Cytology Overview
Cell
(1) This is the most basic unit of life inside of our bodies.
ATP
(2) Each of our cell’s requires energy in order to carry out its day to day func>ons. This is the energy all cells require in order to carry out their func>ons.
ATP/ADP Cycle (3)
This is the cycle our cells go through when they acquire and use ATP.
Organelles (4)
All cells have an internal structure made up of
different parts that perform different func>ons. This is the name for what we call all of the different parts of a cell.
Nucleus (5)
This is the organelle inside of each one of our cells
that stores our bodies’ gene>c informa>on. It is like a map containing the code for the exact type of
proteins that should be made to make our body look the way it does.
True!
(6) True or False-‐ The FCAT expects you to be able to iden>fy the loca>on and func>on of each of the
organelles in both an animal and plant cell. Included in your studying this weekend you should make sure you have them all memorized, including their loca>on and structure inside the cell.
Plants (7)
These start the food chain by catalyzing the sun’s energy to make their own food in a process called photosynthesis.
Cell Wall (8)
This is an organelle a plant possess that an animal cell does not. It is an extra protec>ve layer outside the
cell membrane that provides the plant with extra protec>on.
Chloroplast (9)
This is another organelle that a plant possesses that an animal cell does not possess. It allows the plant to absorb sunlight. This is the place inside a plant
where photosynthesis occurs.
Chlorophyll (10)
This is the molecule inside the plant that absorbs the sun’s light energy in photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis Review
(11) A plant undergoes photosynthesis in order to make its own ___________(food).
(11) A plant undergoes photosynthesis in order to make its own glucose (food).
C
6H
12O
6(12) What is the chemical formula for glucose?
(13) Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of the plant, the thylakoid and the ________.
chloroplast
stroma
grana (thylakoids)
stroma
(13) Photosynthesis takes place in two parts of the plant, the thylakoids and the stroma.
chloroplast
stroma
grana (thylakoids)
Photosynthesis: Step 1: Light Dependent Reac>ons (14) Photosynthesis is a two step process. Light
____________________ reac>ons are the first step in photosynthesis. These reac>ons depend on the light of the sun to be catalyzed.
Photosynthesis: Step 1: Light Dependent Reac>ons
(14) Photosynthesis is a two step process. Light dependent reac>ons are the first step in
photosynthesis. These reac>ons depend on the light of the sun to be catalyzed.
(15) In the first step of photosynthesis, light dependent reac>ons, sunlight and water are
transferred to light-‐independent reac>ons. Oxygen is a waste. This occurs along the plants’ th__________
membrane.
thylakoid
(15) In the first step of photosynthesis, light-‐
dependent reac>ons, sunlight and water are
transferred to light-‐independent reac>ons. Oxygen is a waste. This occurs along the plants’ thylakoid
membrane.
(16) In the light dependent reac>ons of
photosynthesis, energy is absorbed from sunlight and w____ is broken up. The elec_____ from the
hydrogen atom in water are used as en______ and transported across the thylakoid membrane.
(16) In the light dependent reac>ons of
photosynthesis, energy is absorbed from sunlight and water is broken up. The electrons from the oxygen atom in water are used as energy and transported across the thylakoid membrane.
(17) In the second part of the light dependent
reac>ons of photosynthesis, charged elec___ are used to make an energy carrying molecule called NAD__
that transfers energy to the light in_____________
reac>ons, all with the main goal of allowing the plant to make its own gl______.
(17) In the second part of the light dependent
reac>ons of photosynthesis, charged electrons are used to make an energy carrying molecule called
NADPH that transfers energy to the light independent reac>ons, all with the main goal of allowing the plant to make its own glucose.
(18) The light independent reac>ons do/do not depend on sunlight.
(18) The light independent reac>ons do not depend on sunlight.
Draw three posters, one represenMng light-‐dependent reacMons in the plant along the thylakoid membrane, one represenMng light-‐
independent reacMons in the stroma, and one showing the calvin cycle.
(19) The light independent reac>ons form the final product of glucose. The carbon in C6H12O6 is created through the calvin/krebs cycle through the addi>on of carbon d____ (CO2) into the st_____.
(19) The light independent reac>ons form the final product of glucose. The carbon in C6H12O6 is created through the calvin cycle through the addi>on of
carbon dioxide (CO2) into the stroma.
(20) The photo below shows the calvin/
krebs cycle, the final step in a plant making
its own gl________.
(20) The photo below shows the calvin cycle, the final step in a plant making its
own glucose.
Cellular RespiraMon Review
(21) Cellular respira>on, also referred to as ae_______ re________, or breathing, is the process by which we create _______
for our cells. It is actually just the exact
opposite of the process of ph________.
(21) Cellular respira>on, also referred to as aerobic respiraMon, or breathing, is the process by which we create energy for our
cells. It is actually just the exact opposite
of the process of photosynthesis.
The equa>ons for cellular respira>on and photosynthesis. (22)
What is the first thing you should write down on your scrap paper when you take the FCAT?
What is the chemical equa>on for
cellular respira>on? (23)
Energy
(24) What is cellular respira>on crea>ng for our cells?
(25) This is the organelle in the cell in which cellular respira>on occurs.
Mitochondria
(25) This is the organelle in the cell in which cellular respira>on occurs.
(26) Photosynthesis creates glucose; in
contrast, cellular respira>on breaks down glucose and uses its stored
______________.
(26) Photosynthesis creates glucose; in
contrast, cellular respira>on breaks down
glucose and uses its stored energy.
(27) The first stage of cellular respira>on creates 2 molecules of ATP. It then creates
an energy-‐carrying molecule called NADH and produces 4 more molecules of ATP. It
is called glycolysis.
(28) While photosynthesis undergoes the calvin cycle to create glucose, cellular respira>on undergoes the
________ cycle to break down glucose, producing carbon _______ (CO2) as a waste and transfers
en______-‐carrying molecules.
6H O2
6CO 2
6O 2
mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis
1
2
4 3
and
and
and
(28) While photosynthesis undergoes the calvin cycle to create glucose, cellular respira>on undergoes the krebs cycle to break down glucose, producing carbon
dioxide (CO2) as a waste and transfering energy-‐
carrying molecules.
6H O2
6CO 2
6O 2
mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis
1
2
4 3
and
and
and
(29) In the second stage of cellular respira>on, ox_____ enters cell and w_____ is released as a waste product,
producing 2/38 molecules of ATP.
6H O2
6CO 2
6O 2
mitochondrion matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis
1
2
4 3
and
and
and
6H O2
6CO 2
6O 2
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis
1
2
4 3
and
and
and
DirecMons-‐ Create 2 posters-‐ one represen>ng the Krebs Cycle below and one represen>ng the details of Aerobic Respira>on in the lower right corner below
(29) In the second stage of cellular
respira>on, oxygen enters the cell and water is released as a waste product,
producing 38 molecules of ATP.
6H O2
6CO 2
6O 2
mitochondrion
matrix (area enclosed by inner membrane)
inner membrane
ATP
ATP
energy
energy from glycolysis
1
2
4 3
and
and
and
(30) Fermenta>on is an aerobic/anaerobic process because it creates ATP without oxygen.
(30) Fermenta>on is an aerobic/anaerobic process because it creates ATP without oxygen.
(30) Fermenta>on is an anaerobic process because it creates ATP without oxygen.
