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Journey 29 - MAGICK AND MANDALAS

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All Mandalas m

All Mandalas make themselves. ake themselves. Mandala making is Mandala making is always participatoryalways participatory. . There are no sThere are no spectators,pectators, only participants.

only participants. The square and the circle arise in every art, from music to architecture to dance,The square and the circle arise in every art, from music to architecture to dance, drama, and clothing. Squares always involve powers-of-two subdivisions of some basic unit,

drama, and clothing. Squares always involve powers-of-two subdivisions of some basic unit, muchmuch like the octave in music.

like the octave in music. Each octave doubles the frequency of the Each octave doubles the frequency of the previous octave.previous octave.

This is all part of spiritual evolution, a prerequisite for developing those powers that allow This is all part of spiritual evolution, a prerequisite for developing those powers that allow

humanoids to jump thousands of light-years. It is valuable in itself. The aesthetic impulse defines humanoids to jump thousands of light-years. It is valuable in itself. The aesthetic impulse defines higher civilization and that is why 20th Century culture was

higher civilization and that is why 20th Century culture was not civilization, only a technologicallynot civilization, only a technologically advanced barbarism. 20th Century culture emphasized

advanced barbarism. 20th Century culture emphasized food, sex, shelter, and transportation. Afood, sex, shelter, and transportation. Allll such physical pleasures are b

such physical pleasures are brief and fleeting. We never become satiated with rief and fleeting. We never become satiated with aesthetic pleasures,aesthetic pleasures, which I define as whatever we do to avoid boredom.

which I define as whatever we do to avoid boredom. Music: The main "square" in music is the measur

Music: The main "square" in music is the measure. e. WWe subdivide the measure into powers-of-twoe subdivide the measure into powers-of-two durations of sound or silence, i.e., whole

durations of sound or silence, i.e., whole notes, half notes, quarter notes, eighth notes, sixteenthnotes, half notes, quarter notes, eighth notes, sixteenth notes and so forth, where tempo and

notes and so forth, where tempo and the time signature set the basic unit of time. A circle in musicthe time signature set the basic unit of time. A circle in music is any repeated passage or theme, from the simple tune and chorus, to theme and variation in

is any repeated passage or theme, from the simple tune and chorus, to theme and variation in classical music. The rule in making all Mandalas is that we let

classical music. The rule in making all Mandalas is that we let it create itself. It is easier for manyit create itself. It is easier for many  people (including me) to create Mandalas

 people (including me) to create Mandalas with the compass and the square, with the compass and the square, along with some freealong with some free hand improvisation. Thus, the form of the circle and

hand improvisation. Thus, the form of the circle and the square and the tools for creating the square and the tools for creating them mustthem must always be available, in every art.

always be available, in every art. W

Western music has always had the circle and estern music has always had the circle and the square, but before the the square, but before the invention of MIDIinvention of MIDI

keyboard-synthesizers and personal computers, we had no tools for the improvisational Mandala keyboard-synthesizers and personal computers, we had no tools for the improvisational Mandala  process.

 process.

Computer memory or hard disk memory is the equivalent of

Computer memory or hard disk memory is the equivalent of the sheet of paper, allowing one tothe sheet of paper, allowing one to capture and examine the Mandala, erasing some, adding more. By pre-defining the tempo and time capture and examine the Mandala, erasing some, adding more. By pre-defining the tempo and time signature, the MIDI software will transform inexact

signature, the MIDI software will transform inexact durations into powers-of-two notes withindurations into powers-of-two notes within measures. That is the equivalent of the square. The editing

measures. That is the equivalent of the square. The editing software provides the equivalent of software provides the equivalent of  eraser and compass, with repetition of passages you like, an

eraser and compass, with repetition of passages you like, an d deletion of those you don't.d deletion of those you don't.

1 1

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I created a musical M

I created a musical Mandala program for the Commodore 64. andala program for the Commodore 64. Alas, about the time I Alas, about the time I had ithad it  perfected, the Commodore 64 disappeared.

 perfected, the Commodore 64 disappeared. I rewrote the keyboard handler I rewrote the keyboard handler to play chords and toto play chords and to record the duration of a note

record the duration of a note recorded. recorded. One could pick about 4 octaves and about 16 insOne could pick about 4 octaves and about 16 instruments.truments. All the information

All the information about each note was bit packed into 2 byabout each note was bit packed into 2 bytes. tes. There was enough buffer sThere was enough buffer space topace to record more than an hour of

record more than an hour of music. music. Playback created a visual Mandala Playback created a visual Mandala on the screen that used theon the screen that used the ratio between two notes t

ratio between two notes to determine the shape and size of o determine the shape and size of the figure for that the figure for that note. note. The figures for The figures for  each note piled up on top of one another

each note piled up on top of one another, creating a lovely Mandala on t, creating a lovely Mandala on the screen. he screen. I used everyI used every trick of the computer w

trick of the computer wizard to make this program izard to make this program work. work. The program was self-The program was self-copying, if one didcopying, if one did a sys ####, where that stands for numbers I no longer remember.

a sys ####, where that stands for numbers I no longer remember. I do not play any instrument, but with practice,

I do not play any instrument, but with practice, my "fingers" learned harmonious combinations andmy "fingers" learned harmonious combinations and  phrases that pleased me. Like Mandalas in other media, the results are unusual and unlike

 phrases that pleased me. Like Mandalas in other media, the results are unusual and unlike traditional music. Relax and let the fingers create the

traditional music. Relax and let the fingers create the music. Forget about the formal rules of music. Forget about the formal rules of  composition, in case you know an

composition, in case you know anyy. Silence the memory of generations of p. Silence the memory of generations of piano teachers that keepiano teachers that keep saying, "Don’t pound on the piano!" Pound

saying, "Don’t pound on the piano!" Pound awayaway. The result will not be noise; it will amaze you. The result will not be noise; it will amaze you with its strange beauty. Select passages for repetition (the c

with its strange beauty. Select passages for repetition (the c ircle). Measures are the ircle). Measures are the square,square, consisting of one whole note worth of time,

consisting of one whole note worth of time, sub-divided up into power-of-two intervals of music or sub-divided up into power-of-two intervals of music or  silence.

silence. This same This same rule applies to rule applies to all the artsall the arts..

Can we interpret such musical Mandalas? Indeed we can, and this was a fact well known to the Can we interpret such musical Mandalas? Indeed we can, and this was a fact well known to the ancient Greeks, but has been

ancient Greeks, but has been more or less forgotten since. I shall provide a brief dictionary of themore or less forgotten since. I shall provide a brief dictionary of the elements of symbolism in music, at least the elements in harmony. I shall create a table for the first elements of symbolism in music, at least the elements in harmony. I shall create a table for the first 21 intervals. "Interval" refers to the number of steps on

21 intervals. "Interval" refers to the number of steps on the black and white kethe black and white keys from one note toys from one note to the next. In the modern well-tempered scale,

the next. In the modern well-tempered scale, the same interval, anywhere on the the same interval, anywhere on the keyboard, willkeyboard, will have the same

have the same harmonyharmony. If there . If there is no harmony, I write "d" for is no harmony, I write "d" for dissonance.dissonance.

Interval Ratio Meaning _______________________  Interval Ratio Meaning _______________________  1

1 dd nnoonnee 2

2 dd nnoonnee 3

3 55::66 tteennssiioonn, , wwoorrrry y oor r ccoommppeettiittiioonn 4

4 44::55 vvoolluuppttuuoouuss, , wwoorrllddllyy, , sseennssuuaall, , eeaarrtthhyy, , hhoott 5

5 33::44 a a RReennaaiissssaanncce e ssoouunndd, , ssaaccrreedd, , hhoolliissttiicc 6

6 dd nnoonnee 7

7 22::33 tthhe e ccrreeaattiioon n oof f oocceeaanns s aannd d ggaallaaxxyy. . MMuussiic c oof f tthhe e ggooddss.. 8

8 dd nnoonnee 9

9 33::55 eexxttrreemmees s oof f ccrreeaattiioonn, , ddeessttrruuccttiioon n oor r ssttaattuus s qquuoo 1

100 55::99 mmyyssttiiccaal pl paatthh, a, annootthheer sr saaccrreed ad annd sd sppiirriittuuaal il inntteerrvvaall 1

111 77::1133 ssoouunnd d oof f tthhe e wwiizzaarrd d oor r ooccccuullttiisstt 1

122 11::22 ssaamme e nnootte e iin n tthhe e nneexxt t ooccttaavvee 1

133 77::115 5 ddiisshaharrmmoony ny lliikke e iinntteerrvaval l 11 1

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1

199 11::33 wwhhoolly y ttrriinniittyy, , vveerry y nniiccee 2

200 44::1133 bbrrooooddiinng g aannd d rreelleennttlleessss 2

211 33::1100 ccoossmmoos s aannd d ccoossmmoollooggyy There, that is the end of my

There, that is the end of my table. A table. A few mea culpas are in few mea culpas are in orderorder. I determined the ratios and . I determined the ratios and thethe frequencies with a small program that sets A

frequencies with a small program that sets A to 440 cps, and then to 440 cps, and then uses the twelfth root of two as theuses the twelfth root of two as the multiplier or divider to go up or down

multiplier or divider to go up or down the scale. Thus, twelve steps will double or halve the scale. Thus, twelve steps will double or halve thethe frequency

frequency, producing the octave, the same note in a higher or lower register. , producing the octave, the same note in a higher or lower register. This is true only if weThis is true only if we use all the white and

use all the white and black keys, in other words, black keys, in other words, the chromatic scale. the chromatic scale. The modern well-temperedThe modern well-tempered scale is a geometric

scale is a geometric progression, mathematically speaking. Tuners may not stick to progression, mathematically speaking. Tuners may not stick to it exactlyit exactly, for , for  reasons of their own.

reasons of their own.

 Not all the ratios are exact. If they are

 Not all the ratios are exact. If they are within one percent of a ratio awithin one percent of a ratio and there are no other ratiosnd there are no other ratios closer, I considered it a match. There really are "lost chords," that is, chords that cann

closer, I considered it a match. There really are "lost chords," that is, chords that cann ot be playedot be played in W

in Western music. Dissonance is estern music. Dissonance is not necessarily meaningless. Not all not necessarily meaningless. Not all dissonance is the same. Thedissonance is the same. Therere were times when medieval music used dissonance, and 20th Century "serious" music also used it. were times when medieval music used dissonance, and 20th Century "serious" music also used it.  Not all harmonies are "sweet." If it is a rational nu

 Not all harmonies are "sweet." If it is a rational number, and has a definite feel to it, I wrote itmber, and has a definite feel to it, I wrote it down, sweet or

down, sweet or soursour. A "sour" harmony is still very different from a dissonance. Feel . A "sour" harmony is still very different from a dissonance. Feel free tofree to interpret the "meaning" for yourself.

interpret the "meaning" for yourself.

Architecture: Renaissance and Gothic Masons and architect created

Architecture: Renaissance and Gothic Masons and architect created their designs using nothing buttheir designs using nothing but the compass and square, so I've

the compass and square, so I've heard. I don't know if that heard. I don't know if that is true, but however they did it, Gothicis true, but however they did it, Gothic and Renaissance cathedrals and chu

and Renaissance cathedrals and churches are Mandalas, at least in their use of thrches are Mandalas, at least in their use of the compass and thee compass and the square. W

square. We create the pointed arch e create the pointed arch with a compass, just as with a round with a compass, just as with a round arch. If any architect wishesarch. If any architect wishes to try Mandala architecture, they are pretty much on

to try Mandala architecture, they are pretty much on their own, and will have to their own, and will have to rediscover or rediscover or  invent the tools and techniques.

invent the tools and techniques.

The computer has at least made it easier for building engineers to make curved shapes and get away The computer has at least made it easier for building engineers to make curved shapes and get away from the box. There are finite element programs which will do

from the box. There are finite element programs which will do the engineering for you, and that the engineering for you, and that isis how Frank Gehry succeeded in making curved shapes in his Guggenheim museums. The one at how Frank Gehry succeeded in making curved shapes in his Guggenheim museums. The one at Bilbao is a tourist attraction,

Bilbao is a tourist attraction, and it may be and it may be the first 21st Century piece the first 21st Century piece of architecture. The Walof architecture. The Waltt Disney concert hall in

Disney concert hall in Los Angeles is another superb creation Los Angeles is another superb creation by Frank Gehry, and it is very muchby Frank Gehry, and it is very much of the 21st Century.

of the 21st Century.

Since I have never made a Mandala building, all I have are a few suggestions. Do the ground plan Since I have never made a Mandala building, all I have are a few suggestions. Do the ground plan and the side views of the building as drawn Mandalas. Then use the finite element software to see and the side views of the building as drawn Mandalas. Then use the finite element software to see how to build it. Each element added or subtracted would be a 3-d piece of the building, using the how to build it. Each element added or subtracted would be a 3-d piece of the building, using the drawing tools. The elements and sub-elements would allow curved shapes that are rotated curves, drawing tools. The elements and sub-elements would allow curved shapes that are rotated curves, or double curved objects. It would

or double curved objects. It would allow rectangular pieces as details or as 3-d challow rectangular pieces as details or as 3-d chunks, limited tounks, limited to  powers of two of some basic unit. One idea would be to create the rotated curves in clay on a  powers of two of some basic unit. One idea would be to create the rotated curves in clay on a  potter's wheel.

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surface of some Mosques. Why can't we do that? Why can't we

surface of some Mosques. Why can't we do that? Why can't we have color and graceful have color and graceful curvedcurved arches? The utilitarian architecture of the 20th Century has a brutalizing

arches? The utilitarian architecture of the 20th Century has a brutalizing effect on its inhabitants.effect on its inhabitants. Dance: In Wes

Dance: In Western culture, we tern culture, we do not find do not find Mandala characteristics in the Mandala characteristics in the "high-culture" classical"high-culture" classical traditions of dance, designer clothing or drama. We find them in the folk traditions. I refer to square traditions of dance, designer clothing or drama. We find them in the folk traditions. I refer to square dancing, quilt making and popular festivals such as Carnival.

dancing, quilt making and popular festivals such as Carnival.

It is quite easy to find the "square" and the "circle" in square dancing. In traditional western square It is quite easy to find the "square" and the "circle" in square dancing. In traditional western square dancing, the entire room is organized into man

dancing, the entire room is organized into many squares, each of which has four cy squares, each of which has four couples, who startouples, who start  by facing inward towards a center point for

 by facing inward towards a center point for that square. Sometimes they dance as four couples,that square. Sometimes they dance as four couples, spatially arranged as a

spatially arranged as a square, as in square, as in "swing-your-part"swing-your-partner." Each square periodically forms a ner." Each square periodically forms a circle,circle, as in "all join hands" or a

as in "all join hands" or a moving circle, as in "allemande left, right amoving circle, as in "allemande left, right and left hands." Sometimesnd left hands." Sometimes there are "formation" calls such as "Texas Star

there are "formation" calls such as "Texas Star, ladies to the middle," in , ladies to the middle," in which the ladies join allwhich the ladies join all four left hands in the middle of the square.

four left hands in the middle of the square.

The improvisational element comes from the caller, who can put the

The improvisational element comes from the caller, who can put the various moves known to thevarious moves known to the group together in any order. The equivalent of the "sheet of paper"

group together in any order. The equivalent of the "sheet of paper" is a list of the calls. In other is a list of the calls. In other  words, it is easy to reproduce a dance, or modify it.

words, it is easy to reproduce a dance, or modify it.

Please don't think that square dancing is just for older folks, where the women wear countless Please don't think that square dancing is just for older folks, where the women wear countless  petticoats and everyone dresses alike. When I was in high school (admittedly a small country high  petticoats and everyone dresses alike. When I was in high school (admittedly a small country high

school in the Oklahoma prairie), square dance

school in the Oklahoma prairie), square dance parties were one of our favorite forms of parties were one of our favorite forms of  entertainment, and we just wore blue jeans and our normal school clothing.

entertainment, and we just wore blue jeans and our normal school clothing. W

We can square e can square dance to andance to any music that has y music that has a rhythm. Try it with rock and a rhythm. Try it with rock and roll. Try it with the soundroll. Try it with the sound track of the movie

track of the movie "Trainspotting." T"Trainspotting." Try it with New Age music. Folk ry it with New Age music. Folk arts have advantages arts have advantages andand disadvantages. One disadvantage is that tradition can

disadvantages. One disadvantage is that tradition can become rather fixed and inflexible.become rather fixed and inflexible.

A square dance club can improvise further by inventing new steps or "formations." Clog dancing is A square dance club can improvise further by inventing new steps or "formations." Clog dancing is one form of square dancing that

one form of square dancing that differs from other square dancing only in the kind of differs from other square dancing only in the kind of "step" used."step" used. Don't let existing forms of square dancing inhibit your imagination. All that is essential is the circle Don't let existing forms of square dancing inhibit your imagination. All that is essential is the circle and the square, dancers maintaining ph

and the square, dancers maintaining ph ysical contact with one another, with a caller to introduce anysical contact with one another, with a caller to introduce an improvisational element, and all dancers making the

improvisational element, and all dancers making the same moves at the same time, so no same moves at the same time, so no one feelsone feels self-conscious.

self-conscious.

Mandala making is never self-conscious, and requires reaching

Mandala making is never self-conscious, and requires reaching a level of pure feeling, ba level of pure feeling, beyondeyond thought. No thought is required on the part of the dancers. Mandala dancing becomes an expression thought. No thought is required on the part of the dancers. Mandala dancing becomes an expression of the collective self.

of the collective self.

It is also important that Mandala making in an

It is also important that Mandala making in any medium be something anyone can y medium be something anyone can do. It takes a lotdo. It takes a lot of skill and practice to do some

of skill and practice to do some of the more showy moves of either ballroom or rock of the more showy moves of either ballroom or rock and rolland roll dancing.

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The basic moves and steps are

The basic moves and steps are easyeasy, and since everyone , and since everyone in the room is doing exactly the in the room is doing exactly the same thingsame thing at the same time, there is none

at the same time, there is none of that fear that everyone is watching the of that fear that everyone is watching the dancer that inflict many of dancer that inflict many of  us on the dance floor. The square dancer doesn't have

us on the dance floor. The square dancer doesn't have to be inventive. He or to be inventive. He or she only has to listen toshe only has to listen to the caller.

the caller.

Cloth: The second folk art is quilting. It has all the e

Cloth: The second folk art is quilting. It has all the e lements of the Mandala, including the clements of the Mandala, including the circle,ircle, the square and improvisation. Quilting has to do

the square and improvisation. Quilting has to do with clothing only in the sense that the with clothing only in the sense that the medium ismedium is cloth. The traditional quilt is something put on the bed,

cloth. The traditional quilt is something put on the bed, or, if a rare and expensive antique, on or, if a rare and expensive antique, on thethe wall. We can just as easily sew a square onto jackets, skirts, pants, bags, flags or robes, and quilters wall. We can just as easily sew a square onto jackets, skirts, pants, bags, flags or robes, and quilters often do this.

often do this.

The quilter can make banners o

The quilter can make banners or flags by sewing the pieces together with a r flags by sewing the pieces together with a layer of black paper tolayer of black paper to  provide reinforcement. In this case, there is no "q

 provide reinforcement. In this case, there is no "quilting," a term that refers to the stuffing in theuilting," a term that refers to the stuffing in the middle layer of a quilt, adding bulk

middle layer of a quilt, adding bulk and warmth.and warmth.

Traditional quilts were a frugal way of making use of worn-out, castoff or outgrown clothing. The Traditional quilts were a frugal way of making use of worn-out, castoff or outgrown clothing. The improvisational part mostly comes in the selection of colors and designs of c

improvisational part mostly comes in the selection of colors and designs of c loth. Quilting was alsoloth. Quilting was also a communal activity. I am not a

a communal activity. I am not a quilter myself, but my grandmother quilter myself, but my grandmother was. Twas. Today we recognize oday we recognize quiltsquilts as works of art.

as works of art.

The formal elements of quilting make use of both the "circle" (repeated elements, many small The formal elements of quilting make use of both the "circle" (repeated elements, many small  pieces cut to the same pattern) and the "square," i.e. power-of-two relationships between lengths. I  pieces cut to the same pattern) and the "square," i.e. power-of-two relationships between lengths. I

know a few of the man

know a few of the many primary patterns in quilting, used to make each y primary patterns in quilting, used to make each block. Sew many blocksblock. Sew many blocks together to make a quilt, or sew one onto a robe or jacket or purse. Many blocks sewn together  together to make a quilt, or sew one onto a robe or jacket or purse. Many blocks sewn together  form the top level of a quilt. The stitching that h

form the top level of a quilt. The stitching that h olds all three layers of a quilt has its own separateolds all three layers of a quilt has its own separate  beauty and pattern.

 beauty and pattern.

One primary pattern is the "monkey wrench." Start with four small squares of two contrasting One primary pattern is the "monkey wrench." Start with four small squares of two contrasting fabrics. Sew these together to make a larger square. Then be

fabrics. Sew these together to make a larger square. Then be gin adding right triangles, alternatinggin adding right triangles, alternating the same two contrasting fabrics. Sew the hypotenuse of the

the same two contrasting fabrics. Sew the hypotenuse of the triangle to the edge of the triangle to the edge of the previousprevious square. In this way

square. In this way, we make a , we make a sequence of circumscribing and rotated squares, as sequence of circumscribing and rotated squares, as the square growsthe square grows larger.

larger.

Repeated folding of freezer paper is used

Repeated folding of freezer paper is used to create some designs. A sto create some designs. A single pattern is cut out of theingle pattern is cut out of the folded paper that when unfolded

folded paper that when unfolded provides a block pattern with 4-fold or 8provides a block pattern with 4-fold or 8-fold central symmetry-fold central symmetry.. W

We then iron it onto the e then iron it onto the cloth to provide a pattern for cutting.cloth to provide a pattern for cutting. Drama: The third folk art is drama. Mandala drama has n

Drama: The third folk art is drama. Mandala drama has n othing to do with performance on othing to do with performance on a stagea stage for an audience. All Mandala-making is

for an audience. All Mandala-making is participatoryparticipatory. Mandala . Mandala dramas are the traditional dramas are the traditional folk folk   processionals and rituals of Carnival or other religious days still practiced in the Latin n

 processionals and rituals of Carnival or other religious days still practiced in the Latin n ations, andations, and in Japan

in Japan and India. The and India. The WWestern and estern and non-Wnon-Western "Carnivals" aestern "Carnivals" are surprisingly similar, tapping there surprisingly similar, tapping the universal patterns of the collective unconscious.

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mythological basis. Sometimes the final act is to burn the large figures, accompanied

mythological basis. Sometimes the final act is to burn the large figures, accompanied by fireworks.by fireworks. One is acutely aware of the fact that

One is acutely aware of the fact that Puritans founded this countryPuritans founded this country, since the only Carnival here , since the only Carnival here isis in the predominately French and Catholic portions of the

in the predominately French and Catholic portions of the countrycountry, e.g. Louisiana., e.g. Louisiana. Our Carnivals are nothing compared to the

Our Carnivals are nothing compared to the extravagance in other countries. We must lose our extravagance in other countries. We must lose our  inhibitions, get in touch with metaphysical and mythological themes, and learn to express. inhibitions, get in touch with metaphysical and mythological themes, and learn to express. Ex-Puritans will have to consciously re-invent Carnival, or similar processionals celebrating New Puritans will have to consciously re-invent Carnival, or similar processionals celebrating New Y

Year's or the Fourth ear's or the Fourth of Julyof July. Like . Like square dancing, processional square dancing, processional is a Mandala is a Mandala of the collectiveof the collective unconscious of the group. Processionals or dramas are also

unconscious of the group. Processionals or dramas are also part of Mandala magick.part of Mandala magick.

When it comes to both dancing and drama, our Puritan roots show. American culture has many When it comes to both dancing and drama, our Puritan roots show. American culture has many roots and that is our strength, even if a

roots and that is our strength, even if at times it threatens to split us into many warring tribes. Rock t times it threatens to split us into many warring tribes. Rock  and roll springs from African-American and Irish roots in

and roll springs from African-American and Irish roots in our culture. The New Age movement our culture. The New Age movement of of  the 1960s is unimaginable without rock and

the 1960s is unimaginable without rock and roll. Despite the excesses (especially with drugs) androll. Despite the excesses (especially with drugs) and the absurdities of the New Age, some real change began

the absurdities of the New Age, some real change began in the sixties.in the sixties. A true New Age will be a tapestry with threads

A true New Age will be a tapestry with threads from every culture, including from every culture, including that of the Firstthat of the First  Nations. The Navaho still have elaborate festivals that last for days that involve making the  Nations. The Navaho still have elaborate festivals that last for days that involve making the

elaborate paintings of colored sand that are

elaborate paintings of colored sand that are certainly Mandalas. Why can't we claim some of thosecertainly Mandalas. Why can't we claim some of those rites and make them our own? Would the Navaho object? I do not know. I can only say the

rites and make them our own? Would the Navaho object? I do not know. I can only say the MandalaMandala  philosophy combined with our varied ancestry offers us a richness of cultural possibilities.

 philosophy combined with our varied ancestry offers us a richness of cultural possibilities. W

We can even mine e can even mine our European roots for folk rituals, mostly surviving in small towns of Spain,our European roots for folk rituals, mostly surviving in small towns of Spain, Portugal, Italy and Mexico. W

Portugal, Italy and Mexico. We now have mane now have many immigrants from the Far East, so why not mine our y immigrants from the Far East, so why not mine our  East Indian, Japanese and Chinese roots as

East Indian, Japanese and Chinese roots as well? Lose your self in the greater Self. Tap the deeper well? Lose your self in the greater Self. Tap the deeper  roots of consciousness, and express ONE in motion.

roots of consciousness, and express ONE in motion. There is really nothing more important than the arts.

There is really nothing more important than the arts. That seems a strange statement in aThat seems a strange statement in a mechanical-technological age that has deliberately

mechanical-technological age that has deliberately repudiated decorative arts. repudiated decorative arts. But it is true But it is true in ain a civilization, where all the physical needs are met,

civilization, where all the physical needs are met, and life consists in doing whatever we do and life consists in doing whatever we do to keepto keep from being bored.

from being bored. That is the life of the That is the life of the Aesthete, but it is also the life of spiritualiAesthete, but it is also the life of spiritualityty, since true art, since true art and spirituality can never be separated.

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Compared to greater Pakistan, the FATA is suffering from lower levels of investment in health capital, education and economic development?. All of these factors contribute to

The optical absorption coefficient of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon was determined in a spectral range 400–3100 nm and a temperature range 77–350 K. Transmittance measurement

Held: The 5 well-settled instances when a warrantless search and seizure of property is valid, are as follows: (1) warrantless search incidental to a lawful arrest recognized

Activation maps (left side) and beta-estimates (right side) for areas that showed a differential activation as a function of both task (absorption vs. analytical) and video