WU: 1. Classify YOUR cells and tell me 5 structures you would find in them.

(1)

WU:

1. Classify YOUR cells and tell me 5 structures you would find in them.

2. Why is it important for cells to be

compartmentalized?

(2)

(3)

Exceptions to the cell theory-

1. Where did the first cell come from?

2. What about Viruses?

- not a cell, but can reproduce if inside another cell

- on the bridge between living and nonliving

(4)

Make a BIG Organelle Table – 2 pgs

Name Structure Function Picture A or P Analogy

Plasma Membrane Cell Wall Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Vacuoles Lysosomes Chloroplast Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Flagella

Cilia

(5)

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like, liquid portion of the cell that holds the organelles in place (chem rxns take place here too!)

Cytoplasm

(6)

Cytoskeleton

• Made of microfilaments (tiny, solid fibers) and microtubules (thin, hollow cylinders)

• These are proteins!

(7)

The Nucleus

• “Brain” of the cell (controls cell activities)

• Has a membrane (nuclear envelope) w/pores

• Only Eukaryotes!

Reproduction & Growth

Regulation & Homeostasis

(8)

What’s inside the nucleus?

• Chromosomes

• DNA (deoxyribonucleic

acid) – genetic code

(9)

Chromatin

• Chromatin is tangled masses of DNA inside the nucleus

• Chromatin condenses into chromosomes right before cell division

begins.

(10)

Nucleolus

• Contains protein and RNA (ribonucleic acid)…

• Makes ribosomes

Synthesis

(11)

Ribosomes

• Made of protein and rRNA

• Site of protein synthesis

• Free floating in the cytoplasm or on the

endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Synthesis

(12)

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• 2 Types - Rough and Smooth ER

• Used for transport in

the cell

(13)

Rough – has ribosomes

Smooth – does not have ribosomes

Synthesis and Transport

The smooth ER helps

Excretion

detoxify

(14)

Mitochondrion

• Powerhouse of the Cell!!!

This makes ________

(Energy Molecule)!!!!!

• Double membrane

• Folded inner membrane increases surface area!!!

Cellular Respiration

(15)

(16)

Golgi Apparatus

• Packaging center of the cell.

• It makes vesicles to

help with transport

(17)

Golgi Body Secreting Vesicles

Transport

(18)

Lysosomes

• Contain digestive enzymes

• Digest old worn out

parts and invaders

(19)

Vacuole

• Storage

• Holds food, oil, wastes

• HUGE in plant cells – they usually only have 1!

• Smaller in animal cells –

usually have more than 1!!

(20)

Cell Wall

Cell

Wall

(21)

Cell wall - What is it?

• Only in plant cells, bacteria, and fungi - outside of the cell/plasma membrane

• Made of cellulose

• DEAD – everything passes straight through it!!

• Maintains structure

(22)

Turgor pressure

• Pressure against the cell wall in a plant from water in the vacuole

• When turgor pressure is present= plants are perky

instead of wilted!!

(23)

The cell wall contains cellulose!!

(24)

Centrioles (Animal Cells only)

Used during cellular reproduction

Centrioles

(25)

Chloroplast (Plant cells only)

• Carry out

photosynthesis - take energy from the sun and make food.

• Contain chlorophyll, so

they’re green!

(26)

Photosynthesis

(27)

FLAGELLA:

Long, whip-like projection used for movement

CILIA: Short, hair- like projections

used for movement

(28)

Finish 7.2 Microscope Lab- Due today!

When completed, start on cheek cell, potato, and Elodea cell lab (make wet

mounts and let me help stain)

HW: Finish Organelle Chart Start on

Cell Project!

(29)

WU:

Check Microscope Labs Cell Specialization Reading

Listen to Cell Rap!

(30)

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

Excretion

(31)

Structure Plasma Membrane

• Phospholipid subunits

• Each has a polar head and a non-polar tail

• They form a double layer, called lipid bilayer,

because polar water

inside/outside cell repeals the non-polar tails

Polar Head

Non-polar Tail

(32)

STOP!! BIG WORDS!!!!

• Hydrophobic: Hydro = Water ; Phobic = afraid The tail of the phospholipid is hydrophobic

• Hydrophilic: Hydro = Water ; Philic = loving The head of the phospholipid is hydrophilic

• Structure of the phospholipid bilayer – (the heads are toward the water of the cytoplasm and

extracellular fluid, the tails are not)

(33)

•Protein channels (or transport proteins)

allow the passage of polar molecules in / out of cell; also serve as receptors to detect

foreign invaders as well as accept hormones.

•Glycoproteins/lipids – aid in cell identification

(34)

Fluid Mosiac Model

Has a lipid bilayer

With embedded

proteins

(35)

The phospholipid

(36)

Function of Cell membrane

• Controls transport into/out of a cell

• Holds the cell together

• Semi-permeable

(Selectively permeable) Gateway: allows only

certain materials to pass

through

Phospholipid

Head

Tail

(37)

A concentration gradient influences what moves in and out of the cell

Larger or non-polar molecules can not simply

diffuse through the membrane

(38)

Cell Membrane

• Membrane looks big?

Picture this…….

• It would take 10,000

membranes to equal

the thickness of one

sheet of paper!!!

(39)

Cholesterol in the Cell Membrane

• Important in cell signaling

• Provides structure, cell membrane would be

too fluid without

(40)

DIFFUSION

• Diffusion: mvmt of materials from an area of high to low concentration without the use of energy.

• Materials move with the Concentration gradient

• A type of Passive transport

(41)

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(43)

Osmosis

• Osmosis: the diffusion of water through a membrane

• A type of Passive Transport

• Solutions can be referred to as:

– Isotonic – Hypertonic – Hypotonic

(44)

Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Isotonic

• Isotonic solution – cell remains the

same….equal concentrations of water in and out of the cell.

• Hypertonic solution – Cell shrinks…There is a higher water concentration inside the cell than outside, so water will move out of the cell.

• Hypotonic solution – Cell expands…The water

concentration is higher on the outside of the cell

than inside, so water flows into the cell.

(45)

(46)

Facilitated Diffusion

• Transport proteins are used to move materials in and out of the cell by way of diffusion –

there is still no energy used from the cell.

(47)

Baggie Lab Set Up

(48)

(49)

(50)

Osmosis Animation

• http://www.nclark.net/osmosisPocus.gif

(51)

Osmosis

Tube

(52)

Think about this…….

• You have two identical pitchers side by side, one filled with exactly 2 quarts of water, the

other filled with 2 quarts of Kool-

aid……….which has more water??

• WHY???

(53)

Check on Baggie Lab

• Conclusion and Clean up

• Set up your group’s Overnight

Experiment!

• Hypothesis before

you leave! What do

you hypothesize will

happen – if … then

(54)

WU

• Check on Your Mini- Experiment

• Write down conclusions

• Share with class and write down what you learned

Agenda:

• Notes: Active and Passive Transport

• Vocab Quiz (organelles and transport terms)

• Mac Lab for Cells

Alive Webquest – my website

• Write out answers!

(55)

Passive vs. Active Transport

Facilitated diffusion

(56)

Active Transport

1 - Active transport requires energy

• 2 - Active transport brings substances from a low to high concentration

• 3 – Materials move against the concentration

gradient

(57)

(58)

ENDOCYTOSIS AND EXOCYTOSIS

• Endocytosis – materials move INTO the cell

• Exocytosis – materials move OUT OF the cell

(59)

Active Transport vs. Diffusion

(60)

Active Vs. Passive Transport

• Active Transport

– Requires Energy – Low to High

Concentration – Against

Concentration Gradient

– Use Proteins

• Passive Transport

– No Energy – High to Low – With the

concentration gradient

– May or may not use

proteins

(61)

Cell Communication

• A major function of the cell membrane is to maintain HOMEOSTASIS!!

• Homeostasis is maintained by RECEPTOR molecules. (proteins)

• Receptor molecules receive NERVE and HORMONE signals from other cells.

• The receptors are actually proteins found in

the cell membrane!!!

(62)

Why do cells need to be small?

• Ice cube cells with diffusion:

(63)