytemiz soyak bm güriş zorlu sanko kayen akca transmark burc enel delta maspo rarik maren ors hateks enda demirören enerji‐a dolmabahce + > 12 companies erna Ümran boru

(13)

TPIC

Geothermal Well Drillings by TPIC (2008‐ May 2012 105.000 meter )

According to TPIC drilling experiences in Menderes and Alaşehirgraben mostly metamorphic, shiest,

limestone, sand stone and marble formation,

Average penetration day for 2000‐2500 meter is 45‐50 days for production wells, for the 2800‐ 3000meter exploration well’s average penetration days is more than 65 days

(14)

TPIC

Turkey’s current geothermal drilling operations are being executed under drilling service contract

structures which are predominantly “unit time rate” (similar to New Zealand, Kenya and

Indonesian). TPIC can also operate under a turn‐key agreement.

“meter‐rate”and “turn‐key” geothermal drilling operations are typical of Iceland.

(15)

TPIC

t.kaya 2012

Drilling Rigs in Geothermal Power Projects in Turkey

(May 2012) tkaya 2012

# Rig Place Capacity

(w/ 4 1/2" DP) Company

1 F‐320/5 Denizli 6210 m/2000 HP TPIC 2 F 200/11 Aydın 4000 m/1350 HP TPIC 3 F200/10 Manisa 4000 m/1350 HP TPIC 4 IRI 100/1 Aydın 425 HP/W.OWER TPIC 5 MR8000 Manisa 4300 m/1080 HP MAPEK 6 MR8000 Aydın 4300 m/1080 HP MAREN 7 IDECO H44 Aydın 3000 m / 750 HP POLMAK 8 F. Cooper LTO‐

750 Aydın 2500m/750 HP AME

9 Wilson 75 Aydın 2500m/900 HP AME 10 NAT 80 B Aydın 3500 m/1000 HP AME 11 F200 Aydın 4000 m/1350 HP AME 12 BD125 Denizli 1600 HP DEĞİRMENCİ

13 Gefco 185 K Konya 2000m/600 HP GM Müh 14 MR6000 İzmir 2000 m/540 HP MTA 15 Not Specified Manisa 2000m/600 HP Merty 16 Not Specified Manisa 2000m/600 HP Gül Sondaj

Turkey

Rig

Count

in

Geothermal

Projects

(16)

TPIC

Why

Finance

and

Invest

in

Geothermal

in

Turkey

• As a result of Turkey’s economic growth over the last eight years Turkey has become one of the

fastest growing energy markets in the world. The energy market is also rapidly gaining a

competitive structure. The Turkish Electricity Transmission Company estimates that Turkey’s

demand for electricity will increase at an annual rate of six percent between 2009 and 2023.

• Total geothermal potential of Turkey is estimated around 30,000 MW. In geothermal, Turkey

has a proven 4,000 MW of resources over 20°C of which 600 to 1000 MW are high temperature

(17)

.

TPIC TPIC GeothermalProjects

Thank you…

We love the geothermal because geothermal is beautiful…

Pamukkale/Turkey

…