Omicron Overcurrent Example.pdf

Practical Example of Use

Practical Example of Use

Testing Directional Overcurrent Protection

Testing Directional Overcurrent Protection

 Author   Author  OMICRON electronics OMICRON electronics Date Date September 2010 September 2010

Related OMICRON Product

Related OMICRON Product

Test Universe Test Universe  Application A

 Application Arearea

Overcurrent Overcurrent Version Version DirOvcrEx.AE.1 DirOvcrEx.AE.1

Content

Content

Preface ...

Preface ... ... 33 1

1 Application Example ...Application Example ... ... 33 2

2 TheoreticaTheoretical l IntroductIntroduction ion ... 4... 4 2.1

2.1 Tripping Characteristics ...Tripping Characteristics ... ... 44 2.2

2.2 IDMT-Characteristics (51, IDMT-Characteristics (51, 51N, 67) ...51N, 67) ... ... 55 2.3

2.3 Directional Overcurrent Directional Overcurrent Protection (67) ...Protection (67) ... 6... 6 3

3 Practical Practical IntroductioIntroduction ...n ... ... 88 3.1

3.1 Defining the Test Object ...Defining the Test Object ... 9... 9

3.1.1

3.1.1 Device Settings Device Settings ... ... . 9. 9 3.1.2

3.1.2 Defining the Overcurrent Protection Parameters ...Defining the Overcurrent Protection Parameters ... ... 10... 10

3.2

3.2 Global Hardware ConfiguratioGlobal Hardware Configuration n CMC CMC ... 14... 14

3.2.1

3.2.1 Output Configuration for Protection Output Configuration for Protection Relays with a Secondary Nominal Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 1 Current of 1 A A ... 14... 14 3.2.2

3.2.2 Output Configuration for Protection Output Configuration for Protection Relays with a Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 5 Secondary Nominal Current of 5 A A ... 15... 15 3.2.3

3.2.3  Analog Outputs  Analog Outputs ... ... 16... 16 3.2.4

3.2.4 Binary Inputs Binary Inputs ... ... . 16. 16 3.2.5

3.2.5 Wiring of the Test Set ... 17Wiring of the Test Set ... 17

3.3

3.3 Defining the Test Configuration ...Defining the Test Configuration ... ... 1818

3.3.1

3.3.1 General Approach General Approach ... ... 18... 18 3.3.2

3.3.2 Pick-up Test Pick-up Test ... ... . 18. 18 3.3.3

3.3.3 Trip Time Trip Time Characteristic Test Characteristic Test ... ... 19... 19 3.3.4

3.3.4 Directional characteristic test Directional characteristic test ... ... 21... 21

Please use this note only in

Please use this note only in combination with the related product manual which contains severalcombination with the related product manual which contains several important safety instructions. The user is responsible for every application that makes use of important safety instructions. The user is responsible for every application that makes use of anan OMICRON product.

OMICRON product.

OMICRON electronics GmbH including all international branch

OMICRON electronics GmbH including all international branch offices is henceforth referred offices is henceforth referred to as OMICRON.to as OMICRON. © OMICRON 2010. All rights reserved. This application note is a

Preface

Preface

This paper describes how to test directional and non-directional overcurrent protection stages. It This paper describes how to test directional and non-directional overcurrent protection stages. It contains an application example which will be used in the whole paper. The theoretical background contains an application example which will be used in the whole paper. The theoretical background of the directional and non-directional overcurrent protection will be explained. Also this paper covers of the directional and non-directional overcurrent protection will be explained. Also this paper covers the definition of the

the definition of the overcurrenovercurrentt Test ObjectTest Object as well as the as well as the Hardware ConfigurationHardware Configuration for directional for directional overcurrent tests. Finally the Overcurrent test module is used to perform the tests which are needed overcurrent tests. Finally the Overcurrent test module is used to perform the tests which are needed for the directional overcurrent protection function.

for the directional overcurrent protection function. Supplements:

Supplements: Sample Sample Control Center Control Center  _{file file Overcurrent Example.occ Overcurrent Example.occ (referred to in this document).(referred to in this document).}

Requirements:

Requirements: Test UniverseTest Universe _{2.40 or later; 2.40 or later;} Overcurrent Overcurrent  _and and Control Center Control Center  _{licenses. licenses.}

1

1

Application Example

Application Example

I> stage (67) /

I> stage (67) / directional characteristic forward (IDMT)directional characteristic forward (IDMT)

10.5 kV 10.5 kV 200/1 200/1 Protection functions Protection functions I>> stage (50) I>> stage (50) non-directional characteristic (DMT) non-directional characteristic (DMT)

Figure 1: Feeder connection diagram of the application example Figure 1: Feeder connection diagram of the application example Parameter

Parameter Name Name Parameter Parameter Value Value NotesNotes

Frequency Frequency 50 Hz50 Hz VT (primary/secondary) VT (primary/secondary) 10500 V / 110 V10500 V / 110 V CT (primary/secondary) CT (primary/secondary) 200 A /1 A200 A /1 A I> stage

I> stage IEC IEC Very Very Inverse Inverse TrippingTripping characteristiccharacteristic Directio

Directional nal Fwd Fwd Directional Directional characteristcharacteristic ic ForwardForward 300

300 A A Pick-up Pick-up value value = = 1.5 1.5 x x IIn CT primaryn CT primary 1.2

1.2 _{Time multiplier (TD; TMS;Time multiplier (TD; TMS;} _PP, etc., etc. (only for

(only for IDMT characteristics)IDMT characteristics) 45

45 ° ° Relay Relay characteristcharacteristic ic angle angle (only(only for directional protective function) for directional protective function) I>> stage

I>> stage DMT DMT TrippingTripping characteristiccharacteristic

600

600 A A Pick-up Pick-up value value = = 1.5 1.5 x x IIn CT primaryn CT primary 100

2

2

Theoretical Introduction

Theoretical Introduction

2.1

2.1

Tripping Characteristics

Tripping Characteristics

Tripping characteristics Tripping characteristics

D

DefiniteefiniteMMinimuminimumTTime overcurrentime overcurrent relay

relay

IInverse-nverse-DDefiniteefiniteMMinimuminimumTTimeime overcurrent relay overcurrent relay t[s] t[s] t t_I>I> t t_I>>I>> I I>> II>>>> I/II/Inn trip-time characteristic of a two-step trip-time characteristic of a two-step

DMT-overcurrent relay DMT-overcurrent relay 5 500--1 1 oor r 5500NN--11 5500--2 2 oor r 5500NN--22 t[s] t[s] t t_I>I> t t_I>>I>> I

IPP I>>I>> _I/II/I

P

P trip-time characteristic of a trip-time characteristic of a IDMT- overcurrent relay IDMT- overcurrent relay

51 or 51N or 67 51 or 51N or 67

Characteristic

Characteristic Formula Formula AnnotationAnnotation

LTI (long time inverse) LTI (long time inverse)

 

PP



PP 120 120 1 1 t t T T  I I I I     

 Suitable for motors, for example.Suitable for motors, for example. SI (standard inverse) SI (standard inverse)

 

PP



0.020.02 PP 0.14 0.14 1 1 t t T T  I I I I       VI (very inverse) VI (very inverse)

 

PP



PP 13.5 13.5 1 1 t t T T  I I I I       EI (extremely inverse) EI (extremely inverse)

 

PP



22 PP 80 80 1 1 t t T T  I I I I      

Good adjustment on fuse tripping Good adjustment on fuse tripping characteristics possible.

characteristics possible. Table 2: IDMT tripping characteristics (range / show

2.2

2.2

IDMT-Characteristics (51, 51N, 67)

IDMT-Characteristics (51, 51N, 67)

 As these chara

 As these characteristics differ considcteristics differ considerably from eaerably from each other, the och other, the operational eperational equipment to quipment to bebe protected has to be taken into account (overload, short-circuit behavior, etc.).

protected has to be taken into account (overload, short-circuit behavior, etc.).

Figure 2: Parameters of an overcurrent relay (AREVA) Figure 2: Parameters of an overcurrent relay (AREVA) 1.

1. Tripping Tripping characteristic focharacteristic for the I> r the I> stage (fostage (for this exr this example ample IDMT IEC IDMT IEC very inverse)very inverse) 2.

2. Directional Directional function function (for (for this this example example forward)forward) 3.

3. Pick-up Pick-up value value of of I> I> stagestage 4.

4. Time Time multiplier multiplier for for the the I> I> stagestage 5.

5. Tripping Tripping characteristic focharacteristic for the I>r the I>> stage > stage (DMT for (DMT for this exathis example)mple) 6.

6. Pick-up Pick-up value value of of I>> I>> stagestage 7.

7. Trip Trip time time delay delay of of I>> I>> stagestage 8.

8. Relay chRelay characteristic aracteristic angle angle RCA (only RCA (only for the for the directional directional function)function)

Figure 3: Comparison of IEC very

Figure 3: Comparison of IEC very inverse tripping characteristics with different time multiplierinverse tripping characteristics with different time multiplier 1 1 2 2 4 4 3 3 5 5 7 7 5 5 ₆₆ 8 8 4 4 1 1 6 6 3 3 7 7

2.3

2.3

Directional Overcurrent Protection (67)

Directional Overcurrent Protection (67)

 A factor which is ch

 A factor which is characteristic to the sharacteristic to the short-circuit is the angort-circuit is the angle between le between short-circuit voltage short-circuit voltage andand short-circuit current. This

short-circuit current. This angle depends on the voltage level and angle depends on the voltage level and the respective operationalthe respective operational equipme

equipment (overhead line, cable and transformer). First of nt (overhead line, cable and transformer). First of all it shall be all it shall be examined more closely.examined more closely.

380

380 kV kV 220 220 kVkV 110 110 kV kV 1010 _– –30 30 kV kV Electric Electric arcarc

Short circuit Short circuit

angle

angle  Approx. 85 °  Approx. 85 ° Approx. 80 °Approx. 80 °  Approx. 72 ° Approx. 72 ° 30 - 50 °30 - 50 °  Approx. 0 ° Approx. 0 ° Table 3: Short-circuit angle of overhead lines and cables depending on the voltage level

Table 3: Short-circuit angle of overhead lines and cables depending on the voltage level The short-circuit angle

The short-circuit angle scsc can be calculated from the resistance R and the reactance X of the can be calculated from the resistance R and the reactance X of the protected object. protected object. sc sc arctanarctan  X   X  R  R       It is clear

It is clear that the short-circuit current has to that the short-circuit current has to be used for determining the direction. For the selectionbe used for determining the direction. For the selection of the voltage to be applied the following conditions have to be taken into account:

of the voltage to be applied the following conditions have to be taken into account: 

 For For a a close close fault fault the the short-circuit short-circuit voltage voltage is is almost almost zero.zero. 

 The angThe angle of le of the direthe directional chctional characteristic dearacteristic depends pends on the on the fault type fault type (L1-E, L2-E, (L1-E, L2-E, etc.). In oetc.). In orderrder to determine the correct position of the

to determine the correct position of the forward and the reverse direction, the relay needs aforward and the reverse direction, the relay needs a reference voltage.

reference voltage.

For this, relay connections have been developed which make use of different reference voltages with For this, relay connections have been developed which make use of different reference voltages with corrected phase angles.

corrected phase angles. Connections

Connections Advantages Advantages DisadvantagesDisadvantages

 

pphh pphh



0

0_ I I ,,V V  Maximum sensitivity withMaximum sensitivity with

arc faults. arc faults.

Not feasible in HV-systems, no Not feasible in HV-systems, no decision with a close fault. decision with a close fault.

 

pphh pphh pphh



30 30_{ } I I V ,,V _{ } V aV a_

 

pphh pphh



60 60_{ } I I ,,_{ } V V _aa

Reference voltage depending on Reference voltage depending on the fault. the fault.

 

22



p phh pphh pphh 90

90_ I I V a ,,V a V a_{ }V a _ Maximum reference voltageMaximum reference voltage

with PhE- and PhPh- faults. with PhE- and PhPh- faults.

Not feasible for arc faults. Not feasible for arc faults.

Table 4: Relay connection for

Table 4: Relay connection for determinindetermining the g the reference voltage.reference voltage. Note:

Note: The method that is used for the reference voltage depends on the relay manufacturer. For the The method that is used for the reference voltage depends on the relay manufacturer. For the following discussion

Im Im Re Re 45° 45° reverse reverse direction direction forward forward direction direction directional directional characteristic line characteristic line c c V V b b V V a a scsc V V VV φ φscsc c c -V -V  sc  sc II -45° -45° ref  ref  V V rreeff bb cc V V ==V -V -VV Figure 4: 90 ° relay

Figure 4: 90 ° relay connection with a relay characteristic angle of 45 ° connection with a relay characteristic angle of 45 ° (L1-E fault)(L1-E fault) Note:

Note: The forward direction for the measuring element "phase A" results from the angle rangeThe forward direction for the measuring element "phase A" results from the angle range 45 ° >

3

3

Practical Introduction

Practical Introduction

The

The Overcurrent Overcurrent  test  test module is designed for module is designed for testing directional and non-directional overcurrenttesting directional and non-directional overcurrent protective functions with DMT or IDMT

protective functions with DMT or IDMT tripping characteristics (short-circuit, thermal overloadtripping characteristics (short-circuit, thermal overload, zero, zero sequence, negative sequence, and customized curve characteristics).

sequence, negative sequence, and customized curve characteristics). The test module can be found at the

The test module can be found at the Start PageStart Page of the OMICRON of the OMICRON Test UniverseTest Universe. It can be inserted. It can be inserted into an OCC File as well.

3.1

3.1

Defining the Test Object

Defining the Test Object

The first step of testing is defining the settings of the relay under test. In order to do that, the The first step of testing is defining the settings of the relay under test. In order to do that, the Test Object

Test Object has to be opened. This can be done by double clicking the has to be opened. This can be done by double clicking the Test ObjectTest Object in the OCC file in the OCC file or by clicking the

or by clicking the Test ObjectTest Object button in the  button in the test module.test module.

3.1.1

3.1.1 Device SettingsDevice Settings

General relay settings (e.g., substation, relay ID, CT and

General relay settings (e.g., substation, relay ID, CT and VT parameters) are entered atVT parameters) are entered at Device Settings

3.1.2

3.1.2 Defining the Overcurrent Protection ParametersDefining the Overcurrent Protection Parameters

More specific data concerning the overcurrent relay can be entered in the

More specific data concerning the overcurrent relay can be entered in the RIO functionRIO function Overcurrent Protection Parameters

Overcurrent Protection Parameters . The definition of the overcurrent characteristic has to . The definition of the overcurrent characteristic has to be donebe done here as well.

here as well.

Relay Parameters Relay Parameters

This first tab contains the

This first tab contains the definition of the directional behavior as well as the relay definition of the directional behavior as well as the relay tolerances.tolerances.

1.

1. Since we want to Since we want to test a directional overcurrent relay, this test a directional overcurrent relay, this has to be activated.has to be activated.

2.

2. Regarding the feeder connection diagramRegarding the feeder connection diagram (Figure 1)(Figure 1) the VT is placed the VT is placed At protected objectAt protected object. If. If

you choose

you choose Not at protected objectNot at protected object , the voltage will have , the voltage will have the nominal value after tripping.the nominal value after tripping.

3.

3. TheThe CT starpoint connectionCT starpoint connection has to  has to be set according to the be set according to the connection of the secondaryconnection of the secondary

windings of the CT. For

windings of the CT. For this example the feeder connection diagram shothis example the feeder connection diagram shows, that the ws, that the CTCT grounding is towards the

grounding is towards the protected object.protected object.

4.

4. The current and time tolerances have to be looked up in the relay manual.The current and time tolerances have to be looked up in the relay manual.

1

1 2 2 33

4 4

Elements Elements

This tab defines the characteristic of the

This tab defines the characteristic of the different overcurrent stages.different overcurrent stages.

The default overcurrent characteristic is shown above. It contains an IEC

The default overcurrent characteristic is shown above. It contains an IEC Definite Time scheme withDefinite Time scheme with one stage for a phase overcurrent protection. This characteristic has to

one stage for a phase overcurrent protection. This characteristic has to be adjusted to parameters ofbe adjusted to parameters of the relay

the relay (Table 1)(Table 1)::

1.

1. In order to define the In order to define the elements of the phase overcurrent protection, selectelements of the phase overcurrent protection, select PhasePhase as the as the

Selected element type

Selected element type.. Note:Note: In case  In case other element types would also be present in the rother element types would also be present in the r elayelay select the related element types one after another in

select the related element types one after another in (1)(1) to enter these elements. The selection to enter these elements. The selection field shows the number of already defined related stages and how many of these are marked as field shows the number of already defined related stages and how many of these are marked as active.

active.

2.

2. This table shows the elements which define the tripping characteristic for the This table shows the elements which define the tripping characteristic for the selected elementselected element

type. The name of the first element may be changed according to the name used in the relay, type. The name of the first element may be changed according to the name used in the relay, e.g. "I> stage".

e.g. "I> stage".

3.

3. The characteristic type of the first The characteristic type of the first element has to be changed toelement has to be changed to IEC Very inverseIEC Very inverse ( (Error!Error!

Reference source not found. Reference source not found.).).

4.

4.  Afterwards Afterwards I pickI pick-up and the-up and the Time indexTime index have to be set. have to be set.

5.

5. Now the second element can be added. It has anNow the second element can be added. It has an IEC Definite TimeIEC Definite Time characteristic, which might characteristic, which might

be renamed to "I>> stage". Also

be renamed to "I>> stage". Also I pick-upI pick-up and the and the Trip timeTrip time have to be set. have to be set. 5 5 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

The list of the

The list of the elements after these adjustments is shown below.elements after these adjustments is shown below.

1.

1. TheThe Reset RatioReset Ratio has to be looked up in the manual as well. has to be looked up in the manual as well.

2.

2. In order to define the directional behavioIn order to define the directional behavior, the Direction of the "I> stage" has to be r, the Direction of the "I> stage" has to be set toset to

Forward.

Forward. Note:Note: This setting is an orientation help for the reader, and, once it is set, it will  This setting is an orientation help for the reader, and, once it is set, it will rotaterotate the directional limits by 180 °

the directional limits by 180 ° if changed toif changed to BackwardBackward..

The adjustments of the directional characteristic have to be done in the

The adjustments of the directional characteristic have to be done in the tabtab Define ElementDefine Element Directional Behavior  Directional Behavior :: 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 4 1 1 22

Im Im

Re Re

relay characteristic angle relay characteristic angle

(RCA) (RCA) reverse reverse direction direction forward forward direction direction directional directional characteristic line characteristic line c c V V b b V V a a scsc V V VV c c -V -V -45° -45° ref  ref  V V rreeff bb cc V V ==V -V -VV

maximum torque angle maximum torque angle

(MTA) (MTA)

MTA = -90° + RCA MTA = -90° + RCA

Figure 5: Difference between the relay characteristic angle and the maximum torque angle. Figure 5: Difference between the relay characteristic angle and the maximum torque angle. The resulting overcurrent characteristic is

3.2

3.2

Global Hardware Configuration CMC

Global Hardware Configuration CMC

The global

The global Hardware ConfigurationHardware Configuration has to be defined according to your relay connection. It can be has to be defined according to your relay connection. It can be started by double clicking the

started by double clicking the Hardware ConfigurationHardware Configuration entry in the OCC file. entry in the OCC file.

3.2.1

3.2.1 Output Configuration for Protection Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 1 AOutput Configuration for Protection Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 1 A

V Vnn V V A A V VBB V VCC

3.2.2

3.2.2 Output Configuration for Protection Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 5 AOutput Configuration for Protection Relays with a Secondary Nominal Current of 5 A

V Vnn V V A A V VBB V VCC IIBB IInn II A A IICC

3.2.3

3.2.3 Analog OutputsAnalog Outputs

The analog outputs as well as the binary inputs and binary outputs can be activated individually in The analog outputs as well as the binary inputs and binary outputs can be activated individually in the local

the local Hardware ConfigurationHardware Configuration of the specific test module. of the specific test module. 3.2.4

3.2.4 Binary InputsBinary Inputs

1.

1. The start command is optional (it is The start command is optional (it is needed if you selectneeded if you select StartingStarting as time reference in the test as time reference in the test

module or if you want to perform a pick-up / drop-off test). module or if you want to perform a pick-up / drop-off test).

2.

2. The trip command has to be connected to a binary input. You can use BI1The trip command has to be connected to a binary input. You can use BI1 _…… BI10. BI10.

3.

3. For wet contacts the nominal voltages of the binary inputs have to be adapted to the voltage ofFor wet contacts the nominal voltages of the binary inputs have to be adapted to the voltage of

the CB trip

the CB trip command. Or checkcommand. Or check Potential FreePotential Free for dry contacts. for dry contacts.

4.

4. The binary outputs, the analog inputs etc. will not The binary outputs, the analog inputs etc. will not be used for the be used for the following tests.following tests.

4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1

3.2.5

3.2.5 Wiring of the Test SetWiring of the Test Set Note:

Note: The following wiring diagram is an example, only. Depending on the protective functions of the The following wiring diagram is an example, only. Depending on the protective functions of the relay such as sensitive earth fault

relay such as sensitive earth fault protection, the wiring of the analog current inputs (Iprotection, the wiring of the analog current inputs (IEE separately) is separately) is different. different.

II

EE

II

aa

II

bb

II

cc Protective Protective Relay Relay

V

V

aa

V

V

bb

V

V

cc

Trip

Trip

(+) (+) (-) (-)

Start

Start

(+) (+) (-) (-) optional optional

3.3

3.3

Defining the Test Configuration

Defining the Test Configuration

3.3.1

3.3.1 General ApproachGeneral Approach

When testing the directional overcurrent protection, the

When testing the directional overcurrent protection, the following steps are recommended:following steps are recommended: 

 Pick-up TestPick-up Test: Testing the pick-up value of the overcurrent protection (only if start contact is wired: Testing the pick-up value of the overcurrent protection (only if start contact is wired for this relay).

for this relay). 

 Trip time characteristicTrip time characteristic: Verifying the trip : Verifying the trip times of every element of the times of every element of the tripping characteristic.tripping characteristic. 

 Directional characteristicDirectional characteristic: Verifying the angle of : Verifying the angle of the directional characteristic.the directional characteristic. Each of these tests can be done with the

Each of these tests can be done with the Overcurrent Overcurrent  test module. test module.

3.3.2

3.3.2 Pick-up TestPick-up Test

2 2 11 3 3 4 4 5 5 66

Note:

Note: If  If these functions or elements are present they may be specified in these functions or elements are present they may be specified in thethe Test ObjectTest Object in the in the same manner as the phase elements were entered in this example. The resulting characteristic same manner as the phase elements were entered in this example. The resulting characteristic will individually be calculated and shown for each test shot depending on its fault type

will individually be calculated and shown for each test shot depending on its fault type (4)(4) and and fault angle

fault angle (5)(5), ensuring a proper assessment according to the expected overall relay behavior., ensuring a proper assessment according to the expected overall relay behavior.

5.

5. The test angle for the forward direction should be the maximum torque angle.The test angle for the forward direction should be the maximum torque angle.

6.

6.  As the pick-up is n As the pick-up is not delayedot delayed, a step length , a step length of 50 ms shouof 50 ms should be sufficienld be sufficient.t.

Note

Note: The pick-up value will : The pick-up value will be measured and assessed automatibe measured and assessed automatically. The drop-off value will becally. The drop-off value will be measured as well, but it will not be assessed. The assessment of the drop-off value and the reset measured as well, but it will not be assessed. The assessment of the drop-off value and the reset ratio has to be done manually.

ratio has to be done manually. You can add more test lines

You can add more test lines if needed, e.g., a test if needed, e.g., a test in backward direction.in backward direction.

3.3.3

3.3.3 Trip Time Characteristic TestTrip Time Characteristic Test Trigger 

Trigger  and and FaultFault tabs: tabs:

1.

1. The trigger for this test will be the trip The trigger for this test will be the trip contact.contact.

2.

2.  A A Load currentLoad current during the prefault state will  during the prefault state will not be used.not be used.

3.

3. TheThe Absolute max. timeAbsolute max. time has to be adjusted. It has to exceed the upper tolerance of the test has to be adjusted. It has to exceed the upper tolerance of the test

point with the longest trip time.

point with the longest trip time. Otherwise an assessment will not be possible. On the Otherwise an assessment will not be possible. On the otherother hand, it should not be set to an unnecessarily high value since for shots where

hand, it should not be set to an unnecessarily high value since for shots where No tripNo trip is is expected this will be the waiting time

expected this will be the waiting time until the assessment 'no trip' is done, before continuinguntil the assessment 'no trip' is done, before continuing with the next shot,

with the next shot, so this would unnecessarily prolong the test duration.so this would unnecessarily prolong the test duration. 1 1 2 2 3 3

Characteristic Test Characteristic Test tab: tab:

1.

1.  As the function  As the function to test is a phase to test is a phase overcurrent functioovercurrent function, a three phn, a three phase fault is usedase fault is used. Otherwise a. Otherwise a

ground fault protection or

ground fault protection or a negative sequence protection may interfere.a negative sequence protection may interfere. NOTE: If these functions or

NOTE: If these functions or elements are present they may be specified in the Test elements are present they may be specified in the Test Object in theObject in the same manner as the phase elements were entered in this example. The resulting characteristic same manner as the phase elements were entered in this example. The resulting characteristic will individually be calculated and shown for each test shot depending on its fault type

will individually be calculated and shown for each test shot depending on its fault type (1)(1) and and fault angle

fault angle (2)(2), ensuring a proper assessment according to the expected overall relay behavior., ensuring a proper assessment according to the expected overall relay behavior.

2.

2. TheThe AngleAngle for  for the forward direction should be thethe forward direction should be the Maximum torque angleMaximum torque angle. For reverse. For reverse

direction it has to

direction it has to be entered shifted by 180 °.be entered shifted by 180 °.

3.

3.  As the trip time of th As the trip time of the IDMT stage de IDMT stage depends on epends on the current, this ethe current, this element has to lement has to be confirmed be confirmed withwith

more than one test point. more than one test point.

4.

4. Whereas the trip time of Whereas the trip time of the "I>> stage" can be the "I>> stage" can be confirmed with only one test point.confirmed with only one test point.

5.

5. The directional behavior is tested with one shot in each zone in reverse direction.The directional behavior is tested with one shot in each zone in reverse direction.

6.

6. The value of the "I>> The value of the "I>> stage" is also confirmed by placing two stage" is also confirmed by placing two test points outside of the tolerancetest points outside of the tolerance

band of this setting. band of this setting.

Instead of directly entering the magnitude value you can express the magnitude by its relation to Instead of directly entering the magnitude value you can express the magnitude by its relation to an element setting, e.g., set

an element setting, e.g., set Relative to:Relative to: to "I>> stage" and set the factor to  to "I>> stage" and set the factor to 1.06 (i.e. 6 % above1.06 (i.e. 6 % above the threshold) or 0.94 (i.e.

the threshold) or 0.94 (i.e. 6 % below the threshold).6 % below the threshold). Note:

Note: Regarding the ways to enter and modify test data please also have a look at the Help of the Regarding the ways to enter and modify test data please also have a look at the Help of the 1 1 22 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

3.3.4

3.3.4 Directional characteristic testDirectional characteristic test

The

The Trigger Trigger  and and Load settingsLoad settings are the same as explained for the trip time characteristic test. The are the same as explained for the trip time characteristic test. The Absolute max. time

Absolute max. time can be  can be reduced, because the test current will be set reduced, because the test current will be set shortly below the lowershortly below the lower tolerance of the "I>> stage" value.

tolerance of the "I>> stage" value.

 As this test confirm

 As this test confirms the angle os the angle of the directionaf the directional characteristic, the tl characteristic, the test points have est points have to be placed oto be placed onn both sides of the directional characteristic line. In order

both sides of the directional characteristic line. In order to get a to get a correct assessment, they should becorrect assessment, they should be placed just outside of the angle tolerance.

OMICRON

OMICRON is an  is an internationinternational company serving the electrical poweral company serving the electrical power industry with innovative testing and

industry with innovative testing and diagnostidiagnostic solutions. The c solutions. The application ofapplication of OMICRON products provides users with the highest level of confidence in OMICRON products provides users with the highest level of confidence in the condition assessment of primary

the condition assessment of primary and secondary equipment on theirand secondary equipment on their systems. Services offered in

systems. Services offered in the area of the area of consulting, commissioniconsulting, commissioning,ng, testing, diagnosis, and training make the product range complete. testing, diagnosis, and training make the product range complete. Customers in more than 130 countries rely on

Customers in more than 130 countries rely on the company's ability tothe company's ability to supply leading edge technology of excellent quality. Broad

supply leading edge technology of excellent quality. Broad applicatioapplicationn knowledge and extraordinary customer support provided by offices in knowledge and extraordinary customer support provided by offices in North America, Europe, South and East Asia, and the

North America, Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East,Middle East, together with a

together with a worldwide network of distributors and worldwide network of distributors and representativrepresentatives,es, make the company a market leader in its