Rural Development, Poverty Eradication and Employment Generation in India
N. Mani Professor and Head,
Post-graduate and Research Department of Economics, Erode Arts and Science College, Erode, Tamil Nadu
New Century Publications New Delhi, India
Contents
About the Book v
About the Author vi
Preface xiii-xiv
Abbreviations/Acronyms xv-xvii
Part I: Rural Infrastructureand Development
1. Constitutional Provisions and Institutional Set Up for Rural Development 1-13 1.1 Degree of Ruralisation
1.2 Constitutional Provisions for Rural Development 1.3. Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD)
1.4 Council for Advancement of People's Action and Rural Technology (CAP ART)
1.5 Training of Rural Development Functionaries 1.6 District Rural Development Agency (DRDA)
1.7 Mahatma Gandhi Institute for Rural Industrialisation (MGIRI) 1.8 Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF)
1.9 Bharat Nirman Programme for Rural Infrastructure 1.10 Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Areas (PURA)
2. Land Development Programmes 14-28
2.1 Land Pollution and Degradation 2.2 Strategies to Check Land Degradation 2.3 Development of Wastelands
2.4 Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)
2.5 Technology Development Extension and Training (TDET) Scheme 2.6 Programmes/Schemes for Treatment of Degraded Lands
3. Rural Industries 29-51
3.1 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006
3.2 Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) 3.3 Cob Industry
3.4 Handlooms 3.5 Power looms 3.6 Handicrafts 3.7 Silk and Sericulture 3.8 Unorganised Wool Sector 3.9 Food Processing Industry
viii Rural Development, Poverty Eradication and Employment Generation in India
4. Rural FinancialInclusion 4.1 What is Financial Inclusion?
4.2 Advantages of Financial Inclusion
4.3 Measures Taken by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for Financial Inclusion
4.4 Financial Inclusion Measures by NABARD 4.5 Micro Finance
4.6 Self-help Groups (SHGs)
4.7 RuPay ATM-cum-Debit Kisan Credit Cards (RKCCs) 4.8 NABARD’s Project E-Shakti for Digitisation of
Self-help Groups (SHGs)
5.Rural Housing
5.1 Desirable Elements of Rural Housing Policy 5.2 Rural Housing Programmes in India: A Brief History 5.3 Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
5.4 Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) 6. RuralTransportandCommunications
6.1 Rural Transport
6.2 Rural Telephony: Digital Divide and Universal Service Obligation (USO) 7. Rural Electrification
7.1 Electricity Act, 2003
7.2 Rural Electrification Policy, 2006 7.3 Definition of Electrified Villages
7.4 Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana ((RGGVY), April 2005 7.5 Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DUGJY)
7.6 Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana—Saubhagya 8. Rural Water Supply
8.1 Need for Safe Drinking Water 8.2 Utilization of Water 8.3 Water Pollution
8.4 Measures to Improve Rural Water Supply 8.5 Major Issues in Rural Water Supply 9. RuralHealthand Insurance 9.1 Importance of Health 9.2 Constitutional Provisions
9.3 Health Indices of Rural and Urban India 9.4 Primary Healthcare Services
52-71
72-83
84-89
90-98
99-107
108-126
Contents ix
9.5 Secondary Healthcare Services 9.6 Tertiary Care Services
9.7 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) 9.8 National Health Mission (NHM)
9.9 Major Initiatives under National Health Mission (NHM)
9.10 Ayushman Bharat—National Health Protection Mission (AB-NHPM) 10. Rural Sanitation and Cleanliness
10.1 Sanitation: A Basic Need
10.2 Central Rural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) 10.3 Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
10.4 Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA)
10.5 Swachh Bharat Mission—Gramin (SBM-G)
10.6 E-'’overnance Initiatives for Sanitation in Rural Areas 10.7 Clean Living Conditions
Part II: PovertyEradication Policies and Programmes 11. Poverty: Causes, Estimates and Incidence
11.1 Problem of Poverty 11.2 Meaning of Poverty Line 11.3 Causes of Poverty 11.4 Estimates of Poverty 11.5 Incidence of Poverty
12. Social Justice and Social Security 12.1 Social Justice Objectives
12.2 Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment 12.3 Social Security
12.4 Social Security in India’s Constitution 13. Inclusive Growth: The New Paradigm 13.1 Inclusive Growth Defined
13.2 Strategy for Inclusive Growth 13.3 Target Groups for Inclusive Growth
13.4 Enabling Role of the State for Inclusive Growth 14. Three-tier Universal Security System for the Poor 14.1 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojna (PMSBY) 14.2 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY) 14.3 Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
127-138
139-145
146-152
153-158
159-166
X Rural Development, Poverty Eradication and Employment Generation in India
J 5. Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), 2014 167-181 15.1 Background of PMJDY
15.2 PMJDY: Brief Introduction 15.3 Six Pillars of PMJDY
15.4 Timeline for Financial Inclusion Plan 15.5 Strategy for Achievement of Objectives 15.6 Implementation of PMJDY
15.7 Monitoring Mechanism
15.8 Challenges Identified in the Implementation of the Mission 16. Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA) and
Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) 182-188
16.1 What is MUDRA?
16.2 Services Offered by MUDRA
16.3 Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) 16.4 Purpose of MUDRA Loan
16.5 MUDRA Card
16.6 Development and Promotional Support 16.7 Pricing of MUDRA Loans
16.8 MUDRA in the Budget for 2018-19 16.9 Synergies with Make-in-India Campaign
17. Other Programmes and Schemes for the Poor 189-194 17.1 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
17.2 PAHAL: Direct Benefit Transfer for LPG Consumer (DBTL) Scheme 17.3 Direct Transfer of Cash Subsidy on PDS Kerosene (DTCK)
17.4 Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
17.5 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) 17.6 Pension Scheme for Small Traders and Farmers 17.7 National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
Part III: Employment GenerationPolicies and Programmes
18. Nature and Causes of Unemployment in India 195-205 18.1 Labour Force and Work Force
18.2 Occupational Classification and Occupational Structure 18.3 Nature of Unemployment
18.4 Causes of Unemployment 18.5 Employment Policy Challenges 18.6 Manpower Planning
19. Strategy for Employment Generation 19.1 Labour Policy and Productivity
206-213
Contents xi
19.2 Employment-centred Development Strategy 19.3 Direct Employment Programmes
19.4 Sectoral Policies for Employment Generation 19.5 Jobs Creation Controversy
20. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005
20.1 Objectives and Significance of MGNREGA 20.2 Funding of the Programme
20.3 Expression of Demand for Employment
20.4 Labour Budget, Inventory of Projects and Perspective Plan 20.5 Work Record, Payment of Wages and Preventing Bogus Muster Rolls 20.6 Vigilance and Transparency
20.7 Other Processes of MGNREGA
20.8 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act Software Package (NREGASoft)
20.9 Recommendations ofNCEUS to Improve the Functioning of MGNREGA
20.10 Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) on MGNREGA 20.11 Some Recent Initiatives under MGNREGA
20.12 New Guidelines to Strengthen Demand-driven Character of MGNREGA
20.13 Economic Survey, 2016-17 on MGNREGA 20.14 MGNREGA in the 2017-18 Budget 20.15 MGNREGA: Concluding Observations
21. National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)—Aajeevika 21.1 Main Provisions of NRLM
21.2 Funding Pattern, Transition and Implementation 21.3 Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning
21.4 Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) 21.5 Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) on NRLM 22. National Career Service (NCS) Project 22.1 Key Aspects of the NCS Project 22.2 Focus Areas
22.3 Services Offered 22.4 Career Counselling 22.5 Career Centres
23. Prime Minister Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) 23.1 Objectives
214-225
226-232
233-237
238-239
xii Rural Development, Poverty Eradication and Employment Generation in India
23.2 Eligibility 23.3 Salient Features 23.4 Area of Operation 23.5 Negative List of Activities 23.6 Quantum of Subsidy
24. Prime Minister’s Start-up India Initiative, 2016 24.1 Meaning of a Start-up
24.2 Start-up India: Features 24.3 Simplification and Handholding 24.4 Funding Support and Incentives 24.5 India Aspiration Fund (IAF) for Start-ups 25. Stand-up India Scheme
25.1 Main Features of Stand-up India Scheme
25.2 Dalit Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DICCI) Bibliography
Index
240-246
247-250
251-254 255-262
