Beginning with New Testament Greek

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Beginning with New Testament Greek

Lesson 21: Infinitives

Introduction

If you’re worried about lots more paradigms, we’re nearly done. The worst is definitely behind you! The paradigm in this chapter is fairly simple.

Learn

The infinitive paradigm below is all we’ll focus on for the moment. Use the

translation exercises to get used to how infinitives are used and we’ll cover them in more detail in our Reading Greek course in real passages.

Notice that the endings listed include the morphemes, which you should be able to spot are much the same as what you saw with the indicatives and participles.

So if we take out the morphemes, there are really only a handful of endings to learn, ειν (always active, either present or 2^nd aorist), σθαι (always middle or passive) and ναι (aorist passive or perfect active if there is no morpheme). If you can remember that, there really isn’t much to remember for the morphology of the infinitive. Since infinitives are so common, you shouldn’t need to spend much time with this chart.

Tense Voice Infinitive Full ending Learn as

Present Active

λύειν ειν

Middle/Passive

λύεσθαι εσθαι

1^st Aorist

Active

λῦσαι σαι σαι

Middle

λῦσασθαι σασθαι

Passive

λυθῆναι θηναι

2^nd Aorist

Active

λαβεῖν ειν

Middle

λαβέσθαι εσθαι

Passive

γραφῆναι ηναι

Perfect Active

λελυκέναι κεναι

Middle/Passive

λελύσθαι σθαι

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Infinitive Chart

Tense Voice Infinitive Full ending Learn as

Present Active

Middle/Passive 1^st Aorist Active

Middle Passive 2^nd Aorist

Active Middle Passive Perfect Active

Middle/Passive

Tense Voice Infinitive Full ending Learn as

Present Active

Middle/Passive 1^st Aorist

Active Middle Passive 2^nd Aorist Active

Middle Passive Perfect Active

Middle/Passive

Tense Voice Infinitive Full ending Learn as

Present Active

Middle/Passive 1^st Aorist Active

Middle Passive 2^nd Aorist Active

Middle Passive Perfect Active

Middle/Passive

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Review

Use ParseGreek to review the concepts and practice your parsing on the vocabulary and concepts in this chapter. Once you feel you’ve mastered the concepts and the words for this chapter, add in the vocabulary for lessons 1-21 and practice parsing. Then when you’re fairly consistent in your parsing, add in the concepts for previous chapters and practice all of it. Spend about 10-15 minutes a day doing this in ParseGreek.

Remember, review as much or as little as necessary to keep your memory fast and accurate.

Participle Master Chart

See the worksheet from chapter 19 for the completed chart.

form redup stem formative/

connector morpheme nom pl pres act masc

pres act fem pres mid/pass 1^st aorist act 1^st aorist mid 1^st aorist pass 2^nd aorist act 2^nd aorist mid 2^nd aorist pass perf act masc perf act fem perf mid/pass

Page 4 of 14 Participle ending charts

If you’re struggling with participles, use these charts to reinforce the form (e.g.

Aorist) that you’re struggling with.

masc fem neut

nom sg gen sg dat pl

masc fem neut

nom sg gen sg dat pl

masc fem neut

nom sg gen sg dat pl

masc fem neut

nom sg gen sg dat pl

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Review the εἰμί indicative paradigm (from 4.8, 7.5 & 10.8)

Present Imperfect Future Present Imperfect Future 1st

sg 2nd

sg 3rd sg

1st pl 2nd

pl 3rd

pl

Review the εἰμί participle paradigm

Use this chart to practice the

εἰμί

Singular Masc Fem Neut

nom sg gen sg dat sg acc sg nom pl gen pl dat pl acc pl

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Review the Master Verb Chart

tense aug/

redup. tense stem Tense

formative conn.

vowel personal

endings 1st sing

paradigm

present act pres mid/pass imperfect act imperfect mid/pas future active future middle future passive 1^st aorist active 1^st aorist mid 1^st aorist passive 2^nd aorist active 2^nd aorist middle 2^nd aorist passive liquid future act liquid future mid liquid aorist active 1^st perfect active 2^nd perfect active perfect mid/pass

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Review the noun paradigm.

Noun Endings Third Declension

masc fem neut masc/fem neut

nom sg gen sg

dat sg acc sg

nom pl gen pl

dat pl acc pl

Noun Endings Third Declension

masc fem neut masc/fem neut

nom sg gen sg

dat sg acc sg

nom pl gen pl

dat pl acc pl

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Review the indicative verb endings

See the worksheet from lesson 6 for the completed paradigm.

Primary Endings Secondary Endings Primary Endings Secondary Endings

Active Voice

1 sg

2 sg

3 sg

1 pl

2 pl

3 pl

Middle/Passive Voice

1 sg

2 sg

3 sg

1 pl

2 pl

3 pl

Primary Endings Secondary Endings Primary Endings Secondary Endings

Active Voice

1 sg

2 sg

3 sg

1 pl

2 pl

3 pl

Middle/Passive Voice

1 sg

2 sg

3 sg

1 pl

2 pl

3 pl

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Other things to review

Square of stops

Review the square of stops well. See 10.7 (page 113) for the completed paradigm.

category of stop unvoiced voiced aspirates with sigma

Dentals Palatals Labials Pronouns

Continue reviewing the pronouns. See 9.4 (p. 99) if you need to check yourself.

1st person 2nd person 3rd person

masculine 3rd person

feminine 3rd person neuter nom sg

gen sg dat sg acc sg nom pl gen pl dat pl acc pl

Contractions Paradigm See §7.3 for details (p72).

ε ει η ῃ ο ου ω

-α -ε -ο

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For Our Call

We will work through the following exercises on our call together, so have these completed and ready to go. Remember you should be able to work out these verses from what you know. Only use tools as an absolute last resort.

1. Καὶ πάλιν ἤρξατο διδάσκειν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν (Mark 4:1)

2. οὐκ ἔχετε διὰ τὸ μὴ αἰτεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς (James 4:2)

3. μετὰ τὸ γενέσθαι με ἐκεῖ, δεῖ με καὶ Ῥώμην ἰδεῖν (Acts 19:21)

4. Βούλομαι οὖν προσεύχεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ (1 Tim 2:8)

5. μεῖζον τῶν λαχάνων

ἐστὶν καὶ γίνεται δένδρον

ὥστε ἐλθεῖν τὰ πετεινὰ

τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ κατασκηνοῦν

ἐν τοῖς κλάδοις

αὐτοῦ (Matt 13:32).

1λάχανον, ου, τό – edible herb, vegetable

2δένδρον, ου, τό - tree

3πετεινόν, οῦ, τό - bird

4κατασκηνόω – to cause to dwell, to dwell, settle

5κλάδος, ου, ὁ - branch

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6. οὕτως ὀφείλουσιν

καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες ἀγαπᾶν τὰς ἑαυτῶν γυναῖκας ὡς τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα (Eph 5:28)

7. Ἐν δὲ τῷ πορεύεσθαι αὐτοὺς αὐτὸς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς κώμην

τινά. γυνὴ δέ τις ὀνόματι Μάρθα ὑπεδέξατο

αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν (Luke

10:38)

8. οἶδεν γὰρ ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν ὧν χρείαν

ἔχετε πρὸ τοῦ ὑμᾶς αἰτῆσαι αὐτόν (Matt 6:8)

9. καὶ κατέβη κύριος ἰδεῖν τὴν πόλιν καὶ τὸν πύργον,

ὃν ᾠκοδόμησαν

οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5)

10. ὅσοι δὲ ἔλαβον αὐτόν, ἔδωκεν

αὐτοῖς ἐξουσίαν τέκνα θεοῦ γενέσθαι, τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ (John 1:12)

6ὀφείλω– to owe, ought

7κώμη, ης, ἡ - villiage

8ὑποδέχομαι – to receive, welcome, entertain as a guest

9χρεία, ας, ἡ - need

10πύργος, ου, ὁ - tower

11οἰκοδομέω - to build

12δίδωμι– to give, here in the third person aorist indicative.

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11. λέγει πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ βασιλικός·

κύριε, κατάβηθι

πρὶν ἀποθανεῖν τὸ παιδίον μου (John 4:49)

12. ὁ δὲ ἐξελθὼν ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν πολλὰ καὶ διαφημίζειν τὸν λόγον ὥστε μηκέτι αὐτὸν δύνασθαι φανερῶς

εἰς πόλιν εἰσελθεῖν (Mark 1:45)

13. βασίλισσα

νότου

ἐγερθήσεται ἐν τῇ κρίσει μετὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης καὶ κατακρινεῖ

αὐτούς· ὅτι ἦλθεν ἐκ τῶν περάτων

τῆς γῆς ἀκοῦσαι τὴν σοφίαν Σολομῶνος, καὶ ἰδοὺ πλεῖον Σολομῶνος ὧδε (Luke 11:31)

13βασιλικός, ή, όν – royal. This is an adjective, but here it has an article… how do you handle this?

14 καταβαίνω – to come down. Here it is an imperative (hence the θι ending) so translate it “come down!” We’ll look at this form in the next chapter.

15φανερῶς – publically, openly

16βασίλισσα, ης, ἡ - queen

17νότος, ου, ὁ - south

18κατακρίνω– to condemn, pronounce a sentence on

19πέρας, ατος, τό – limit, end, boundary

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14. ἰδοὺ ἐξῆλθεν ὁ σπείρων

τοῦ σπείρειν. καὶ ἐν τῷ σπείρειν αὐτὸν ἃ μὲν ἔπεσεν παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν, καὶ ἐλθόντα τὰ πετεινὰ κατέφαγεν

αὐτά (Matt 13:3-4)

15. εἶπεν παραβολὴν διὰ τὸ ἐγγὺς

εἶναι Ἱερουσαλὴμ αὐτὸν καὶ δοκεῖν

αὐτοὺς ὅτι παραχρῆμα

μέλλει ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἀναφαίνεσθαι

(Luke 19:11)

16. Ἐχάρην δὲ ἐν κυρίῳ μεγάλως ὅτι ἤδη ποτὲ

ἀνεθάλετε

τὸ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ φρονεῖν· ἐφʼ ᾧ καὶ ἐφρονεῖτε, ἠκαιρεῖσθε

δέ. (Phil 4:10)

17. Ὁ μὲν οὖν Φῆστος ἀπεκρίθη τηρεῖσθαι

τὸν Παῦλον εἰς

Καισάρειαν, ἑαυτὸν δὲ μέλλειν ἐν τάχει ἐκπορεύεσθαι (Acts 25:4)

20σπείρω – to sow

21 κατεσθίω/κατέσθω – to devour, eat ravenously

22ἐγγύς – near. This is an adverb that functions as a preposition.

23δοκέω – to think, suppose, consider, seem

24παραχρῆμα – immediately, at once

25ἀναφαίνω – to appear

26ποτέ – at some time, once, formerly. This particle is simply a generalization of time, so here you could translate it, “finally” or “at last”

27ἀναθάλλω – to bloom again, this is used figuratively here.

28ἀκαιρέομαι– to lack time or opportunity.

29 This is an infinitive because of the verb immediately preceding it.

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18. καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ὁ θεός Οὐ μὴ καταμείνῃ

τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτοὺς σάρκας (Gen 6:3)

19. ἀνέβη δὲ καὶ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ἐκ πόλεως Ναζαρὲτ εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν εἰς πόλιν Δαυεὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλεέμ, διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς

Δαυείδ

(Luke 2:4)

20. Ἐπειδὴ

ἠκούσαμεν ὅτι τινὲς ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐξελθόντες ἐτάραξαν

ὑμᾶς λόγοις ἀνασκευάζοντες

τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν, οἷς οὐ

διεστειλάμεθα,

ἔδοξεν

ἡμῖν γενομένοις ὁμοθυμαδὸν

ἐκλεξαμένους

ἄνδρας πέμψαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς σὺν τοῖς ἀγαπητοῖς ἡμῶν Βαρνάβᾳ καὶ Παύλῳ, (Acts 15:24-25)

30 καταμένω – to continue, stay

31πατριά, ᾶς, ἡ - family, lineage

32 Notice the alternate spelling here of Δαυίδ. This is not uncommon in the Tyndale House Greek New Testament. This represents a spelling found in some older manuscripts.

33ἐπειδή – since (if indicating cause) or when/after (if indicating time)

34ταράσσω -to stir up, to disturb, to trouble

35ἀνασκευάζω – to unsettle, upset

36διαστέλλω – to order

37 See footnote 23.

38ὁμοθυμαδόν– with one mind

39 ἐκλέγομαι – to choose, to select someone or something for oneself