Performance Improvement through Energy

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Performance Improvement

through Energy

Arup is a global firm of designers, engineers, planners and business consultants

providing a diverse range of professional services to clients around the world.

Our innovative and fully-integrated approach brings our full complement of skills

and knowledge to bear on any given design problem. We exert a significant

influence on the built environment and are the creative force behind many of the

world’s most innovative and sustainable designs.

Our firm has over 10 000 staff working in more than 90 offices in 37 countries.

At any one time, we have over 10 000 projects running concurrently.

Image ©Fr

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Arup recognize that the drivers that lead our clients to focus on energy are varied including: CSR and Environmental requirements; operational improvements and cost reductions; and carbon reduction and sustainability strategies. Whether we are partnering with corporations to create new energy strategies or to reduce carbon emissions we provide our clients with tailor-made solutions to meet their needs.

Our multi-disciplinary service combined with extensive experience and an in-depth knowledge of the latest developments in the industry; ensure that we create solutions that are innovative and can be applied in the short and long term. For each solution, we provide a transparent and robust analysis that details the costs, payback time, and operational requirements involved, along with the risks and opportunities. This allows clients to quantify and evaluate each solution to ensure that they choose the most appropriate for their business. In many cases, a focus on energy is the first step to introducing a sustainability strategy or to reducing an organization’s carbon footprint. Arup’s specialists not only provide the energy components of these strategies, but also work to address wider resource efficiency and emissions related issues, such as waste, water, and transport. This ensures that the strategies employed provide our clients with a solution that addresses sustainability and carbon reduction in a holistic way that is key to achieving the best results.

Global Sports & Entertainment Provider As part

of the provider’s corporate sustainability initiative, Arup carried out a pilot study that focused on reducing energy and water usage at five of their venues located in the USA. The efficiency measures we identified as part of the study would not only substantially reduce energy and water usage, but would also generate cost savings of $1,016,870 per year and would reduce their carbon emissions by 9,636,000 lbs a year.

Using a holistic approach, Arup’s Energy

Consultants get to the heart of our clients energy

requirements, creating innovative solutions that

deliver real value.

Image ©Arup

Solution

Selection

2 Audit

1 Implementation

3 Continuous

Improvement

4

Arup provides an in-depth audit of energy consumption to identify the areas for increasing system optimization and reducing overall energy use.

Following the audit process, clients are presented with a complete analysis of potential solutions that highlights cost vs. benefits, risk, opportunities and operational readiness. Arup strategizes with each client to implement the solutions via procurement mechanisms that are beneficial to the client’s business.

Arup ensures the solutions generate the intended results and works with the resulting data to identify additional opportunities. UCSF Mount Zion Arup’s energy consultants

reduced energy usage at UCSF’s most energy intensive research laboratory, Mount Zion. This not only brought the laboratory’s energy use in line with similar facilities, but also generated savings of $354,573 per annum, which equates to a 33% reduction in annual energy costs. The project has a simple payback of 0.6 years.

Pfizer (pictured) Arup’s strategic energy consultants

conducted a major energy audit for a large pharmaceutical facility. As a result of the audit, Arup identified and managed the implementation of efficiency measures that resulted in savings of over $1 million per year with a simple payback period of less than 6 months and in an annual reduction of 5,000 tons of CO2.

Dubailand World Arup developed a sustainability

strategy for a section of the Dubailiand World site that provided the client with cost effective ideas and solutions to enable them to successfully combine their desire to create a sustainable development while ensuring that the comfort expectations of

potential guests were met. Arup’s sustainability strategy identified potential cost savings of over $35,800,000 per annum and would reduce carbon emissions by 60 million kg annually.

Major Resort Developer Arup created a set of

sustainability guidelines that will enable a major global resort developer to build in the most sustainable way possible anywhere in the world. The measures we identified would allow the developer to achieve their sustainable goals while generating between $900,000 and $1.1 million in annual savings and reducing over 7000 tons of CO2.

Time Equities Arup carried out an energy audit

at Time Equities Inc. headquarters in New York, to identify ways to reduce energy consumption, costs, and the building’s carbon footprint. The thirteen measures we identified as part of the study will, when implemented, save Time Equities $295,000 per year in annual utility costs, reduce energy intensity by 24%, and decrease the building’s carbon footprint by 40%.

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www.arup.com

Arup Contacts

Steve Done, LEED AP

Steve Done is an electrical engineer with over 20 years of experience in contracting and consulting

engineering. He leads the Strategic Energy Consulting services group in the Americas. Steve

combines his extensive experience of solar and alternative renewable energy technologies with an

in-depth knowledge of energy efficiency and conservation to deliver solutions for clients that reduce

energy consumption, cut energy expenditure and can be achieved with low pay back periods.

Houston | +1 713 783 2787 | [email protected]

Douglas Nordham, PE, CEM

Doug Nordham’s professional career has involved all phases of the management and growth of

businesses in the renewable power, energy efficiency, and electric utility industries. With more than

30 years of hands-on experience in both the public and private sectors, he has directed operations

for a local division of a $2 billion international energy company and managed several electric utility

demand side management (DSM) programs. For early-stage energy services companies, he has

acquired venture capital funding and supported one of the most successful IPOs of 2007.

Los Angeles | +1 310 578 4400 | [email protected]

Michael Sweeney, PE, LEED AP

Michael Sweeney is a registered professional engineer who is passionate about bringing energy

conscious and financially optimized building solutions to reality for his clients. A LEED Accredited

Professional, Michael has over 19 years of experience in building energy consulting, building

systems design, and in developing and marketing web-based building energy information systems.

Los Angeles | +1 310 404 1837 | [email protected]

Jennifer McArthur, P.Eng, LEED GA

Jennifer McArthur is the Lead Mechanical Engineer for the Buildings Practice in Arup’s Toronto

office. Prior to joining Arup in early 2010, she spent five years doing energy management for a

healthcare consortium, performing energy audits, on-site renewable energy feasibility studies, and

developing energy and water management strategies for over 20 hospital campuses. She has

co-authored energy and water conservation guides for healthcare facilities.

Toronto | +1 647 260 3419 | [email protected]

Raj Daswani, PE, CEM

Raj Daswani is a Principal in Arup’s San Francisco office. He has over 17 years of experience in

mechanical engineering design and energy performance analysis. He has performed technical

development and auditing for energy conservation projects including site survey, making

recommendations for efficiency improvements, utility data analysis, savings analysis, and risk

analysis. His passion is to implement low-energy and low-impact designs into new and existing

buildings while still meeting the needs of the client and stakeholders.

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Achieving campus wide

energy and resource

reduction

Arup’s audit of Cal

Poly’s campus will

enable them to meet

their energy related

commitments while

also allowing them

to reduce water

usage, costs and

carbon emissions.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

© A

rup

Arup’s approach to sustainability is centered on the delivery of the triple bottom line. The triple bottom line builds on the traditional financially based accounting framework, to take into account ecological and social performance.

Cal Poly San Luis Obispo was seeking to reduce its energy usage as part of its commitments under the Talloires Declaration and the California State University Executive Order 987, which aim to reduce campus energy usage per square foot by 15% between 2005 and 2010 and have 20% of energy coming from renewable sources by 2020.

Arup carried out a three phase audit of the buildings on the Cal Poly Campus at San Luis Obispo, which are of varying age, usage and ownership. The preliminary phase audited one building in a competition between bidders. After winning the project, Arup continued with Phase 1 and Phase 2 to audit 101 buildings totaling 3.24 million square feet. The industrial grade audit consisted of a review of drawings and preliminary utility data and then an on-site evaluation of each building’s envelope, mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems. A baseline for energy usage was also determined based on historic utility data and consumption. The results of the audit and the baseline energy consumption were then examined to

identify measures to conserve energy and water, and utilize local renewable energy resources. Following this, the measures were evaluated using a number of criteria such as savings, implementation costs and available incentives, and opportunity to provide points towards LEED® certification. To calculate the energy savings, an eQUEST computer energy simulation model was created for each of the buildings’ floors, which compared the energy efficiency measure to historic baseline energy data. The resulting list of measures was presented to CalPoly, who, to date, have chosen to implement 71 Phase 1 measures of the total 609 analyzed measures put forward as part of the program. Implementation measures have yet to be chosen for Phase 2.

For Phase 1, the measures identified will reduce energy usage by over 18% when implemented, enabling Cal Poly to meet their commitments under the Talloires Declaration and the California State University Executive Order.

Savings per year

Energy 19 million MBTU

Water 5.5 million gallons

Carbon 1.8 million tons

Energy & Water Cost savings $1,007,000

Phase 1 savings compared to a business as usual scenario.

Above and above right: building selections from Cal Poly campus

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Generating energy and cost

savings through effective

metering, monitoring

and retro-commissioning

Arup’s energy

consultants reduced

energy usage at

UCSF’s most energy

intensive research

laboratory, which not

only brought it in line

with similar facilities,

but also generated

savings of $354,573

per annum, a 33%

reduction in annual

energy costs, and

a simple project

payback of 0.6

years.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

The University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Mount Zion Research Center is a four-story structure built in 1997-98; the building’s primary function is as a cancer research laboratory. Mount Zion had the highest energy consumption of all the research centers at UCSF, with 37% greater energy intensity than the next highest energy consumer.

Arup provided energy consultancy services as part of the 2007/2008, UC/CSU/IOU Partnership Program, which seeks to create significant energy savings in existing buildings through retro-commissioning and by providing more effective metering and monitoring to facilitate improved building performance. As part of the program, incentives are paid out based on savings generated, in this case the incentive to UCSF totaled $504,227. The project was carried out in three stages. Firstly, Arup carried out an initial opportunity assessment for monitoring based commissioning and retro-commissioning at the Mount Zion research center. This was done by establishing baseline data for energy use and costs and then identifying the opportunities that would lead to a significant reduction in energy

consumption. Following this assessment, Arup was appointed to provide the design engineering, project management support, and commissioning and verification activities that would enable UCSF to realize the opportunities identified in the assessment and achieve a reduction in energy use and costs. After implementation, a report was issued to show the technical implementation and energy saving results for the project.

Our study showed that the primary cause of unnecessary energy consumption was the excessive airflow due to a lack of airflow monitoring, which in turn affected the peak cooling and heating loads and caused the zone reheat coils to be in a near constant state of heating. To solve this, daytime and nighttime airflow rates were reduced. This strategy primarily generated energy savings by reducing fan horsepower requirements and the need for heat, which in turn reduced boiler natural gas consumption. The addressing of air balancing issues and unoccupied space temperature resetting in non-critical building spaces such as offices and corridors also generated further savings.

Before the project, UCSF had no way to monitor their energy usage and were therefore unable to identify areas of intensive energy use. Arup’s work has not only assisted UCSF in the solving this problem, but it has also provided them with the solutions to reduce energy within the building whilst generating real cost savings for them. Arup also identified a number of other areas based on the improved building monitoring capabilities that UCSF may wish to investigate further to achieve even greater energy savings in the future. Arup’s work at UCSF Mount Zion was recognized by the University of California, which awarded the project a Best Practice Award 2009, for the energy efficiency partnership.

Electricity

(kWh) Natural Gas (therms) (MMBtu)Total Electricity costs Gas Costs Total savings Baseline energy 5,369,087 397,569 58,082 $ 691,799 $ 381,666 $ 1,073,465 Post

Implementation 3,367,236 297,075 41,200 $ 433,700 $ 285,192 $ 718,892 Cost savings 37.3 % 25.3 % 29 % $ 258,099 $ 96,474 $ 354,573

Energy & cost savings compared to business as usual.

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Setting a new benchmark for

sustainable performance

Arup’s engineering and

economic study for the

UCSF Medical Center

provided the Moffitt and

Long Hospitals with a

strategic opportunity

to improve and expand

chiller water capacity,

while also drastically

reducing their operating

costs.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

Arup was appointed by the UCSF Medical Center to develop a strategic and technically sound business case for the replacement of the hospital’s chiller systems. The chillers installed in 1978 and 1986 had been in operation beyond their life expectancy, were expensive to operate, and were being outgrown by the hospitals’ cooling needs. However, there was a reluctance to replace them because of the costs involved. Arup carried out a study that looked at two potential scenarios for the chiller replacement. The first scenario involved replacing the Moffitt Hospital chillers and using these to cool both hospitals. Scenario two transferred the production of cooling to the Parnassus Central Utility Plant (PCUP) via the construction of an interconnecting chilled water plan. For each scenario, Arup evaluated potential cost savings, future maintenance costs and overall effectiveness of the system in delivering cooling to the hospital. Following our analysis, we recommended that scenario one would deliver the best results for the Medical Center, in terms of improved reliability, reduced operating costs and the creation of spare cooling capacity. Arup’s study showed that by implementing scenario one, the Medical Center could transform a growing infrastructure problem into an economic opportunity, by improving reliability

and drastically reducing operating expenses. The study developed and communicated a cleverly planned construction phasing scenario, which provided the hospital with confidence that our recommendation was feasible to implement. As a result, this infrastructure project will allow the UCSF Medical Center to take funds previously spent on utility costs and divert them to pay for an infrastructure upgrade that will return dividends for the hospitals operating fund.

Cost reductions are substantial. Annual business-as-usual (BAU) cooling costs for the two hospitals totaled $1.9m, but by adopting Arup’s suggested approach, the Medical Center will reduce costs to $475k per annum, a savings of $1.44m. Maintenance costs will also be reduced from $171k to $40k per annum. In addition, the project has qualified for an incentive payment under the UC/CSU/IOU Partnership Program, which will provide the Medical Center with a further $755k to offset against project costs.

Net project costs totaled $5.45m, but with the substantial cost savings obtained through the chiller replacement, the project will have a simple payback of only 3.8 years and will generate a ROI of approximately 16% over 10 years.

BAU costs ($) Scenario 1 costs($) Total cost savings ($)

Cooling 1,919,085 475,000 1,444,085

Maintenance 171,266 40,000 131,266

Total 2,090,351 515,000 1,575,351

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Reducing energy, operating

costs and carbon footprint

Arup’s Strategic

Energy consultants

conducted a

major energy audit

for Pfizer. As a

result of the audit,

Arup identified

and managed

implementation of

efficiency measures,

resulting in savings

of over $1 million per

year with a simple

payback period of

less than 6 months

and reduction of

5,000 tons of CO

₂

annually.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

Pfiz er Headquar ters © Graham Gaunt

To improve corporate sustainability and reduce energy costs, Pfizer looked to Arup to identify and implement energy conservation measures at their California research facility. Covering 38 acres, the 1 million ft² campus of laboratories and offices was only six years old and included a number of LEED® certified buildings. Arup was engaged to evaluate and implement high-value, operational and engineering adjustments to reduce the client’s $5.4 million annual energy cost. This, in turn, would significantly reduce corporate carbon emissions. Arup identified 42 possible energy reduction projects with a combined average payback of 8.4 years. Of the 42 projects, Arup recommended five projects for immediate implementation. These projects are known as Phase I. Arup calculated an

annual electric and natural gas savings value of $935,000 for the Phase I projects and estimated the simple payback at six months. The Phase I projects were implemented in 2005 and the results indicate the actual savings to have been approximately $1 million annually, representing a 19% reduction in energy costs.

Arup benchmarked energy consumption, studied building usage patterns and reviewed building systems control and operational sequences. Arup then developed a list of energy conservation measures with associated costs and estimated ROI for each measure. From this list, the client was able to select a suite of Energy Conservation Measures (ECM) to fit within its financial objectives.

Measure Estimated Annual Electricity Savings

Estimated Annual Natural Gas Savings

Estimated Electrical Peak Demand Savings

(kW) kWh $ Therms $

Supply Air Static Pressure Reduction

569,402 62,565 0 0 70

Exhaust Fan Static Pressure Reduction

192,127 20,787 0 0 22

Reduce Space Airflow 1,744,673 321,486 44,694 36,649 705

Thermostat Deadband Increase 409,608 77,046 568 466 174 Nighttime Setback of Airflow 4,281,882 358,232 82,250 67,445 0 Nighttime Setback of AHU Temperatures 456,581 38,199 50,047 41,038 0 Total 7,654,273 878,315 177,559 145,598 971

Estimated annual savings for each of the energy conservation measures.

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Using energy efficiency to

reduce the operational costs

and carbon footprint of a

corporate headquarters

Arup’s energy audit

for Time Equities

Inc. highlights how

improving energy

efficiency not only

reduces a building’s

operational costs,

but also enables

corporations

to achieve their

sustainability

related goals, such

as reducing their

carbon footprint.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

Time Equities Inc.’s headquarters occupies 40% of 55 Park Avenue in New York; a brick and concrete structure built in the 1940s. Arup was appointed to carry out an energy audit as part of a process to improve the buildings operations in the most cost effective manner. Time Equities Inc. hoped that the audit would identify ways to reduce energy consumption and save costs whilst also enhancing the comfort of the building’s occupants and reducing its carbon footprint. The audit also forms part of Time Equities Inc’s sustainability directive, which seeks to promote sustainable practices and principles for their real estate operations and developments in the U.S. and abroad.

The energy audit identified a total of 29 energy efficient measures of which 18 were analyzed further as part of phase 2 of the study, resulting in the creation of a final list of 13 measures. Of the 18 measures, seven were related to HVAC system design; two were related to each of the following: lighting and control; waste energy utilization; renewable energy and building envelope and one measure was identified for each of the subsequent areas: plumbing fixtures, metering and occupant behavior modification. Each measure was evaluated in terms of its effectiveness in reducing energy use and costs; potential returns on implementation cost and ability to reduce carbon, both individually and as part of a more integrated approach. To calculate the energy savings, an eQUEST

computer energy simulation model was created for each of the building’s floors, which compared the energy efficiency measure to historic baseline energy data. Cost savings were then calculated using information from ConEdison, New York Water Department and the natural gas futures market. Following this, the costs of implementation were evaluated to take into consideration labor costs, materials and any potential sources of project financing and funding. Finally, each efficiency measure was ranked to optimize return on investment and reviewed in terms of practical implications for implementation, such as current space utilization and tenant lease structures. A summary was then produced detailing the potential impact of the project on energy consumption, annual costs of operation and reduction in carbon footprint. Arup identified 13 energy efficiency measures that will save Time Equities Inc. $295,000 in utility costs, 40% of their current annual spend in the first year.

They will reduce site energy intensity by 24% and provide Time Equities Inc. with approximately 17 points towards LEED® EB certification. Simple pay back on the project if funding is achieved would be less than five years. Annual reductions in CO₂ emissions are estimated at 1,165 klbs. per year a 40% reduction.

Baseline New Baseline % savings Original cost ($) New cost ($) % Savings Total Savings ($) Electricity (kWh) 2,196,010 1,187,156 46 530,174 299,518 44 230,656 Natural Gas (mmBtu) 2,986 2,497 16 34,768 29,086 16 5,682 Steam Heating (mmBtu) 4,274 2,797 35 151,471 99,136 35 52,335 Water & Sewer (HCF) 4,535 3,656 19 27,165 20,030 26 7,135 Overall Total 447,770 40 295,808

Savings generated compared to a business as usual scenario.

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Generating benefits

through retro-commissioning

Arup’s

retro-commissioning study

for Santa Clara Medical

Center enabled

them to improve

the performance of

their buildings and

realize the associated

benefits, including cost

savings and enhanced

occupant comfort.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

Arup was appointed by Santa Clara Medical Center to carry out a retro-commissioning (RCx) study to identify ways to improve building performance, reduce energy usage, extend equipment life, and increase air quality and occupant comfort.

Arup assessed the facility’s equipment and operations using functional performance testing, which was used to verify the intended operation of individual components and systems under various conditions and modes of operation. Systems data was analyzed through the examination of trends from the building automation system or by the use of portable data logging equipment. This identified deficiencies in the operation of a facility’s mechanical equipment, lighting, and related controls, and determined opportunities for corrective action, and other operational and maintenance improvements that would reduce energy consumption and demand.

From an initial list of potential retro-commissioning findings, six opportunities were identified at the Medical Center; these were located at Enborg (Bldg H), Main Hospital (Bldg M), Moorpark (Bldg O), and Energy Plant (Bldg S).

For each of the six measures, Arup provided the client with recommendations for improvement and a way to assess whether the measure had been implemented properly. The latter was critical to ensuring that predicted savings were achieved and that incentive payments could be received. By implementing the six measures that were identified as part of the study, Santa Clara Medical Center would be able to realize savings of $85,307 per annum. In addition, the vast majority of measures had a simple payback of less than 2 years.

Santa Clara was also able to obtain a PG&E incentive payment of $17,575 due to the energy they had saved through the retro-commissioning study.

Building Annual energy savings (kWh) Annual total savings ($) Implementation cost Simple payback Incentive payment ($) Enborg 192,550 13,797 0 0 0 Main hospital 186,839 45,863 12,862 0.9 0 Moor Park 67,752 4,766 1,138 0.2 0 Moor Park 20,828 2,182 5,265 1.6 1,666 Moor Park 45,060 3,170 1,138 0.4 0 Energy Plant 198,860 15,529 142,440 8.1 15,909 Total 711,889 85,307 162,843 17,575

Opportunities for cost and energy savings.

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[email protected]

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Establishing a district wide

energy efficiency program

By adopting Arup’s

program WCBID

can be confident

that they have set

achievable and

meaningful targets

that can be applied

to all building types

to ensure that each

building plays a role

in helping them to

reach their goal of

net zero.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

© A

rup

Wilshire Center Business Improvement District (WCBID) is a high density mix of 1,100 buildings covering retail, office, restaurant, lodging and residential use. It has pledged to become a “Cool District”, reducing CO₂ emissions and climate change impacts by 2% each year, until an 80% reduction below the district’s 2008 baseline is achieved.

WCBID hope these ambitious targets will be attained by focusing on the district’s existing building stock to decrease their energy consumption with the ultimate goal of creating net zero buildings. However, due to the diverse nature of the district’s building stock a one size fits all approach to energy reduction would fail to deliver WCBID’s goals and a program needed to be created that would capture the energy profile of varied building types; set benchmarks and targets for energy performance that could be applied at an individual building level and district wide; and monitor ongoing progress.

Arup was appointed to create the existing building component of program and methodology that would enable WCBID to realize their vision of a low carbon district. Before reduction targets could be set at a district-wide and individual building level, a baseline for energy usage needed to be established. Arup used generalized methods to determine the energy use indices (EUI) for each location, firstly carrying out a survey of a typical section of Wilshire Boulevard to establish building age, usage, character and envelope, which led to the identification of seven building types within the WCBID area. This was followed by a scoping audit of several buildings which were

representative of the identified building types. The audit included an analysis of monthly utility bills, a building walk through and interviews with building staff and owners. At each location the results were used to identify potential ways to improve energy performance, preliminary cost savings and carbon reduction opportunities. These findings were then used to establish the potential reduction targets for each of the seven building types and the district overall. Leading Arup to conclude that WCBID should adopt a three phased approach to reach their 80% goal: Target 1 would focus on tackling the “Low Hanging Fruit” to achieve a reduction of 30% below the baseline; this would be followed by Target 2 which requires further Hi Capital Expenditures (Cap Ex) to achieve a reduction of a further 50% and Target 3 Net Zero buildings.

By adopting Arup’s program WCBID can be confident that they have set achievable and meaningful targets that can be applied to all building types to ensure that each building plays a role in helping them to reach their goal of net zero. It also provides WCBID with a clear program to work towards and measure their success against. This is a critical component in ensuring that the project stays on track and goals achieved.

The methodology adopted by Arup at WCBID can be successfully replicated at other locations to assist clients tackle the issue of energy within the built environment. As a result of our work, Arup has recently been engaged by the City of Los Angeles to undertake a Carbon Masterplan for Wilshire District/ Koreatown.

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Retrofitting buildings on a city

wide scale

Arup’s study for the

Mayor’s Renewal

Project in Toronto

demonstrates

that retrofitting

provides cities with

a real opportunity

to transform poorly

performing existing

building stock and

use them as a

catalyst to create

a sustainable legacy

for residents.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

The city of Toronto has the second highest concentration of buildings in North America, this includes over 1,000 apartment towers built from the 1950 to the 1980s, many of which are inefficient and poorly maintained. To address this problem the city’s Mayor has created the Mayor’s Tower Renewal project (MTRP) which will identify opportunities to transform Toronto’s towers and use them as catalysts for economic, social, environmental and cultural change. Arup was appointed by the project, to carry out a pilot study of three tower sites in Toronto to determine retrofitting measures that could be successfully applied at these locations and could be rolled out across the city, to achieve the Mayor’s goals.

The three locations chosen were representative of the apartment towers found across the city. Constructed of concrete between1967-1978; the towers were located at North York, Etobicoke and Scarborough and had undergone various retrofitting projects in the past. Arup undertook site surveys to analyze the current performance of the three towers, examining the systems that would have the most impact on the buildings’ energy usage including the envelope, lighting, HVAC and domestic hot water. Historic utility usage data was also obtained to show typical seasonal energy usage.

This information was used to characterize the buildings and energy use, informing the energy modeling and allowing the Arup team to establish the benchmarks and performance metrics which would be used to compare measures and savings at each building and cumulatively across the three locations. Arup assessed a number of potential resource conservation measures (RCMs) to determine which would be the most feasible and deliver the best results at the sites. Each RCM was evaluated against a number of criteria including economic viability, energy and water savings, GHG reductions and social benefits such as job creation. The study

also involved the evaluation of the potential use of innovative technologies including solar thermal systems, district energy systems and green roofs at the sites.

Our study identified 30 potential RCM’s that could be applied at the tower sites and elsewhere within the Toronto area to deliver the city’s goals to save electricity, gas, and water, reduce GHG emissions, and provide opportunity for skills training in green-jobs.

However, Arup’s work went beyond purely identifying a set of RCMs, and examined other areas that would be critical to the project’s success, including funding mechanisms and innovative ways to undertake the project, to reduce costs and disruption.

For example, the main challenge for the MTRP will be to incentivize the tower owners to recognize that retrofitting the towers is a prudent business decision that will give them a competitive advantage in the housing market. Arup put forward a number of solutions to address this problem including the creation of new funding mechanisms and a recommendation that the city should work with local contractors to obtain more detailed and accurate pricing for the projects.

Cladding the towers will deliver many benefits in terms of insulating the towers and making them more energy efficient, together with providing a higher quality internal and external environment. However, re-cladding a building inherently causes substantial disruption to tenants and is often very complex due to the height of the towers. Arup’s suggestion of installing an over cladding made of prefabricated panels attached to wire rails will not only reduce costs and energy usage, but will save time and have less impact on residents.

Arup’s proposed over cladding strategy

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Creating value for

corporations through

Energy and water efficiency

Arup’s pilot study

highlights the real

opportunities for

corporations that

choose to adopt

an aggressive

approach to energy

and water efficiency

across their property

portfolios.

Arup was appointed by a global sports and entertainment provider to deliver their corporate sustainability initiative. An organization-wide initiative to enable the provider to become the leader in sustainable entertainment; create green programs that work for their portfolio; educate employees, fans and artists; and allow them to identify new revenue streams. The first stage of this ambitious initiative focused on energy and water reduction through a pilot project based on five of their venues in the USA.

The five venues were located across the USA and were of varying ages with differing energy and water efficiency programs in place. At each venue, Arup carried out a study of the opportunities to reduce energy and water usage, and achieve a reduction in costs and carbon emissions, in three key operational areas: equipment, operational procedures and utility supplies. To do this we analyzed each of the three operational areas against four measures, opportunities for energy and water conservation; the potential for retro-commissioning and renewable energy; energy saving operational improvements, and utility market opportunities. For each of the measures, Arup examined a number of potential capital projects and approaches before making recommendations for each venue

as to the best solutions to achieve their goal. To assist the client in their decision making process, we also provided a full cost/ benefit analysis for each solution.

Arup’s study for the pilot project clearly demonstrated that the provider could substantially reduce energy and water usage at the five venues to achieve significant cost savings and carbon emissions reduction. The results also highlight the potential for them to replicate these results across the rest of their portfolio globally, as opportunities for reducing energy and water usage were found at every venue regardless of age and location. Arup identified cost savings of over $1 million per year across the five venues. Even at the newest venue built in 2007, we identified cost savings of $51,500.

The pilot studies projected less than a 3-year simple payback of capital investments in the energy conservation measures that Arup recommended.

By implementing Arup’s solutions, the provider would reduce their carbon emissions by 9,636,000 lbs a year; the equivalent of planting over 700,000 trees a year.

Measure _{Expenditure ($)}Capital Annual Energy Saving _($/yr) Simple Payback (yrs)

Energy conservation 1,248,065 278,150 4.4

Retro-commissioning 1,233,000 667,500 1.8

Renewable energy 225,000 12,500 18

Water conservation 163,000 23,000 7.0

Estimated Incentives (257,882)

-Est. O&M savings ($/yr) 36,000

-Total 2,611,183 1,016,870 2.6

Overall capital expended vs. cost savings across the five properties

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

(13)

Creating global new build

design guidelines to deliver

corporate sustainability goals

The guidelines Arup

created for P&G

not only ensured

that they have a

consistent approach

to sustainable

design around the

globe, but also

allowed them to

meet the goals

and requirements

of their corporate

sustainability plan.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

Arup was appointed to assist Proctor & Gamble (P&G) in creating a global standard operating procedure to provide guidance on the sustainable elements for all new manufacturing and office facilities as part of their corporate commitment to sustainability. P&G will only include sustainable elements in the design of their facilities if they can be sustainably and financially justified, so Arup’s guidance needed to clearly evaluate the sustainable and financial benefits. Added to this as P&G is a global organization we needed to ascertain the effectiveness of the design elements across the globe as solutions that deliver results in one place may fail to generate the expected results elsewhere.

In order to develop a set of guidelines that would meet P&G’s requirements, we took seven areas of sustainability that are used commonly across the industry, which are site, envelope, materials, water, lighting, passive, active and operations and identified resource conservation measures (RCMs) for each of them to ensure that areas were achieved. Using a generic office and manufacturing facility as the basis for the analysis; each RCM was evaluated in terms of payback period, CO₂ tons saved per year, impact on energy, waste and water reduction, environmental quality of the work place and visibility to ensure that design elements were consistently designed in compliance with P&G’s corporate sustainability plan. Each RCM was also analyzed in terms of appropriateness for each global climate zone: hot-dry, hot-humid, temperate and cold-alpine. Based on the results, each RCM was classified into one of four categories, which were as follows: recommend for most projects, project team to study further, utilize all energy team

current best approaches to evaluate and not recommended for most projects. This allowed P&G to easily identify the design elements that would work most effectively for them as a corporation and ensure that their sustainability and financial goals were met.

Arup created a global standard operating procedure for P&G that could be applied across their global operations, and ensured that P&G can now sustainably and financially justify the design elements in their new manufacturing and office facilities going forward.

Through the analysis Arup undertook, we identified 36 RCMs across the seven sustainability areas that P&G could recommend for most projects. Of these 36 RCMs, 58% saved between 15-30% of CO₂ when compared to business as usual data and 11% over 30%. 72% saved energy both on and off site.

The report Arup produced was independently reviewed by industry experts prior to roll out within P&G and we have received very positive feedback from the client about the report. It was well received within P&G and generated a lot of excitement.

Since the report was issued, Arup has produced several more detailed go / no go type tools, as well as contributed to internal white papers for solar PV; solar thermal and geothermal. © A bdulsa tar id | Dr eamstime .c om © Arup

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(14)

Using retro-commissioning to

improve performance, save

energy and reduce costs

Arup’s

retro-commissioning

study demonstrated

that UCLA did

not need to install

new equipment

to improve

their buildings

performance

instead it identified

opportunities

to improve

performance by

making changes to

the existing system,

resulting in reduced

energy use and cost

savings.

Economy

Environment

Social Impact

© A

rup

Arup was appointed to carry out a retro-commissioning study of the UCLA Westwood Medical Plaza 200 building, to determine if they needed to install another chiller.

Built in 1989 the medical plaza provides a variety of diagnostic and treatment facilities including operating theaters, treatment rooms and radiology services. The retro-commissioning study was undertaken in two phases and helped UCLA understand the current situation in the building and what could be achieved by employing the proposed energy conservation measures (ECMs). The first phase involved carrying out an inspection of the building and a review of drawings and plans, as well as an occupant survey. This allowed us to understand the current energy profile of the building and the factors that were contributing to an excessive use of energy. The data was then used to create an eQuest energy model of the building, which enabled Arup to model the energy usage within each zone of the building,

and identify potential ECMs. The second phase involved using the energy model to validate and quantify the ECMs to determine which would deliver the best results and how the measures would interact with each other to deliver an overall reduction in energy and costs.

Our study showed that UCLA did not need to install a new chiller but also found that there were opportunities throughout the building to improve energy efficiency and reduce costs. Using the model we identified that the biggest uses of energy were lighting, space cooling, and equipment and ventilation fans. For example, Arup’s study showed that a change in usage on some of the floors had resulted in excessive energy use. This was because air handing units were on 24/7 and were failing to meet the new requirements of the area in terms of its usage and occupants. A reduction in the time the air handling units were on would not only improve occupant comfort but also result in an annual energy saving of 452,403kWh reducing costs by $175,190. In the corridors a change to using T12 lights in areas which have good levels natural lighting would save 80,932 kWh per year a cost saving of $7,776.

The energy conservation measures Arup identified would save UCLA $232,239 per year if they were all implemented. Currently UCLA are in the process of implementing the measures.

ECM #

Description

Savings ($)

ECM-1

AHU Schedule

175,190

ECM-2

Temperature setpoint= 60°F constant (AHU-1&5)

8,846

ECM-2.2

Temperature setpoint= 58°F constant (AHU-3, 6&8)

6,689

ECM-2

Temperature setpoint= 58°F constant (AHU-2, 4, 7&9)

3,015

ECM-3

Reduced AHU-7 OA

611 ECM-4

AHU-10 Night-time operation and VFD

17,726

ECM-5

Lighting Schedule

27,589

ECM-6

CW Loop setpoint to 60°F and VFD

2,152

ECM-7

ECM-6 + Remove tower 3

2,860

ECM-8

All combined

224,463

ECM-9

Lighting retrofit (daylighting)

7,776

Grand Total

$232,239

Energy savings for all the ECMs when compared to a business as usual scenario.