International Research Journal of Mathematics, Engineering and IT Vol. 3, Issue 10, October 2016 IF- 3.563 ISSN: (2349-0322)
Β© Associated Asia Research Foundation (AARF)
Website: www.aarf.asiaEmail : [email protected] , [email protected]MATRIX TRANSFORMATIONS BETWEEN GENERALIZED RIESZ
SEQUENCE SPACES OF NON ABSOLUTE TYPE
Zakawat U. Siddiqui and Ado Balili
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this paper is to characterize the classes
ππ π’, π, π , ππ , ππ π’, π, π , ππ πππ (ππ π’, π, π , π
0π ) of the infinite matrices, where ππ , ππ πππ π0π denote the space of all bounded series, the space of all convergent series and the
space of series converging to zero, respectively.
KEYWORDS: Generalized Riesz Sequence Space, Matrix Transformations, Paranormed Sequence Spaces, Sequence Space of Non Absolute Type,.
Mathematical Subject Classification (AMS 2010): 46A45, 46B25, 40C05
1. INTRODUCTION
β π = π₯ = π₯π : |π₯π π|ππ < β with 0 < π
π β€ π» < β.
ββ π = π₯ = π₯π : sup π |π₯π|
ππ < β
which are complete spaces paranormed, respectively by
π1 π₯ = [ |π₯π π|ππ]π1 and π2 π₯ = supπ|π₯π| ππ
π iff infπππ > 0.
We shall assume throughout that ππβ1+ π‘πβ1 = 1 and provided 1 < πππππ β€ π» < β.
In [5] Stieglitz and Tietz defined
ππ = π₯ = π₯π βΆ ππ=1π₯π β π (1.1) π0π = { π₯ = π₯π βΆ ππ=1π₯π β π0 } (1.2) ππ = π₯ = π₯π βΆ ππ=1π₯π β ββ (1.3)
For the sequence spaces X and Y, define the set
π π , π = { π§ = (π§π) β π βΆ π₯π§ = (π₯ππ§π) β π, for all π₯ β π}. (1.4)
With the notion of (1.4) the πΌβ, π½ β πππ πΎ β duals of a sequence space X, which are respectively denoted by ππΌ, ππ½ πππ ππΎ and are defined by
ππΌ = π π, β1 , ππ½ = π π, ππ πππ ππΎ = π(π, ππ ).
If a sequence space X paranormed by h contains a sequence (ππ) with the property that for every π₯ β π, there is a unique sequence of scalars (πΌπ) such that
limππ(π₯ β ππ=0πΌπππ) = 0.
Then (ππ) is called a Schauder basis or (briefly basis) for X. The series πΌπ πππ which has the sum x is then called the expansion of x with respect to (ππ), written as π₯ = πΌπ πππ.
Let X and Y be a two subsets of π. Let π΄ = πππ be an infinite matrix of real or complex numbers πππ, where π, π β β. Then the matrix A defined the A-transformation from X into Y, if for every sequence π₯ = (π₯π) β π. The sequence π΄π₯ = (π΄π₯)π, the A-transform of x exists and is in Y, where = (π΄π₯)π = ππ ππ π₯π . For simplicity of notation, here and what follows, the summation without limits runs from 0 to β. By (X, Y), we denote the class of all matrices. A sequence x is said to be summable to l if Ax converges to l which is called the A-limit of x.
For a sequence space X, the matrix domain ππ΄ of an infinite matrix A is defined as
2. SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS AND LEMMAS
In this section we give some important definitions which shall be used in this work.
Definition 2.1 Let π = (ππ) be a sequence of positive real numbers and let write
ππ = πππ π for π β β. Then the matrix π π = (πππ π
) of the Riesz mean (π , ππ) is given by
ππππ = qk
Qk if 0 β€ k β€ n
0, if k > π (2.1)
The Riesz mean (π , ππ) is regular if and only if ππ β β, ππ π β β.
(See Petersen [6] and [7] )
Recently, the following Riesz sequence space was introduced.
Definition 2.2 (Sheik and Ganie [8]) defined and studied the Riesz sequence space ππ(π’. π) of non βabsolute type by
ππ π’. π = { π₯ = (π₯π) β π βΆ | 1 ππ β
π=1 ππ=1π’ππππ₯π|ππ < β }, where 0 < ππ β€ π» < β.
Definition 2.3 (Fazlur Rahman and Rezaul Karim [9]) For π β₯ 0, we define
ππ π’, π, π = { π₯ = (π₯
π) β π βΆ | 1 πππ +1 β
π=1 ππ=1π’ππππ₯π|ππ < β },
If s = 0, then ππ π’, π, π reduces to ππ(π’. π) which is defined and studied in [7].
Now the sequence π¦ = (π¦π) is defined by
π¦π = 1
πππ +1 π’πππ π
π =1 π₯π (2.2)
Note the following inequality (see [10]), which will be used in this paper.
For any integer E > 1 and any two complex numbers π πππ π we have
π. π β€ πΈ( |π|π‘ πΈβπ‘ + |π|π) (2.3)
Lemma 2.1 ([9], Theorem 1.1)
The Riesz sequence space ππ(π’. π, π ) is a complete linear metric space paranormed by
π π₯ = ( | 1 πππ +1 β
π=1 ππ=1π’ππππ₯π|ππ) 1
π.
π·1 π’, π, π = βπΈ>1{ π = ππ β π: supπββ± | π πββ β1 πβπ ππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1|π‘π < β } (2.4)
π·2 π’, π, π = βπΈ>1{ π = (ππ) β π: |β(π ππ π’ππ)ππ
π +1πΈβ1|π‘π < β
and (( ππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1)π‘π β β β}
(2.5)
Then,
[ππ π’, π, π ]πΌ = π·
1 π’, π, π and [ππ π’, π, π ]π½ = [ππ π’, π, π ]πΎ = π·2 π’, π, π
Lemma 2.3 ([9], Theorem 2.2): Let 0 < ππ β€ 1. for every π β β. Define π·3 π’, π, π and π·4 π’, π, π as
π·3 π’, π, π = { π = ππ β π: sup πββ±
sup π
| β1 πβπ πββ
ππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1|ππ < β } (2.6)
π·4 π’, π, π =
π = ππ β π: supβ‘| π
β ππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1|ππ < β
πππ sup π |
ππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1|ππ < β (2.7)
Then,
[ππ π’, π, π ]πΌ = π·
3 π’, π, π πππ [ππ π’, π, π ]π½ = [ππ π’, π, π ]πΎ = π·4 π’, π, π .
Lemma 2.4 ([9], Theorem 3.1)
(i) Let 1 < ππ β€ π» < β, for every π β β. Then π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ββ) if and only if there exists an integer E > 1 such that
π πΈ = supπ |π β πππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1|π‘π < β (2.8)
and
(πππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1)π‘π β β
β (2.9)
(ii) Let 0 < ππ β€ 1, for every π β β. Then π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ββ) if and only if
supβ‘| π β
πππ π’πππππ
π +1πΈβ1|ππ < β (2.10)
Lemma 2.5 ([9], Theorem 3.2). Let 1 < ππ β€ π» < β, for every π β β. Then π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , π) if and only if conditions (2.8) and (2.9) hold, and there is a sequence of scalars (πΌπ) such that
limπβ ππ π’πππππ
π +1 = π½
Lemma 2.6 ([9], Corollary 3.1). Let 1 < ππ β€ π» < β, for each π β β. Then π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , π0) if and only if the conditions (2.8), (2.9) hold and (2.11) holds with π½π = 0, for each π β β.
3. MAIN RESULTS
In this section we characterize the matrix classes ππ π’, π, π , ππ , ππ π’, π, π , ππ ), and ππ π’, π, π , π0π ). We shall prove the following results.
Theorem 3.1 (i) Let 1 < ππ β€ π» < β, for every π β β. Thenπ΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ) if and only if there exists an integer π΅ > 1 such that
supπ |π β πππ π’πππππ
π +1π΅β1|π‘π < β, π β β. (3.1)
and
supβ‘| π
πππ π’πππππ
π +1π΅β1|π‘π < β , π β β. (3.2)
(ii) Let 0 < ππ β€ 1, for every π β β. Then π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ) if and only if
supβ‘| π
β πππ π’πππππ
π +1|ππ < β (3.3)
Proof. Let us define the matrix πΈ = (πππ) by πππ = π(π, π) for all π β β, consider now equality derived from the π; ππ‘π partial sum of the series πππ ππ ππ π₯π as π β β,
πππ π πππ₯π = ππ ππ π₯π for all π, π β β.
Therefore , bearing in mind the fact that the space ππ πππ ββ are linearly isomorphic, one can easily see that π΄π₯ β ππ whenever π₯ β ππ π’, π, π if and only if πΈπ₯ β ββ, whenever π₯ β ππ π’, π, π .
Moreover, let π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ). Then π΄
π π₯ = ππ ππ π₯π exists for π₯ β ππ π’, π, π and this implies that πππ β [ππ π’, π, π ]π½ for every π, π β β. So by lemma 2.1, the necessities of (3.1) and (3.2) hold.
Sufficiency. Suppose the conditions (3.1) and (3.2) hold.
For π, π β β, consider the equation
ππ=1ππππ₯π = π β1π=1 β πππ π’πππ ππ
π +1π¦ π +
πππ π’πππππ
π +1π¦
π (3.3)
when π β β, then from (3.3) we have
π π₯
β = β β πππ
Using inequality (2.3) and (3.4)
sup π
| ππππ₯π| β π=1 β€ sup π |β β π=1 πππ π’πππ ππ
π +1||π¦ π|
β€ π΅ supπ[ βπ=1|β πππ π’πππ ππ
π +1|π‘ππ΅βπ‘π + |π¦ π π |ππ]
β€ π΅[π π΅ + π1π(π¦) < β
This shows that π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ).
(ii) The proof of the second part is similar to that of the part ( i ). Therefore it is omitted.
Theorem 3.2: Let 1 < ππ β€ π» < β, for every π β β. Then π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ) if and only if (3.1), (3.2) hold and there is a sequence of scalars (πΌπ) such that
limπ βππβπΌπ π’πππ ππ
π +1= π½
π for every π. π β β. (3.5)
Proof. Necessity Suppose π΄ β (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ) and 1 < ππ β€ π» < β, Then the A-transformation of ππ π’, π, π exists and belong to cs. Hence, π
ππ β [ππ π’, π, π ]π½. By Lemma ( 2.1), the necessities of (3.1) and (3.2) hold. For the necessity of condition (3.5), we take for each
fixed k, a sequence π₯(π) = π₯
π π π ππ ππ π’, π, π with
π₯π π π = (β)πβπ π ππ +1
π’πππ, if π β€ π β€ π + 1 0 , if 0 β€ π < π ππ π > π + 1
Then for each π β β, we have π΄π₯π β ππ , which shows that
(βππβπΌπ π’πππ ππ
π +1) β π. This proves the necessity of the condition (3.5).
Sufficiency. Suppose that the conditions (3.1), (3.2) and (3.5) hold. Then for π₯ β ππ π’, π, π , we have πππ β [ππ π’, π, π ]π½ for each n and so π΄π₯ = π
ππ
π π₯π exists.
For every π, π β β, we have
|β π
π=1
πππ π’πππ
πππ +1π΅β1|ππ β€ sup π
| π
β πππ π’πππ
πππ +1π΅β1|ππ
Letting π, π β β, together with (3.1) and (3.5) give
. |π β πΌπ π’πππππ
π +1π΅β1|ππ < β (3.6)
(πππ π’πππππ
π +1π΅β1)ππ β β
β, which leads together with (3.6) that
(πΌπ) β π·2(π’, π, π ). Thus the series πΌπ ππ₯π converges for every π₯ β ππ π’, π, π .
Writing πππ β πΌπ for all πππ we have from (3.4)
(πππ β πΌπ)π₯π β
π=1 = βπ=1β
πππβπΌπ π’πππ ππ
π +1π¦
π (3.7)
Comparing this with lemma (3.4) with π½π = 0, for all π β β.
We get the matrix (β πππβπΌπ π’πππ ππ
π +1)
π,πββ β (β π , π0)
Thus, by (3.7) we get
limπ (ππ ππ β πΌπ)π₯π = 0 (3.8)
Now, by combining (3.8) with the above results on can see that π΄π₯ β ππ . Hence the proof.
Theorem 3.3 Let 1 < ππ β€ π» < β, for every π β β. Then π΄ β ππ π’, π, π , π
0π if and only if conditions (3.1), (3.2) hold and (3.5) also holds with π½π = 0 for each π β β.
Proof. This may be proved using similar argument as in the above theorem (Theorem 3.2) and therefore omitted.
4. CONCLUSION
Recently, several authors defined and studied Riesz sequence space ππ π’, π of non absolute type. Furthermore, many generalizations of the above sequence space were introduced such as ππ π’, π, π and characterization of the classes (ππ π’, π, π , β
β), (ππ π’, π, π , π) and (ππ π’, π, π , π0) were equally obtained by (Fazlur Rahman et al [9]). In this paper , we characterized the classes of the infinite matrices (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ), (ππ π’, π, π , ππ ) and (ππ π’, π, π , π0π ) as our main results. There is room for more characterizations.
REFERENCES
[1] I. J Maddox, Space of strongly summable sequences, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. 18 (2), 1967, 345-355.
[2] M. Mursaleen, Matrix transformations between some new sequence spaces, Houston J. Math., 9 (4), 1983, 505-509.
[3] H. Nakano, Modulated sequence spaces, Proc. Japan Acad., 27, 1951, 508-512.
[5] H. Stieglitz and H. Tietz, Matrix transformationen von folgenrΣumen eine ergebnisΓΌbersicht, Math. Z., 154, 1977, 1-16.
[6] G. M. Petersen, Regulated Matrix transformations (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966)
[7] V. N. Mishra, H. H. Khan, I. A. Khan and L. N. Mishra, On the degree of approximation of signal of Lipschitz class by almost Riesz means of its Fourier series, Journal of Classical Analysis,4 (1), 2014, 79-87.
[8] N. A. Sheik and A. B. H. Ganie, A new paranormed sequence space and some matrix transformations, Acta Math. Acad. Paedagogicae Nyiregyhaiensis, 28, 2012, 47-58.
[9] M. F. Rahman and A. B. M. Rezaul Karim, Generalized Riesz sequence space of non absolute Type and some matrix mapping, Pure and Applied Mathematics Journal, 4 (3), 2015, 90-95.