International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2019)
128
Design of Wideband Monopole Square Microstrip Patch
Antenna: Review
Mahesh Shankar Pandey
1, Dr. Virendra Singh Chaudhry
21Research Scholar, 2Professor Electronics and Communication, RKDF University Gandhinagar Bhopal, India
Abstract- A wireless system has become a part of modern human life now a day. Most of devices around utilize wireless system. An antenna is a fundamental component essential for wireless communication framework. Antenna is electrical equipment which is used to transmit electromagnetic signal into the space by transforming the electric power given at the input into the radio waves at the transmitter side and the antenna intercepts these radio waves and converts them back into the electrical power at receiver side. There are such huge numbers of systems that utilizes antenna, for example, remote controlled TV, mobile phones, satellite communication, rocket, radars, wireless telephones and wireless computer systems. Day by Day new wireless devices are introducing which increasing demand of compact antennas. Increment in the satellite communication and utilization of antennas in the air ship and rocket has likewise expanded the demands a low profile that can give a reliable communication. In this examination brief a review on wideband monopole microstrip patch antenna design.
Keywords- Patch Antenna, Microstrip, Wideband Monopole Antenna.
I. INTRODUCTION
Numerous applications like automated highways, wireless sensor, telemedicine and aircrafts have developed as of late on the antenna. Wireless communication systems changed over as a piece of regular daily existence. In the first developed wireless networks signals were communicated with smoke and flashing lights and the sending information was line of sight distance. The first communication was changed by telegraph networking and after the telephone. The quickly developing advancements permitted transmission over an enormous distance with best quality and low power, little devices empowering private and open communication over wireless innovation. The next communication was a revolution of satellite communication using the microwave frequencies to operate. In the time of 1930 the microwave communication was first begun. Satellite communication gives high data rates at high frequency. Audio and video propagation over a large area is the main application of satellites communication. Antenna is the fundamental parts in any communication framework.
For the wide band applications the created designs with low profile, ease, high gain and low loss antennas are desired.
Microstrip is also referred as patch antenna. In now daily microstrip antenna found such huge numbers of utilizations in numerous fields and ending up increasingly well known because of a few advantages. It has the advantage of being a low profile antenna and easy to manufacture by using modern printed circuit technology that makes it best suitable candidate for the handheld and mobile equipment.
Fig.1.1 Microstrip antenna (a) top view, (b) Electrical field lines,(c) Equivalent length.
Microstrip antennas have two metallic plates one is patch and other one is ground plane. Patch is on one side of dielectric substrate and opposite side ground plane is put. The top view and side perspective on patch antenna is appeared in Fig 1.1. Normally we require great transmitter for transmission of signals just as for gathering, so as to fulfill this criteria we are going for copper or gold metal as a radiating component in microstrip antenna.
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2019)
129
Microstrip or patch antenna can be design with any shape and any size, for instance the essential and for the most part utilized shapes are square, trapezoidal, rectangular, round, circular, ring shape, triangular, or some other geometry. Some decisive types of microstrip patch components are illustrated in Fig 1.2. In spite of the fact that in the majority of the cases utilize square, square shape, strip, and round as the radiating component in view of the advantages that they can without much of a stretch investigation by the hypothetical models and symmetric structure, likewise exceptionally simple to apply different bandwidth improvement strategies on it.
Fig.1.2 Different shapes of microstrip patch antennas.
II. FUNDAMENTALS OF ANTENNA
Different sorts of utilization requires antenna with various parameters. A cellular mobile communication system require a circular polarized antenna with high gain and for satellite communication is required a high directive antenna in downlink. The performance and selection criteria of an antenna is characterize based on certain parameters these are Radiation, Bandwidth, Pattern, Polarization Efficiency, Gain. These parameters are described in brief below:
Radiation Patterns:
The graphical representation of radiation pattern of an antenna radiated power is known as Far-Field Pattern or Antenna Pattern at a fixed distance from the antenna. Antenna pattern is a function of elevation and azimuth angle. The antenna pattern shows distribution of power in the space. For simplification and to reduce complexity the radiation pattern can be drawn in 2D plane for different azimuth and elevation angle.
It is great to plot the radiation patterns in Cartesian (rectangular) arranges, particularly when antenna radiation pattern comprises of various side flaps and where these side projections levels assumes a significant job. There are different types of antenna patterns are given as follows: a. Directional Antennas
b. Omnidirectional Antennas: c. Isotropic radiator:
Field Regions:
The radiations from antennas are varies as waking apart from the antenna. The field regions can be categorized in Far field region and Near Field (Fresnel) Region. Far field region is the region beyond the Fraunhofer distance called Fraunhofer region. Field region is a region that the radiation patter does not change with the distance.
Directivity:
Directivity of an antenna demonstrates that how much the antenna can radiate in a specific provided direction. It is a fundamental requirement when antenna is filling in as a receiver. In the event that an antenna radiates uniformaly in all direction, at that point the directivity of antenna is 1 or when estimated concerning isotropic antenna is 0dB. Directivity in its straightforward structure can be portrayed as the examination of greatest radiation intensity to average radiation intensity.
Gain:
Antenna Gain is also known as Power gain or just Gain. This consolidates of antenna proficiency and directivity. For a transmitting antenna it demonstrates how productively antenna can radiate the given power into space in a specific direction. While if there should be an occurrence of receiving antenna it indicates how well the antenna is to change over the received electromagnetic waves into electrical power.
Antenna Bandwidth:
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2019)
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III. LITERATURE REVIEW
SR.
NO. TITLE AUTHOR YEAR APPROACH
1
Wideband CP
Polarization and Pattern Reconfigurable
Antennas,
J. Yang, W. Lin and H. Wong 2018
A survey of literature review of innovative wideband CP polarization and pattern reconfigurable antennas has reported in this examination work
2
Design and performance analysis of an UWB patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth characteristics
M. S. Soliman, M. O. Dwairi and
A. A. Alahmadi 2018
An ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole patch antenna has reported in this work with enhanced bandwidth performance
3
Design of compact microstrip
omnidirectional
wideband monopole antenna
O. Bhunia and B. Maity 2017
A newly proposed microstrip omnidirectional monopole antenna has been discussed about with defected ground plane in this work
4
Design and performance analysis of an ultra-wideband monopole microstrip patch antenna
with enhanced
bandwidth and single band-notched
characteristics
M. A. S. zahrani, O. I. S. Al-qahtani, F. D. M. Al-sheheri, A. S. M. Qarhosh, A. M. Al-zahrani
and M. S. Soliman,
2017
The design and performance analysis of an ultra-wideband monopole microstrip patch antenna has been reported in this work with enhanced bandwidth and narrow notched band characteristics
5
Trapezoidal antenna with triple band-notched for UWB applications
V. K. Dhanesh and P. R.
Anurenjan 2016
A novel compact microstrip-fed triple band-notched monopole UWB Antenna has been reported in this work
6
A novel design dual band-notch small square monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth for UWB application
A. Garg, D. Kumar, P. K. Dhaker
and I. B. Sharma 2015
A novel compact microstrip-fed triple band-notched UWB monopole Aantenna has been reported in this work
7
Single Band-Notched UWB Square Monopole Antenna with Double U-slot and Key Shaped Slot
A. Sudhakar, M. Satyanarayana,
M. S. Prakash and S. K. Sharma, 2015
A printed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) compact antenna with single band-notched design with characteristics of size 18mm× 12mm on FR4 substrate is reported in this work
J. Yang, et.al., [1] This examination work an extensive review on innovative wideband pattern reconfigurable and CP polarization antennas has been provides. In this work initially, two wideband CP reconfigurable broadside radiation patterns antennas are presented.
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Second, as opposed to delivering the broadside radiation pattern, a wideband CP reconfigurable wheel-shaped antenna with the cone shaped beam pattern is presented, which is intended for geostationary satellite applications. Third, in addition to the polarization reconfigurable, a wideband CP antenna with switchable broadside and conelike beam patterns is exhibited, which energizes both TMn and TM21 modes on an annular opened roundabout patch radiator. All the above CP polarization and pattern reconfigurable antennas are attractive for the rising wireless communication systems, particularly the satellite communication systems.
M. S. Soliman et.al.,[2] this examination work a monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna has been introduced with improved bandwidth performance . A square radiator and fed by a microstrip feed line is adopted by the reference state of art model antenna. The partial ground plane is located opposite side of the substrate. A trapezoidal space setup with legitimate measurement has been embedded to upper edge of the partial ground plane under the feed line to alter the reference antenna bandwidth attributes. Additionally, in order to achieve another bandwidth improvement two rectangular shapes have been cut from the edge of the square patch. The simulation and analysis of results illustrate that the bandwidth of antenna with respect to the reference antenna is 122.49 % while for the last antenna model is 147.28 %. The antenna greatest gain, radiation attributes, radiation productivity, and gathering delay qualities are likewise researched.
O. Bhunia et.al., [3] the cutting edge microwave communication systems nowadays require wide bandwidth, high gain and small antenna measure to improve the presentation over a wide range of frequencies. This research work has been examined about a recently proposed microstrip omnidirectional monopole antenna with absconded ground plane. The scaled down antenna measurement and the full frequency of the monopole structures are about 18.48 × 21.18 mm and 5.4 GHz separately. In this proposed microstrip antenna, there are scores consecutively embeddings with reasonable sizes and position. Excellent radiation and impedance attributes have accomplished by embeddings the scores on two corners of the semi square radiating patch. The parameters frequency of the acknowledged antenna impedance bandwidth has estimated from 5.3 to 22.5 GHz for VSWR esteem is under 1.5. Because of the utilization of the microstrip line feeding, increment in the gain 15.18 dB at 19.3 GHz and accomplished - 21.73 dB, 0.33 GHz return the loss and BW individually. And furthermore proposed opening antenna gain 4.41 dB, 1.95 dB for 5.4 GHz and 14.9 GHz frequency separately.
The VSWR has been accomplished under 1.5 for both without the spaces, with opening and surrendered ground. We have introduced and talked about the improvement procedure of the radiation properties, the impedance bandwidth and the gain for this proposed microstrip omnidirectional antenna.
M. A. S. Al-zahrani et.al.,[4] This work shows the design and execution investigation of a ultra-wideband monopole microstrip patch antenna with improved bandwidth and limited scored band attributes. The reference antenna is a monopole type with a square radiator mounted on a FR4-epoxy substrate and fed by a microstrip feed line. The opposite side of the substrate has a partial ground plane. A reversed arch space has been cut in the upper edge of the partial ground plane under the feed line. The antenna bandwidth has been expanded by 31.73%. Two C shapes: C-eye to eye and C-consecutive arrangements have been carved with a distance of 0.25 mm from the focal point of the partial ground plane under the feed line. The C-face to face and personal design causes a solitary narrowband-indent from 6.26 GHz to 7.28 GHz. In any case, the C-consecutive arrangement makes another distinctive single band-score from 9.85 GHz to 11.46 GHz. Parametric investigation is done to appraise the best possible elements of the proposed antennas. The proposed antennas are explored utilizing CST-EM programming bundle in terms of the antennas various parameters including impedance bandwidth attributes, radiation patterns, antennas' gain, and radiation productivity.
V. K. Dhanesh et.al., [5] Reported a novel smaller microstrip-fed triple band-indented UWB monopole Aantenna. The designed antenna has a microstrip fed trapezoidal radiating patch and three indistinguishable square part ring resonators. Score bands around the 3.3-3.8 GHz WiMAX and 5.15-5.85 GHz WLAN frequencies are gotten by carving three indistinguishable correlative square part ring resonators (CSRRs) in the radiation patch of various elements of the antenna. Indent bands around the 7.9-8.4 GHz X-band frequencies is gotten by setting two rectangular split-ring resonators (SRRs) close to the feedline-patch intersection of the antenna. The designed antenna has the figure-of-eight radiation pattern, wide bandwidth, and irrelevant scattering over the working frequency band. Subtleties of the proposed antenna design and the simulated and estimated results are displayed and talked about.
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
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The proposed antenna comprises of a little square radiating patch with Π-shaped and W-shaped spaces cut inside the square radiating patch and a ground plane with a couple of C-shaped openings, which give a broad partial bandwidth of over 119% (3.0-11.8GHz). To acknowledge band-score execution Π-shaped and W-shaped spaces cut inside the square radiating patch and we can control band-indent attributes, for example, band-indent frequency and its bandwidth by changing elements of Π-shaped and W-shaped slots. The proposed design of antenna has a small size 12×18 mm2. The simulated outcomes uncover that the exhibited band-indent square monopole antenna offers a wide bandwidth with double band scored covering 3.3/4.2 GHz WiMAX and 5/5.96GHz WLAN. The Antenna Complies with the Return loss S11<; - 10 dB and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) <; 2 all through impedance bandwidth.
A. Sudhakar et.al., [7] A compact printed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with single band-notched attributes of size 18mm× 12mm on FR4 substrate isreported. The reported antenna comprises of a couple of cuts and two U openings with a key shaped space joined with one of the U space. This gives a wide band width from 4.4 to 11.7 GHz with single band frequency score from 5.2 to 5.8 GHz to keep away from interference of UWB band with the current systems. In this examination variety of frequency indented attributes are talked about by joining the key shaped opening with U spaces. The design parameters and the exhibition of the reported antenna are broke down by utilizing HFSS. The antenna shows a decent omnidirectional radiation pattern since it has square radiating patch. The deliberate and simulated outcomes are in great understanding.
IV. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The normal shapes of the microstrip patch are rectangular, square, roundabout, triangular, and so on. The sum total of what these have been hypothetically contemplated and there are settled design formulae for every one of them. Antenna design is a creative errand where new sorts of antenna are examined. Thus, here another shape of microstrip patch antenna is designed which will cover the whole Ultra Wide Band. One of the serious issue for wideband systems are electromagnetic interference (EMI) from existing frequency bands, on the grounds that there are numerous different wireless narrowband application that are assigned for various frequencies band in the wideband band.
Therefore it is fundamental for the designer to design the wideband antenna they can reflect the interference from the other existing bands. To beat this interference issue wideband antennas ought to have band notches hence they can dismiss the current frequency bands inside the ultra-wide band.
V. CONCLUSION
This examination work exhibits a broad overview of writing on design of wideband monopole microstrip patch antennas. In the course of the last decade wireless communication systems continued captivating the designers subsequently accepting a great deal of considerations because of their inalienable advantages, for example, comfort, ease and simplicity of design and fabrication. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) are being universally recognized as a conservative, adaptable, monetary and fast data availability arrangement. This leads to an outgrowth of microstrip patch antennas. Patch antenna comprises of a straightforward geometry and simple to demonstrate. Patch antenna offers various advantages which typically don't find in the customary antennas. As the measure of the patch is little it very well may be fabricated in huge quantity. Patch antennas bolster both linear and non linear polarization. These are precisely robust and the manufacture cost brought about is less.
REFERENCES
[1] J. Yang, W. Lin and H. Wong, "Wideband CP Polarization and Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas," 2018 IEEE International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics (ICCEM), Chengdu, 2018, pp. 1-2.
[2] M. S. Soliman, M. O. Dwairi and A. A. Alahmadi, "Design and performance analysis of an UWB patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth characteristics," 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2018), London, 2018, pp. 1-4
[3] O. Bhunia and B. Maity, "Design of compact microstrip omnidirectional wideband monopole antenna," 2017 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), Chennai, 2017, pp. 0889-0893.]
[4] K. Dhanesh and P. R. Anurenjan, "Trapezoidal antenna with triple band-notched for UWB applications," 2016 IEEE Annual India Conference (INDICON), Bangalore, 2016, pp. 1-5. doi: 10.1109/INDICON.2016.7838941.
[5] Garg, D. Kumar, P. K. Dhaker and I. B. Sharma, "A novel design dual band-notch small square monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth for UWB application," 2015 International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control (IC4), Indore, 2015, pp. 1-5 [6] Sudhakar, M. Satyanarayana, M. S. Prakash and S. K. Sharma,
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2019)
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[7] K. P. Ray, S. S. Thakur and R. A. Deshmukh, "Broadbanding a printed rectangular monopole antenna," 2009 Applied Electromagnetics Conference (AEMC), Kolkata, 2009
[8] A. A. Deshmukh, P. Mohadikar, P. Zaveri, K. Lele, A. Parvez and G. Panchal, "Ultra-wideband modified rectangular microstrip antenna," 2016 Online International Conference on Green Engineering and Technologies (IC-GET), Coimbatore, pp. 1-4, 2016. [9] R. P. Labade, N. Pishoroty, S. B. Deosarkar, A. Malahotra and M. B. Kadu, "Design and optimization of rectangular UWB Antenna at lower edge frequency," 2013 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), Mumbai, 2013
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[11] P. V. Anob, K. P. Ray and G. Kumar, "Wideband orthogonal square monopole antennas with semi-circular base," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 2001 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37229), Boston, MA, USA, 2001, pp. 294-297 vol.3. [12] Lihong Wang, liyun Yan and Wenmei Zhang, "Research and design
