BCA - RC Spreadsheet User Guide Version 3

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U se r G u id e to R C S p re a d sh e e ts : v3 C H Goodchild BSc

CEng MCIOB MIStructE

R M W ebster CEng FIStructE -0 0 8 UDC 624.04

User Guide to RC Spreadsheets: v3

This user guide provides guidance on the use of RC Spreadsheets v3 for the design of reinforced concrete elements.

The release of Version 3 of the spreadsheets and user guide follows the publication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) and its UK National Annex and the publication of Amendment 3 to BS 8110 Part 1: 1987.

For more information on the spreadsheets visit www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets

Charles Goodchildis Principal Structural Engineer for

The Concrete Centre where he promotes efﬁ cient concrete design and construction. He was responsible for the concept, content and management of this publication and of the RC Spreadsheets.

Rod Webster of Concrete Innovation & Design is principal author of the spreadsheets. He has been writing spreadsheets since 1984 and is expert in the design of tall concrete buildings and in advanced analytical methods.

CCIP-008 Published July 2006 ISBN 1-904818-38-2 Price Group O © The Concrete Centre

Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park,

Station Approach, Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey, GU17 9AB Tel: +44 (0)1276 606800 Fax: +44 (0)1276 606801 www.concretecentre.com

C H Goodchild BSc CEng MCIOB MIStructE

R M Webster CEng FIStructE

User Guide to

RC Spreadsheets: v3

User guide to Excel spreadsheets for design to BS 8110: Part 1, 1997 (Amd. 3) and BS EN 1992: 2004 Part 1-1 and its UK National Annex

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Foreword

This publication was originally produced by the Reinforced Concrete Council (RCC) as part of its project ‘Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2’. Since their release in 2000 the spreadsheets have proved enormously popular and have been maintained by the RCC and its successor The Concrete Centre.

The release of Version 3 of the spreadsheets follows the publication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) plus its UK National Annex and the publication of Amendment 3 to BS 8110 Part 1: 1987. The requirements within these standards have necessitated the revision of all the published spreadsheets. This user guide gives guidance on the use of all design spreadsheets to BS 8110 and Eurocode 2 contained on the CD ROM RC Spreadsheets: v3, published by The Concrete Centre (order ref. CCIP-008CD).

Acknowledgements

The ideas and illustrations come from many sources. The help and guidance received from many individuals are gratefully acknowledged.

Thanks are due to members of the original project’s Advisory Group for their time and effort in helping to make the project feasible and in bringing it to fruition. The members of the Advisory Group are listed on the inside back cover.

Special appreciation is extended to: Richard Cheng, BSc, CEng, Eur Ing, FIStructE, author of the retaining wall and basement wall spreadsheets, Peter Noble for conversions and checking, and to Andy Pullen for initial studies into compatibility of spreadsheet software. Also the late Sami Khan for help with post-tensioning spreadsheets.

Published by The Concrete Centre

Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach, Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9AB Tel: +44 (0)1276 606800 Fax: +44 (0)1276 606801

CCIP-008 Published July 2006 ISBN 1-904818-38-2 Price Group O © The Concrete Centre

User Guide v1 published by the British Cement Association on behalf of the Reinforced Concrete Council. User Guide v2 published electronically by The Concrete Centre.

CCIP publications are produced by The Concrete Society on behalf of the Cement and Concrete Industry Publications Forum – an industry initiative to publish technical guidance in support of concrete design and construction.

CCIP publications are available from the Concrete Bookshop at www.concretebookshop.com Tel: +44 (0)7004 607777

All advice or information from The Concrete Centre is intended for those who will evaluate the signiﬁ cance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the Concrete Centre or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Readers should note that The Concrete Centre publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.

Cover artwork: D J Killoran - The Concrete Society. Printed by Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, UK.

S Alexander S Alhayderi Dr H Al-Quarra I Baldwin C Barker M Beamish A Beasley T Bedford G Belton R Bhatt R Bickerton P Blackmore D Blackwood M Brady C Buczkowski A Campbell Dr P Chana G Charlesworth L Cheng Mr Chichger R Collison A Craddock M Morton J Curry J Dale H Dikme C P Edmondson J Elliott I Feltham G Fernando M Fernando I Francis A Fung P Gardner J Gay P Green A Hall N Harris G Hill D W Hobbs R Hulse M Hutcheson A Idrus N Imms P Jennings D Kennedy G Kennedy R Jothiraj Dr S Khan A King G King S King K Kus I Lockhart M Lord B Lorimer M Lovell Dr Luker J Lupton M Lytrides Prof I Macleod F Malekpour A McAtear A McFarlane F Mohammad A Mole M Morton R Moss B Munton C O’Boyle Dr A Okorie T O’Neill B Osafa-Kwaako D Patel D Penman M Perera B Quick Y Raﬁ q A Rathbone M Rawlinson P Reynolds H Riley N Russell U P Sarki T Schollar A Stalker A Starr M Stevenson B Stoker B Treadwell A Truby R Turner T Viney Dr P Walker B Watson J Whitworth C Wilby S Wilde A Wong E Yarimer

The Advisory Group Members

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INTRODUCTION 1 GENERAL NOTES 3 SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110 17 Elements 19 Analysis 35 Slabs 38 Beams 72 Columns 113 Walls 125 Stairs 139 Foundations 146 Tabular versions 158 SPREADSHEETS TO EUROCODE 2 179 Elements 185 Analysis 205 Slabs 208 Beams 243 Columns 270 Stairs 284 Foundations 287 ADMIN FOLDER 298

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 299

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Contents in full

INTRODUCTION 1

GENERAL NOTES 3

Using the spreadsheets 10

Menu.xls 16

SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110 17

Elements RCC11 Element Design.xls 19

RCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 26

RCC13 Punching Shear.xls 28

RCC14 Crack Width.xls 33

Analysis RCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 35

Slabs RCC31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D).xls 38

RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 43

RCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D).xls 50 RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs.xls 56 RCC33 Flat Slabs (A & D).xls 64 Beams RCC41 Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 72 RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 78 RCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs & Beams (A & D).xls 85 RCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 107 Columns RCC51 Column Load Take-down & Design.xls 113 RCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 118

RCC53 Column Design.xls 120

RCC54 Circular column charting .xls 123

Walls RCC61 Basement Wall.xls 125

RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls 132

Stairs RCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 139 RCC72 Stairs & Landings - Multiple.xls 142

Foundations RCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 146

RCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 149

Tabular versions RCC91 One-way Solid Slabs (Tables).xls 158 RCC92 Ribbed Slabs (Tables).xls 161 RCC93 Flat Slabs (Tables).xls 166

RCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls 173

RCC95 Continuous Beams (Tables).xls 175

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Elements TCC11 Element Design.xls 185

TCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 194

TCC13 Slab Punching.xls 196

TCC14 Crack Width.xls 201

Analysis TCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 205

Slabs TCC31 One-way Slabs.xls 208

TCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 214

TCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A&D).xls 221 TCC33 Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 228 TCC33X Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 237

Beams TCC41 Continuous Beams.xls 243

TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams.xls 249 TCC42 Post-tensioned Analysis & Design.xls (Beta) 256 TCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 264 Columns TCC51 Column Load Take-down Design.xls 270 TCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 276

TCC53 Column Design.xls 278

TCC54 Circular Column Design.xls 280

TCC55 Axial Column Shortening.xls 282

Stairs TCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 284

Foundations TCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 287

TCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 291

ADMIN FOLDER 298

REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 299

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1

Introduction

The RC spreadsheets were originally produced under the Reinforced Concrete Council’s project, ‘Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2’. They were released in January 2000 and have been maintained and extended by the RCC and its successor The Concrete Centre. They continue to be supported by The Concrete Centre.

In recognition of the new and updated spreadsheets made available as part of the version 2.x issue, it was decided to revise (but not publish) the second edition of the User Guide. The introduction of Eurocode 2[3]_{, its National Annex and}

Amd of BS 8110:1997[2]_{has necessitated the revision of all the}

spreadsheets and publication of version 3 of the User Guide. This third edition of the User Guide provides guidance on the use of all spreadsheets produced to date (July 2006).

For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets allow the rapid production of clear and accurate design calculations. The spreadsheets allow younger users to understand concrete design and help them to gain experience by studying their own ‘what if’ scenarios. The individual user should be able to answer his/ her own questions by chasing through the cells to understand the logic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can be interrogated and can have their formulae checked and values traced. The original spreadsheets reﬂ ected a consensus of opinion on several design issues. The version 3 Eurocode 2 spreadsheets reﬂ ect a consensus of opinion of a limited number of engineers. Students and young engineers may follow the ‘model’ calculations presented in the spreadsheets to form an understanding of current reinforced concrete design.

The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal design practice and cater for the design of low- to medium-rise multi-storey concrete framed buildings. They are offered as shareware. However, users are required to register when using them in any commercial capacity. Registration is through The Concrete Bookshop (07004 607777 and www.concretebookshop.com). The original project was jointly funded by the RCC and the Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions (DETR) under its Partners in Technology scheme. It was made possible by the support and contributions of time given by individual members of industry. The project was managed by the RCC and guided by an 80-strong Advisory Group of interested parties, including consulting engineers and software houses. In producing the original spreadsheets several issues had to be addressed. Firstly, which spreadsheet package should be used? Excel(© Microsoft Corporation) appeared to hold about 70% of the market amongst structural engineers and was thus adopted. More speciﬁ cally, Excel ’97©_{was originally adopted as being de}

facto the most widely available spreadsheet in the ﬁ eld. To avoid complications, it was decided not to produce corresponding versions using other spreadsheet packages. The spreadsheets are compatible with later versions of Excel.

Eurocode 2 parts 1-1 and 1-2 together with their UK National Annexes have now been published. Students and both inexperienced and experienced engineers will all need to grasp an understanding of design to this code. There are differences between EC2 and BS 8110. The spreadsheets should help with the transition.

Whilst the spreadsheets to BS 8110 provide a consensus of current commercial reinforced concrete design practice, the spreadsheets to Eurocode 2, provide a consensus of design proceedures to this new design code. The introduction of Eurocode 2 will provide commercial opportunities for those who are prepared to use it. It is believed that both novices and experienced users of spreadsheets will be convinced that spreadsheets have a great potential for teaching BS 8110 and Eurocode 2, improving concrete design and, above all, improving the concrete design and construction process. The spreadsheets to Eurocode 2 should help all engineers to familiarise themselves with the details of this new design code.

Version 2.x

The version 2.x released in 2003[3]_{introduced new spreadsheets}

to BS 8110, to the more ﬁ nalised EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) and an overarching menu spreadsheet. Previously issued spreadsheets to BS 8110 were updated.

The new spreadsheets introduced were:

■ Menu

BS 8110

■ RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs

■ RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs

■ RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams

■ RCC43 Wide Beams (A&D)

■ RCC54 Circular Column Design

■ RCC82 Pilecap Design

Eurocode 2

■ RCCen11 Element Design

■ RCCen12 Bending and Axial Force

■ RCCen13 Punching Shear

■ RCCen14 Crack Width

■ RCCen21 Subframe analysis

■ RCCen31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D)

■ RCCen31R Rigorous* One-way Solid Slabs

■ RCCen32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D)

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■ RCCen33 Flat Slabs (A & D)

■ RCCen41 Continuous beams (A & D)

■ RCCen41R Rigorous* Continuous Beams

■ RCCen43 Wide Beams (A&D)

■ RCCen52 Column Chart generation

■ RCCen53 Column Design

■ RCCen55 Axial Column Shortening

■ RCCen81 Foundation Pads

■ RCCen82 Pilecap Design

Version 3

The release of version 3 of the spreadsheets follows the publication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2)[3]_{and the UK}

National Annex and the publication of Amendment 3 to BS 8110 Part 1: 1987[2]_{. The requirements within these documents}

necessitated the revision of all previously published spreadsheets. The opportunity has been taken to introduce new spreadsheets as follows:

BS 8110

■ RCC82 Pilecap Design

Eurocode 2

■ TCC33X Flat Slabs (Whole ﬂ oor)

■ TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams

■ TCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs and Beams (A&D) (β version)

■ TCC43 Wide Beams (A&D)

■ TCC54 Circular Column Charting

■ TCC71 Stair Flight and Landing - single

■ TCC81 Foundation Pads

■ TCC82 Pilecap Design

Spreadsheets numbered RCCen11, RCCen12 etc released as Beta versions have been released for use as TCC11, TCC12 etc.

Using and improving the spreadsheets

Since their release in 2000 the spreadsheets have proved to be enormously popular. They may now be regarded as having now been thoroughly tested by engineers in practice but this does not mean that they are infallible! The user is referred to Managing the

spreadsheets and other General Notes that follow.

The older spreadsheets’ usefulness and robustness have been enhanced by users reporting problems or suggesting improvements. Comments or suggestions for improvement are welcomed. Contact The Concrete Centre’s Helpdesk at [email protected] or on 0700 4 500 500.

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Managing the spreadsheets

Use

Spreadsheets can be a very powerful tool. Their use has become increasingly common in the preparation of design calculations. They save time, money and effort. They provide the facility to optimise designs and they can help instill experience. However, these beneﬁ ts have to be weighed against the risks associated with any endeavour. These risks must be recognised and managed. In other words appropriate levels of supervision and checking, including self-checking, must, as always, be exercised when using these spreadsheets.

Advantages

For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets help in the rapid production of clear and accurate design calculations for reinforced concrete elements. The contents are intended to be sufﬁ cient to allow the design of low to medium-rise multi-storey concrete framed buildings.

Spreadsheets allow users to gain experience by studying their own ‘what if’ scenarios. Should they have queries, individual users should be able to answer their own questions by chasing through the cells to understand the logic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can be interrogated, formulae checked and values traced. Macleod[7]_{suggested that, in understanding structural}

behaviour, doing calculations is probably not a great advantage; being close to the results probably is.

Other beneﬁ ts include quicker and more accurate reinforcement estimates, and the possibilities for electronic data interchange (EDI) Already, bending schedules derived from spreadsheets are the basis of some EDI and the control of bar-bending machines. Standardised, or at least rationalised, designs make the checking process easier and quicker.

Appropriate use

In its deliberations{8}_{the Standing Committee on Structural}

Safety (SCOSS) noted the increasingly wide-spread availability of computer programs and circumstances in which their misuse could lead to unsafe structures.

These circumstances include:

■ People without adequate structural engineering knowledge or training may carry out the structural analysis.

■ There may be communication gaps between the design initiator, the computer program developer and the user.

■ A program may be used out of context.

■ The checking process may not be sufﬁ ciently fundamental.

■ The limitations of the program may not be sufﬁ ciently apparent to the user.

■ For unusual structures, even experienced engineers may not have the ability to spot weaknesses in programs for analysis and detailing

The committee’s report continued: “Spreadsheets are, in principle, no different from other software…” With regard to these spreadsheets and this publication, The Concrete Centre hopes to have addressed more specifi c concerns by demonstrating “clear evidence of adequate verifi cation” by documenting the principles, theory and algorithms used in the spreadsheets. The spreadsheets have also had the benefi t of the Advisory Group’s overview and inputs. Many, especially the spreadsheets to BS 8110, have had several years use and maintenance. Inevitably, some unconscious assumptions, inconsistencies, etc.[9]_{will remain.}

Liability

A fundamental condition of use Is that the user accepts responsibility for the input and output of the computer and how it is used.

As with all software, users must be satisﬁ ed with the answers these spreadsheets give and be conﬁ dent in their use. These spreadsheets can never be fully validated but have been through Beta testing, both formally and informally. The BS 8110 versions have been used for several years and as a result of feedback they have been updated to address known errors. However, users must satisfy themselves that the uses to which the spreadsheets are put are appropriate.

This is especially true with the spreadsheets to Eurocode 2. While the Eurocode 2 versions have been through Beta testing, they have not yet been used in anger. Also, Eurocode 2 is a completely new code to most designers and so there is little experience of design to this standard.

Control

Users and managers should be aware that spreadsheets can be changed and must address change control and versions for use. The ﬂ exibility and ease of use of spreadsheets, which account for their widespread popularity, also facilitate ad hoc and unstructured approaches to their subsequent development. Quality Assurance procedures may dictate that spreadsheets are treated as controlled documents and subject to comparison and checks with previous methods prior to adoption. Users’ Quality Assurance schemes should address the issue of changes. The possibilities of introducing a company’s own password to the spreadsheets and/ or extending the revision history contained within the sheet entitled Notes! might be considered.

General notes

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Application

The spreadsheets have been developed with the goal of producing calculations to show compliance with codes. Whilst this is the primary goal, there is a school of thought[10]_{that designers are}

primarily paid for producing speciﬁ cations and drawings that work on site and are approved by clients and/ or checking authorities. Producing calculations happens to be a secondary exercise, regarded by many experienced engineers as a hurdle on the way to getting the project approved and completed. From a business process point of view, the emphasis of the spreadsheets might, in future, change to establishing compliance once members, loads and details are known. Certainly this may be the preferred method of use by experienced engineers.

The spreadsheets have been developed with the ability for users to input and use their own preferred material properties, bar sizes and spacings, etc. However, user preferences should recognise moves for efﬁ ciency through standardisation.

Another long-term objective is automation. To this end, spreadsheet contents might in future be arranged so that input and output can be copied and pasted easily by macros and/ or linked by the end-user. There are counter arguments about users needing to be closer to the calculations and results in order to ensure they are properly considered – see Appropriate use above. We emphasise that it is up to the user how he/ she uses the output. The spreadsheets have been produced to cater for both ﬁ rst-time users and the very experienced without putting the ﬁ rst-time user off. Nonetheless, their potential applications are innumerable.

Summary

With spreadsheets, long-term advantages and savings come from repeated use but there are risks that need to be managed. Spreadsheets demand an initial investment in time and effort, but the rewards are there for those who make the investment. Good design requires sound judgement based on competence derived from adequate training and experience, not just computer programs.

Familiarisation

There are many different ways to present structural concrete calculations. ‘Calcs’ should demonstrate compliance with relevant design codes of practice, but different designers want to investigate different criteria and want to set out calculations in different ways. Spreadsheets cannot satisfy everyone. The spreadsheets presented here have been set out to cover the criteria that may be deemed ‘usual’. It is incumbent on the user to judge whether these criteria are pertinent and sufﬁ cient for the actual case in hand. It is also incumbent on the user to ensure that inputs are correct and that outputs are of the correct order of magnitude.

The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal design practice and cater for the design of low- to medium-rise multi-storey concrete framed buildings. Each type of element may be designed in several different ways, e.g. horizontal frame elements may be designed using:

■ Element design: design of simple elements to BS 8110: Part 1[2]_{or BS EN 1992}[3]

■ Tabular design: design of elements based on moments and shears derived from BS 8110: Part 1 Tables 3.12 and 3.5

■ Analysis and design: design of elements based on moments and shears from analysis, e.g. sub-frame analysis, embodied within the spreadsheets

Element design

The element design spreadsheets illustrate the basic principles of reinforced concrete design from input material properties, dimensions, moments, shears and axial loads, etc. They form the basis of element design used in succeeding spreadsheets. The moments, shears and axial loads used should be derived from separate analysis (e.g. hand calculations, sub-frame analysis spreadsheet or other analysis package). For further explanation the user is referred to BS 8110, BS EN 1992-1-1 or a number of standard reference works[11, 12 , 13] _.

Tabular design

The tabular design spreadsheets use Tables 3.12 and 3.5 from BS 8110: Part 1 to automate the derivation of design moments and shears. However, the use of these tables is restricted for slabs. BS 8110: Part 1, Clause 3.5.2.4, restricts the use of Table 3.12 to where:

■ In a one-way slab, the area of a bay (one span x full width) exceeds 30m2

■ The ratio of characteristic imposed loads, Q_k , to characteristic dead loads, G_k does not exceed 1.25

■ The characteristic imposed load, Q_k, does not exceed 5 kN/m2_{, excluding partitions}

■ Additionally, for ﬂ at slabs, there are at least three rows of panels of approximately equal span in the direction being considered.

For beams, Clause 3.4.3, Table 3.5 is valid only where:

■ Characteristic imposed loads, Q_k, do not exceed characteristic dead loads, G_k

■ Loads are substantially uniformly distributed over three or more spans

■ Variations in span length do not exceed 15% of the longest span

If design parameters stray outside these limits, the tabular design spreadsheets should be used with caution.

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Analysis and design

To provide for more general application, these versions combine sub-frame analysis with design. Spreadsheets for one-way slabs, ribbed slabs, ﬂ at slabs and beams provide powerful design tools. Sub-frame analysis is also used in the post-tensioned concrete design spreadsheets.

The sub-frame analysis spreadsheet RCC21.xls may of course be used alone (and the elements designed by other means such as RCC11.xls).

The ﬂ at slab spreadsheet RCC33 is intended to be used one-direction at a time. TCC33x designs ﬂ at slabs to BS EN1992-1-1 in two directions at one time. The post-tensioned concrete design spreadsheet follows the 1994 ‘BS’ version of Concrete Society TR43[14]_{and involves sub-frame analysis at various limit states.}

The principles used are applicable to both beams and slabs with either bonded or unbonded tendons being designed to BS 8110. A Beta version of the post-tensioned concrete design spreadsheet to Eurocode 2 and the 2005 version of Concrete Society TR43 is included. The examples of the retaining wall and basement wall spreadsheets are based on common UK practice.

Deﬂ ections

In most spreadsheets deﬂ ection checks are based on span:depth criteria in the codes. Estimates of actual deﬂ ections are available within the ‘rigorous’ spreadsheets.

Rigorous spreadsheets

Defl ection can be the governing criterion of many designs. These spreadsheets allow the estimation of defl ection to BS 8110 Parts 1 and 2 or Eurocode 2 Part 1-1. Rather than just check span-to-effective depth ratios, the spreadsheets calculate defl ections at

1_{/20 the spans using vigorous methods.}

The Eurocode 2 spreadsheets follows methods described in TR58[30]_.

Column design

Column design is presented in, essentially, two different ways; either an amount of reinforcement is determined or the capacity of a section is checked – two valid design approaches.

Under RCC11 Element Design.xls (or RCC11.xls for short) or TCC11, the amount of reinforcement is calculated by iterating to ﬁ nd the neutral axis depth in order to solve two simultaneous equations.

Under RCC52.xls for single axis bending and RCC53.xls for two axis bending, N-M interaction charts are derived from presumed reinforcement arrangements. Individual load cases are checked against the capacity of the column with the various reinforcement arrangements. TCC52 and TCC53 similarly.

RCC51.xls is set out so that the user may undertake a traditional column load take down, assess design moments and critical axis before calculating the amount of reinforcement required. TCC51.xls similarly.

RCC12.xls determines the capacity of an unsymmetrical reinforced column (or beam). TCC12.xls similarly.

Others

Other spreadsheets provide for the design of pad foundations catering for one or two columns, punching shear, stairs (either as single ﬂ ights and single landings or ﬂ ights and landings as in a stair core), small retaining walls and basement walls. More detail and further references are given within the spreadsheets themselves.

Terminology

As with all software, spreadsheets have their own jargon. The basic terminology for layout is shown on the screen dump below:

Excel ﬁ le name

Cell reference Cell

Drop down menu bar _Toolbars

(use View/Toolbars to switch on and off) Formula bar Scroll bar

Worksheet area

Sheet tabs Spreadsheet terminology

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Sheet Architecture

Each spreadsheet may contain several linked sheets (i.e. layers or pages) that deal with different aspects of design. The sheet’s name on the sheet tab gives an indication of the content. For the more involved spreadsheets, individual sheets are devoted to a full explanation of the design (with references for educational and validation purposes) or analysis, etc. and other sheets give an abridged version more in keeping with the requirements of experienced practicing engineers. Further sheets may contain analysis calculations, data for graphs and calculation of reinforcement weight. All spreadsheets have a Notes! sheet where disclaimers, status and revision histories relating to each spreadsheet are incorporated (sheet names are differentiated by the use of an appended exclamation mark).

Those sheets with names in capitals are intended for printing out as design calculations. Other sheets are available to view in the spreadsheets. These may need to be printed for checking purposes and parts of them, such as simple design routines, may be pasted into word-processed calculations.

Sheet tabs (from RCC 41.xls)

Sheet tabs

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110 The Concrete Centre

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page Location Level 2, Beam on line 6 from B to E RMW 11-Apr-2006 35

SUBFRAME ANALYSIS to BS8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

SPANS

L (m) H (mm) bw (mm) hf (mm) Type bf (mm) LOADING PATTERN SPAN 1 7.000 600 375 150 T 1355 min max SPAN 2 12.000 600 375 150 T 2055 DEAD 1 1.4 SPAN 3 12.000 600 375 150 T 2055 IMPOSED 0 1.6 SPAN 4 6.000 600 375 150 T 1215 SPAN 5 0 SPAN 6 0 SUPPORTS

ABOVE (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond BELOW (m) H (mm) B (mm) End Cond Support 1 2.95 400 300 F 3.10 400 300 P Support 2 3.00 400 300 P 3.10 300 300 P Support 3 0.00 3.10 400 300 P Support 4 K Support 5 4.00 400 300 P 3.10 300 300 P Support 6 Support 7

LOADING UDLs (kN/m) PLs (kN) Position (m)

Dead Imposed Position Loaded Dead Imposed Position Loaded Span 1 Load Load from left Length Span 4 Load Load from left Length UDL 32.20 12.50 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL 17.50 5.60 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ PL 1 ~~~~~ PL 1 24 6 2.000 ~~~~~ PL 2 ~~~~~ PL 2 5 18 4.500 ~~~~~

Part UDL Part UDL

Span 2 Span 5

UDL 32.20 12.50 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL ~~~~~ ~~~~~

PL 1 ~~~~~ PL 1 ~~~~~

PL 2 25 25 5.000 ~~~~~ PL 2 ~~~~~

Part UDL Part UDL

Span 3 Span 6

UDL 24.42 8.65 ~~~~~ ~~~~~ UDL ~~~~~ ~~~~~

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110 The Concrete Centre

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page

Location Level 2, Beam on line 6, from B to E RMW 11-Apr-06 36

SUBFRAME ANALYSIS to BS8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

B Elastic Moments E B Redistributed Envelope E SUPPORT No 1 2 3 4 5 Elastic M 95.3 743.3 868.6 427.6 34.3 ~ kNm Redistributed M 90.5 557.5 694.9 406.2 32.6 ~ kNm ßb 0.950 0.750 0.800 0.950 0.950 ~ ~ Redistribution 5.0% 25.0% 20.0% 5.0% 5.0% SPAN No 1 2 3 4 Elastic M 185.0 633.1 400.1 121.4 ~ ~ Redistributed M 152.1 746.8 373.5 118.8 ~ ~ ßb 0.822 1.180 0.934 0.979 ~ ~ SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAMS (kN)

B Elastic Shears E B Redistributed Shears E

SPAN No 1 2 3 Elastic V 191.0 312.6 435.6 432.2 356.9 282.0 Redistributed V 177.7 302.0 422.8 433.2 345.1 273.7 Based on support moments of min(ßbM, Malt/ßb) -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 10 20 30 40 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 10 20 30 40 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 10 20 30 40 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 10 20 30 40

Typical spreadsheet screens

The spreadsheets are intended to be as consistent as possible. Generally, upper sheets consist of calculations, notes and workings as illustrated in the examples below, which gives an indication of the contents of a typical spreadsheet. The ﬁ rst sheet consists of input, followed by results of analysis, design, weight of reinforcement, analysis, detailed design with references, graph data and ﬁ nally a revision history.

ACTIONS! sheet

Main graphical output of Bending Moment Diagrams, Shear Force Diagrams. Also input for redistribution percentages.

MAIN! sheet

Project Spreadsheets to BS 8110

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page Location D&D: Main Beam, from grid C to H rmw Apr-2006 59

RIGOROUS CONTINUOUS BEAMS to BS 8110:2005 Checked Revision Job No

SPAN 3 LEFT CENTRE RIGHT

ACTIONS M kNm 208.9 192.7 206.6

ßb 1.00 0.99 0.86

DESIGN d mm 327.5 322.5 327.5

As mm² 1860 1447 1799

As' mm² 286 0 357

TOP STEELLayer 1 4 H 25 2 H 16 4 H 25

Layer 2 0 0 0

As prov mm² 1963 As' prov 402 As prov 1963 BTM STEELLayer 1 3 H 16 3 H 25 3 H 16

Layer 2 0 0 0

As' prov mm² 603 As prov 1473 As' prov 603 DEFLECTION Permanent = 13.00 < 24.00 Imposed = 5.77 < 12.00 Precamber (mm) = 0

mm Affecting partitions = 15.56 < 17.14 ok Increase btm As by 0% SHEAR V kN 222.2 Link Ø V 215.8

v N/mm² 2.262 10 v 2.197

vc N/mm² 0.743 Nominal vc 0.743 LINKS H10 @ 125 for 1875 H10 @ 225 H10 @ 150 for 1800

legs No 2 2 2 CHECKS % As ok ok ok Cover ok ok ok min S ok ok ok Links Main bars max V ok ok Crack width ok 0.233 ok 0.300 ok 0.266

SPAN 4 LEFT CENTRE RIGHT

ACTIONS M kNm 209.9 169.7 57.3

ßb 0.85 0.98 1.00

DESIGN d mm 327.5 325.0 332.0

As mm² 1819 1264 421

As' mm² 403 0 0

TOP STEELLayer 1 4 H 25 3 H 16 3 H 16

L 2 0 0 0 0 ok ok ok ok ok ok

The Concrete Centre

SPANS! sheet

This sheet shows the design of the left, centre and right hand side of each span. Input is needed for the diameter of bars and number of legs of links required. Extraneous spans are blanked out.

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7

Client Advisory Group Made by Date Page Location 3rd Floor slab, from 1 to 5a rmw Apr-2006 /47

RIBBED SLABS to BS 8110:2005 (Analysis & Design) Checked Revision Job No

TOP STEEL No Type Dia Length Unit Wt Weight Support 1 2 H 12 1025 0.888 1.8 5 H 8 1025 0.395 2.0 Span 1 1 H 16 2225 1.578 3.5 Support 2 2 H 20 2250 2.466 11.1 4 H 8 2250 0.395 3.6 Span 2 4 H 12 4425 0.888 15.7 Support 3 2 H 20 3625 2.466 17.9 4 H 8 3625 0.395 5.7 Span 3 3 H 12 4675 0.888 12.5 Support 4 2 H 20 2400 2.466 11.8 4 H 8 2400 0.395 3.8

BOTTOM STEEL Support 1 1 H 16 1150 1.578 1.8 Span 1 1 H 20 400 2.466 1.0 Support 2 1 H 16 3475 1.578 5.5 Span 2 2 H 25 4750 3.853 36.6 Support 3 2 H 16 3475 1.578 11.0 Span 3 2 H 25 5900 3.853 45.5 Support 4 3 H 16 1725 1.578 8.2 12.92 202.3

The Concrete Centre

WEIGHT! sheet

Calculates the theoretical weight of reinforcement required.

Location Level 2, Beam on line 6 ANALYSIS I

ANALYSIS

Min load 1.0 x dead load

Live load 0.4 x dead load + 1.6 x imposed load (Table 2.1) Distribution Factors

SUPT 1 SUPT 2 SUPT 3 Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R A w 225000 225000 225000 225000 225000 A f 147000 147000 252000 252000 252000 X bar 211.08871 211.08871 181.132075 181.132075 181.13 I 1.6E+09 1.6E+09 1.1527E+10 1.1527E+10 1.6E+09 675000000 1.324E+10 1.324E+10 0 1.6E+09 1E+10 Stiffness 542372881 38709677416466798681646679868400000000163306452 1103349057 1103349057 0 387096774 1E+09 Sum 2576149523 3.E+09 3.E+09

Factor 0.2105 0.1503 0.6392 0.4970 0.1207 0.0493 0.3330 0.4254 0.0000 0.1492 0.4254

SUPT 4 SUPT 5 SUPT 6 L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R L Up col Lo col R A w 225000 225000 225000 0 0 0 A f 252000 126000 126000 0 0 0 X bar 181.132075 219.230769 219.230769 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! I 1.324E+10 0 0 1.1075E+10 1.1075E+10 1.6E+09 675000000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 #DIV/0! Stiffness 1103349057 0 0 18458653851845865385300000000163306452 0 0 0 0 0 Sum 3.E+09 2.E+09 0.E+00

Factor 0.3741 0.0000 0.0000 0.6259 0.7994 0.1299 0.0707 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 0.00000.0000

SUPT 7 L Up col Lo col

A w 0 Partial UDL factors

A f 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

X bar #DIV/0! a 0 0 0.2 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

I #DIV/0! 0 0 b 0 0 0.225 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Stiffness 0 0 0 Sum 0.E+00 Factor 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Fixed End Moments

SPAN 1 SPAN 2 SPAN 3 SPAN 4 SPAN 5 SPAN 6 Min load L R L R L R L R L R L R Cant 788.90 2443.40 1806.84 385.50 0.00 0.00

UDL 131.48 131.48 386.40 386.40 293.04 293.04 52.50 52.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

PL 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.33 10.67 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

PL 2 0.00 0.00 42.53 30.38 0.00 0.00 1.41 4.22 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

part UDL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.24 8.71 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

FEM 131.48 131.48 428.93 416.78 321.28 301.75 75.24 67.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Live load

Cant 805.56 2617.36 1765.87 464.28 0.00 0.00

UDL 134.26 134.26 394.56 394.56 283.30 283.30 47.88 47.88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

PL 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.07 8.53 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

PL 2 0.00 0.00 85.07 60.76 0.00 0.00 8.66 25.99 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

part UDL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.40 11.84 0.00 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

FEM 134.26 134.26 479.63 455.32 321.70 295.14 73.61 82.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Moment Distribution

HiCol SUPT 1 LoCol HiCol SUPT 2 LoCol HiCol SUPT 3 LoCol HiCol Min load -131.48 131.48 -428.93 416.78 -321.28 27.68 84.04 19.76 35.91 147.83 99.05 14.66 0.00 -40.63 -40.63 -14.25 0.00 73.91 42.02 -20.31 49.53 -42.37 -15.56 -47.25 -11.11 -2.62 -10.79 -7.23 -1.07 -3.04 -3.04 -1.07 -5.39 -23.62 -1.52 -3.61 8.84 1.14 3.45 0.81 3.04 12.50 8.37 1.24 -2.22 -2.22 -0.78 6.25 1.72 -1.11 4.19 -5.01 -1.32 -3.99 -0.94 -0.07 -0.30 -0.20 -0.03 0.35 0.35 0.12 -0.15 -2.00 0.18 -0.10 1.31 0.03 0.10 0.02 0.22 0.90 0.61 0.09 -0.52 -0.52 -0.18 0.45 0.05 -0.26 0.30 -0.66 -0.10 -0.29 -0.07 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.01 0.15 0.15 0.05 0.05 -0.14 0.08 0.03 0.21 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.00 -0.11 -0.11 -0.04 Sum 11.87 -20.34 8.47 36.50 299.79 -351.20 14.90 421.11 -404.97 -16.14

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN SPAN 1 Span = 7.500 m BS8110 Top Steel Ref LEFT SPAN RIGHT 0.25L Total Design M kNm 92.8 319.9 328.5 58.8 ßb 1.000 1.077 0.800 1.000 3.4.4.3 Be mm 625 2175 Fig 3.13 Mt max kNm 176.6 614.5 3.7.4.2 MIDDLE STRIP b mm 3425 1875 1875 1875 Fig 3.12 M kNm 1.8 144.0 82.1 20.6 Table 3.18 Bar dia mm 12 20 16 12 d mm 219.0 215.0 217.0 219.0 K' 0.156 0.156 0.132 0.156 3.4.4.4 K 0.0003 0.0415 0.0233 0.0057 3.4.4.4 z mm 208.1 204.3 206.2 208.1 3.4.4.4 As mm²/m 6 865 489 121 3.4.4.4

As enhancementdeflection control 47.52% 0.00%

As final mm²/m 325 1276 489 325 3.12.5.3 S mm 325 225 400 325 Clause b ? No Yes No No 3.12.11.2.7 S max mm 657 ok 378 ok 651 ok 657 ok 3.12.11.2.7 As prov mm²/m 348 1396 503 348 = % % 0.159 0.649 0.232 0.159 fs N/mm² 5.7 191.7 405.1 116.2 Eqn 8 Deflection Base ratio 26 k tens 1.478 k comp 1.050 Allowed 36.335 > 34.88 COLUMN STRIP b mm 625 2175 2175 2175 Fig 3.12 M kNm 92.8 176.0 246.4 38.2 Table 3.18 Bar dia mm 16 20 16 12 d mm 217.0 215.0 217.0 219.0 K' 0.156 0.156 0.132 0.156 3.4.4.4 K 0.0789 0.0438 0.0601 0.0092 3.4.4.4 z mm 195.9 204.0 201.4 208.1 3.4.4.4 As mm²/m 1743 912 1294 194 3.4.4.4 As enhancementdeflection control 54.36% 0.00%

As final mm²/m 1743 1408 1294 325 3.12.5.3

S mm 100 200 100 325

Clause b ? Yes Yes Yes No 3.12.11.2.7 S max mm 175 ok 358 ok 189 ok 657 ok 3.12.11.2.7 As prov mm²/m 2011 1571 1508 348

= % % 0.927 0.731 0.695 0.159 fs N/mm² 289.0 179.7 357.5 186.0 Eqn 8 Deflection Base ratio 26 k tens 1.485 k comp 1.050 Allowed 36.489 > 34.88 BAR! sheet

This sheet shows the design of the distribution concrete section in detail and gives references to the appropriate clause numbers in BS 8110. The designs for Spans 2,3 etc follow on.

ANALYSIS! sheet

This sheet shows calculations carried out using moment distribution.

Location Level 2, Beam on line 6 GRAPH DATA I

SUBFRAME ANALYSIS to BS8110:2005 Originated from RCC21.xls v3.0 on CD © 2006 TCC LOADING DIAGRAM 26 BEAM 0 37 0 0 SUPPORTS 0 0 7 7 19 19 31 31 37 37 37 37 -80.7 76.8 -80.7 78.1 -80.7 0 -26 0 -80.7 104 -26 26 D UDL 0 0 7 7 7 19 19 19 31 31 31 37 37 37 37 37 37 3 0 32.2 32.2 0 32.2 32.2 0 24.4 24.4 0 17.5 17.5 0 0 0 0 0 L UDL 32.2 44.7 44.7 32.2 44.7 44.7 32.2 33.1 33.1 24.4 23.1 23.1 17.5 0 0 0 0 D PUDL 0 0 0 0 7 7 7 7 20.5 20.5 22.9 22.9 31 31 3 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 40.6 40.6 33.1 23.1 23.1 2 L PUDL 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 37.6 37.6 33.1 23.1 23.1 2 PL 1 0 0 7 7 19 19 33 33 37 37 37 37 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 33.1 23.1 47.1 0 0 0 0 44.7 44.7 44.7 44.7 33.1 33.1 47.1 53.1 0 0 0 0 PL 2 0 0 12 12 19 19 35.5 35.5 37 37 37 37 44.7 44.7 44.7 69.7 33.1 33.1 23.1 28.1 0 0 0 0 44.7 44.7 69.7 94.7 33.1 33.1 28.1 46.1 0 0 0 0 MOMENT DIAGRAMS SPAN 1 X 0 0 0.35 0.7 1.05 1.4 1.75 2.1 2.45 2.8 3.15 3.5 3.85 4.2 4.55 4.9 5.25 5 M(e) all 0 36 -10 -48.1 -78.2-100 -115 -121 -119 -109 -91.5-65.8 -32.1 9.57 59.2 117 182 25 M(e) odd 0 95.3 32.4 -22.5-69.4 -108 -139 -162 -177 -184 -183 -175 -158 -133 -100 -59.3-10.6 4 M(e) even 0 -39 -45.7 -48.4 -47.2 -42 -32.9-19.9 -2.93 18 42.9 71.7 104 141 182 226 275 3 Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M(r) all 0 37.8 -11.9 -53.7 -87.5 -113 -131 -141 -143 -137 -123 -101 -71 -33.1 12.9 66.7 129 19 M(r) odd 0 90.5 32.3 -17.9 -60.2-94.5 -121 -139 -150 -152 -146 -133 -111 -81.9 -44.50.96 54.4 11 M(r) even 0 -40.9-48.5 -52.1 -51.7 -47.5 -39.2 -27.1 -10.9 9.11 33.1 61.1 93 129 169 212 260 3 70% max 0 66.7 22.7 -15.7 -33 -29.4 -23.1 -13.9 -2.05 12.6 30 50.2 73.1 98.8 127 158 192 2 70% min 0 -27.3 -32 -33.9-54.8-75.8 -97.5 -114 -124 -129 -128 -122 -110 -93 -70.1 -41.5 -7.41 32 Lower bound 0 -40.9-48.5-53.7 -87.5 -113 -131 -141 -150 -152 -146 -133 -111 -93 -70.1 -41.5 -7.41 Upper bound 0 90.5 32.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.6 33.1 61.1 93 129 169 212 260 3 Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPAN 2 Local X 0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4 3 3.6 4.2 4.8 5.4 6 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.4 9 9 X 7 7.6 8.2 8.8 9.4 10 10.6 11.2 11.8 12.4 13 13.6 14.2 14.8 15.4 16 16 M(e) all 743 501 282 85.9-86.4 -235 -361 -463 -541 -566 -553 -516 -456 -373 -266 -135 18 M(e) odd 354 245 149 63.5 -10 -71.9 -122 -161 -188 -194 -183 -160 -126 -80.1 -22.7 46.3 12 M(e) even 741 491 265 62.2 -117 -273 -406 -515 -600 -632-626 -597 -543 -467 -367 -244 -9 Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M(r) all 557 316 97 -98.1 -270 -418 -543 -644 -722 -747 -733 -695 -635 -550 -443 -312 -1 M(r) odd 442 335 240 156 83.3 22.6 -26.5 -64 -89.9-94.3 -82 -58.2 -22.7 24.3 82.9 153 2 M(r) even 557 316 97 -98.1 -270 -418 -543 -644 -722 -747 -733 -695 -635 -550 -443 -312 -1 70% max 520 351 197 60.1 -7.01-50.4-85.6 -113 -132 -136 -128 -112 -88.1 -56.1 -15.9 32.4 88 70% min 248 172 104 43.6 -82 -191 -284 -360-420 -443-438 -418 -380-327 -257 -171 -6 Lower bound 0 0 0 -98.1 -270 -418 -543 -644 -722 -747 -733 -695 -635 -550 -443 -312 -1 Upper bound 557 351 240 156 83.3 22.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.3 82.9 153 2 Beam 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SPAN 3 GRAF! sheet

Data for graphs used in charts.

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8

NOTES! sheet

Disclaimers, status and revision history of the spreadsheet.

Disclaimer

Status of spreadsheet Public release version. Revision historyRCC11 Element Design.xls

Date Version Action Size (kB)

15-Feb-06 RCC11 v3.1 Differentiation between flat slabs and other slabs on SLAB page. 331 20-Oct-05 RCC11 v3.0 Updated to 2005 versions of BS8110 & BS8666 317 03-Feb-04 RCC11 v2.2 Minor correction to cell N12 on "SLAB" (> changed to < ). 289 21-Jan-03 RCC11 v2.1 DETR logo replaced by DTI. 289 11-Oct-02 RCC11 v2.0 Version 2 enhancements 304 01-Oct-02 RCC11 v1.7 COLUMN: Minor mods to N37:U37; Chart at U2 reactivated. 284 22-Jun-01 RCC11 v1.6 Addition of input controls. 284 26-Jan-01 RCC11 v1.5 Addition of input controls. 283 05-Dec-00 RCC11 v1.4 SHEAR:K22 lateral link spacing corrected. 189 24-Nov-00 RCC11 v1.3 SHEAR:C19 & C20 reformatted, and lateral link spacing check added (C

Braidwood). 185 30-May-00 RCC11 v1.2 R Lawson comments incorporated (γc refs etc). 183 08-May-00 RCC11 v1.1 Neutral axis, x allowed below flange soffite - IStructE 'Green book' method Revisions to TEE~BEAM. Option of required compression rebar added.

followed where flanges outside bw have z = d-hf/2, and bw acts as beam. 182 03-Aug-99 RCC11 v1.0 First public release.

Includes β version comments & chg mods to COLUMN 190 All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA, TCC or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all TCC software and publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version. This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2' available from The Concrete Centre, Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach, Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9AB.

This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may not be used for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the

RCC

Upper sheets

The calculations are intended to mimic hand-written calculations as far as possible with a little more explanation by way of references to codes and derivation of numbers than would usually be the case in normal submissions. Sheets intended for printing out are divided into three sections: calculations, operating instructions and workings. The output is intended to be sufﬁ cient to allow detailing, although the designer should always consider and allow for rationalising reinforcement both within and between elements. Input cells are in blue and are underlined (so they can be recognised in black and white printouts). The cells under Operating Instructions to the right hand side contain help and error messages that are intended to help the user with the correct operation of the spreadsheet. They also

contain variously checks, print boxes and combo-boxes, (see Help in Excel). Print buttons (buttons with macros assigned to them) automatically print out the calculation sheets providing macros that have not been switched off. Combo-boxes allow choices between speciﬁ ed options.

To the right hand side of many spreadsheets are intermediate calculations, data for graphs, etc. These ‘workings’ are not considered vital to understanding the calculation; they may nonetheless be viewed and investigated. ‘Workings’ may also be contained on supplementary sheets.

Other sheets

These sheets are not necessarily intended for printing out and may not be understandable without reference to the printed calculations. For instance, in the case of RCC52.xls Calcs!, the N-M relationship in a particular column is calculated for increments of neutral axis depth. Many iterations are required in order to construct the N-M graph. Therefore there are many calculations and these are set out in tables. The volume of calculations makes it difﬁ cult to produce legible print-outs on a limited number of sheets.

Notes!

The Notes! sheet shows the disclaimer, status and revision history of each spreadsheet. The disclaimer and status should be read and understood. The revision history provides a record of the spreadsheet being used and may provide a basis for users’ Quality Assurance procedures. The revision/ version and name of the spreadsheet should appear on all print-outs. This example is taken from RCC52.xls Notes!

Typical Upper sheet

Concurrent software being used

Combo-box

(Used for automated choices)

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9

Location Columns at A1, A2 etc CALCULATIONS I

COLUMN CHART FOR SYMMETRICALLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR COLUMNS BENT ABOUT THE X-X AXIS TO BS 8110:2005

CALCULATIONS

.67fcu/m = 13.40 N/mm² ALL CALCULATIONS DERIVED FROM 0.00 408.42 fy/m = 434.78 N/mm² FIGURE 3.3 AND CLAUSE 3.4.4.1 480.00 480.00 net fy/m = 421.38 N/mm²

32 Bar diameter

d' = 54 mm d = 346 mm Asc = 4825.5 mm²

N=0 quadratic a = 4824.000 b = ######## c = -9.E+07 n max = 913.2 Interval = 5.497 (24 intervals between N=0 and Nbal)

N = 0 (solve for zero N)

n Neutral axis 88.26 93.76 99.25 104.75 110.25 115.74 121.24 126.74 132.23 137.73 143.23 148.72 Fc Conc comp force 425764 452281 478797 505313 531830 558346 584862 611379 637895 664412 690928 717444 c strain Steel comp strain 0.00136 0.00148 0.00160 0.00170 0.00179 0.00187 0.00194 0.00201 0.00207 0.00213 0.00218 0.00223 t strain Steel tens strain 0.01022 0.00942 0.00870 0.00806 0.00748 0.00696 0.00649 0.00606 0.00566 0.00529 0.00496 0.00464 fsc Steel comp stress 258.32 283.43 305.76 325.74 343.73 360.02 374.82 388.34 400.74 412.15 421.38 421.38 fst Steel tens stress 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 434.8 Fsc Steel comp force 623255 683837 737709 785928 829338 868625 904349 936975 966888 994414 1016688 1016688 Fst Steel tens force 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 1049019 z Conc lever arm 306.28 303.81 301.34 298.86 296.39 293.92 291.44 288.97 286.49 284.02 281.55 279.07

N Fc + Fsc - Fst 0.00 87.10 167.49 242.22 312.15 377.95 440.19 499.34 555.76 609.81 658.60 685.11

M M O R 312.39 324.37 335.24 345.15 354.22 362.56 370.26 377.36 383.94 390.04 395.25 397.07 Labels for chart

N diff 87.10 80.39 74.73 69.93 65.80 62.24 59.14 56.43 54.04 48.79 26.52 26.52 M diff 11.98 10.87 9.91 9.08 8.34 7.69 7.11 6.58 6.10 5.20 1.82 1.69

25 Bar diameter

d' = 50.5 mm d = 349.5 mm Asc = 2945.2 mm²

N=0 quadratic a = 4824.000 b = 370831.72 c = -5.E+07 n max = 922.5 Interval = 6.253 (24 intervals between N=0 and Nbal) Example of an ‘other’ sheet

Notes! sheet

D Disclaimer

Status of spreadsheet Public release version.

Revision history RCC11 Element Design.xls

Date Version Action Size(kB)

15-Feb-06 RCC11 v3.1 Differentiation between flat slabs and other slabs on SLAB page. 331 20-Oct-05 RCC11 v3.0 Updated to 2005 versions of BS8110 & BS8666 317 03-Feb-04 RCC11 v2.2 Minor correction to cell N12 on "SLAB" (> changed to < ). 289 21-Jan-03 RCC11 v2.1 DETR logo replaced by DTI. 289 11-Oct-02 RCC11 v2.0 Version 2 enhancements 304 01-Oct-02 RCC11 v1.7 COLUMN: Minor mods to N37:U37; Chart at U2 reactivated. 284 22-Jun-01 RCC11 v1.6 Addition of input controls. 284 26-Jan-01 RCC11 v1.5 Addition of input controls. 283 05-Dec-00 RCC11 v1.4 SHEAR:K22 lateral link spacing corrected. 189 24-Nov-00 RCC11 v1.3 SHEAR:C19 & C20 reformatted, and lateral link spacing check added (C

Braidwood). 185 30-May-00 RCC11 v1.2 R Lawson comments incorporated (γc refs etc). 183 08-May-00 RCC11 v1.1

Revisions to TEE~BEAM. Option of required compression rebar added. Neutral axis, x allowed below flange soffite - IStructE 'Green book' method

followed where flanges outside bw have z = d-hf/2, and bw acts as beam. 182 03-Aug-99 RCC11 v1.0 First public release.

Includes β version comments & chg mods to COLUMN 190 All advice or information from the British Cement Association and/or Reinforced Concrete Council is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information is accepted by the BCA, TCC or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Users should note that all TCC software and publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version. This spreadsheet should be used in compliance with the accompanying publication 'Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2' available from The Concrete Centre, Riverside House, 4 Meadows Business Park, Station Approach, Blackwater, Camberley, Surrey GU17 9AB.

This spreadsheet is shareware. It may be distributed freely, but may not be used for commercial purposes until the user has registered with the

RCC

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10

Frequently Asked Questions

Macros

When loading the individual spreadsheets, Excel may warn about the presence of macros. All the macros provided in the fi les are either to allow automated printing of the ‘calculations’ or to provide choices by way of combo-boxes. The printing macros have been assigned to buttons. Turning the macros off may affect the actual function of the spreadsheets but will certainly make printing of the sheets as confi gured more diffi cult and make the choice of options very much more diffi cult.

Fonts

Unless the appropriate fonts Tekton and Marker (supplied in the CD-ROM) have been installed by the user, the appearance on screen will be different from that intended. These upright fonts have been used to emulate a designer’s handwriting and to allow adequate information to be shown across the page and in each cell.

If problems are experienced it is most likely that the fonts on your computer screen will have defaulted to the closest approximation of the fonts intended (e.g. the toolbar may say Tekton but a default font such as Arial will have been used). The spreadsheets will work but not as intended – ends of words may be missing, numbers may not ﬁ t cells resulting in a series of hashes, #####. Column width and cell overlap problems only occur when the correct fonts are not loaded.

It is strongly recommended that the Tekton and Marker fonts are copied into your computer’s font library. The Freewave fonts may be found in the Fonts folder on the CD-ROM.

They may be copied in the following manner, either:

■ Start/Settings/Control Panel/Fonts/ File/ Add Fonts and when asked ‘copy fonts to system directory?’ answer ‘yes’. or

■ Through Microsoft Explorer and copying (or dragging) the font ﬁ les into your font library, usually contained in Windows/ Set-up/ Fonts

Help

A printed copy of this User Guide is available from The Concrete Bookshop (07004 607777 or www.concretebookshop.com). The User Guide is also available as an Adobe Acrobat ﬁ le UserGuid pdf, (on the CD-ROM). A copy of Adobe Acrobat Reader will be required to read this ﬁ le.

Help is also available at the following places:

■ Within Excel under Help

■ to the right hand side of the spreadsheets, cells under

Operating Instructions contain help and error messages. ■ Queries may be e-mailed to [email protected].

Preference will be given to those who have registered.

Support

E-mailed questions, comments, developments and suggestions are welcomed. Send them to [email protected]. Preference will be given to those who are registered, as detailed above.

Shareware

These spreadsheets are offered as shareware. This can be considered a ‘try before you buy’ system where you are expected to pay the program owners a registration fee if you ﬁ nd the program useful or if the programs are used for commercial use. In general you may pass on copies of shareware programs to colleagues within the UK, although commercial (for a fee) distribution requires special written permission from the publisher.

Availability/registration

The RC Spreadsheets are made available as shareware from The Concrete Centre see www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets. However, the spreadsheets may not be used for commercial purposes until the user has purchased and validated a licence. Licences may be purchased from The Concrete Bookshop (www.concretebookshop.com, Tel +44 (0)7004-607777) or via The Concrete Centre website. Licences may be validated via www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets. The purchase price includes

■ Permission to use the spreadsheets for commercial purposes for at least one year

■ A hard copy of this publication, User Guide to RC Spreadsheets: v3

■ CD-ROM containing RC Spreadsheets: v3, together with Admin ﬁ les, which themselves contain fonts, issue sheets, user guide ﬁ les etc.

■ Occasional e-mails to inform them of any revisions orchanges to the spreadsheets or other relevant information

■ Details of how to download updates of the spreadsheets

■ Preferential treatment with regard to support

Further information, updates, FAQs, free trial download versions of some spreadsheets, latest news and other information on the RC-Spreadsheet suite is available on www.concretecentre. com/rcspreadsheets

Using the spreadsheets

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11

Overseas use

The spreadsheets have been developed and maintained for use within the UK. The Concrete Centre reserves the right to pass details of non-UK registrants to any future owner of the non-UK copyright or overseas distributor of the spreadsheets.

Updates

It is intended that The Concrete Centre’s website will include updated versions of the spreadsheets. Registrants will be provided with information on how to download updates.

Using the spreadsheets for the

ﬁ rst time

Base versions

Initially, always start from the base versions on the CD-ROM. If in doubt, go back to the version on the CD-ROM. These safeguards are to avoid using corrupted or bespoke ﬁ les. Eventually, familiarity with the spreadsheets and Quality Assurance procedures may overtake this basic precaution.

Please note that whilst all spreadsheet cells, apart from input cells, are covered by nominal protection, it is possible to change the contents of cells. Original versions are available on CD-ROM or from The Concrete Centre’s website www.concretecentre.com. Also, please note conditions of use and disclaimers associated with the use of the spreadsheets contained within the sheet titled Notes! and elsewhere in this User guide.

Excel

The spreadsheets are normal Excel fi les. Excel (© Microsoft Corporation) is a standalone package or may be included as part of the Microsoft Offi ce package on PCs or Macs. The fi les are compatible with Excel 2002, part of Offi ce 2002, and are likely to be compatible with future versions of Excel. Those not familiar with Excel are directed to the Help functions within Excel and relevant literature available at book and computer shops. Please note that the spreadsheets will not necessarily work with previous versions of Excel (e.g. ’95, 5.x etc.) or other spreadsheet programs. This is due to incompatibility between software and backward incompatibility between versions. (To check which version of Excel you are running see sign-on screen, or Help/ About Microsoft Excel). Those running Excel 2000 are advised to use the Save As/ .xls function to avoid inordinately large fi le sizes.

Long ﬁ le names

The base versions of the spreadsheets are saved with long ﬁ le names to aid familiarity with each spreadsheet’s purpose. Some

software and networks only recognise eight characters for a ﬁ le name. In use, users may be requested by the system to allow abbreviated names, e.g. RCC11.xls .

As shorthand, the spreadsheets are generally referred to by their number rather than their name in full, i.e. RCC11.xls is used as shorthand for RCC11 Element Design.xls.

Loading a spreadsheet for the ﬁ rst time

Under Windows ’98, NT, 2000, 2002 or XP insert the spreadsheet CD-ROM into the CD drive (drive D: assumed).

A spreadsheet can be loaded using one of the following methods:

■ Your computer may automatically present a view of the ﬁ les available on the CD-ROM in which case double click the mouse pointer on the spreadsheet of your choice, e.g.MENU. xls//. If not already loaded and presuming it is available, Excel will boot up and load up with MENU.xls ready for operation. Excel will most probably warn about macros before loading the spreadsheet fully. In order to proceed, enable macros (see below).

Otherwise

■ From ‘My Computer’, double click(//) on My Computer, double click on D (assumed CD drive) //double click on spreadsheet of ones choice //.

■ Successively click Start/ Programs/ Microsoft Explorer/ double click mouse on CD Drive (D)//. Double click the mouse pointer on the spreadsheet of your choice, e.g.Menu.xls//. If not already loaded and available, Excel will boot up and load up with Menu.xls.

■ Successively click Start/ Programs/ Microsoft Excel. Once Excel has booted up, click mouse pointer on File in top menu bar/ click mouse on Open/ click mouse on the ‘Look in’ box and scroll through to the CD Drive

■ Click mouse on the CD Drive (D)//. Double click mouse on the spreadsheet of your choice, e.g. Menu.xls//.

The design spreadsheets may, if the user wishes, be loaded direct. In the above instructions replace MENU.xls with the name of the spreadsheet required. The advantages of using MENU.xls are explained later.

No installation program per se is included. Under fi le managers such as Microsoft Explorer, the CD-ROM versions of the spreadsheets can be dragged and dropped into an appropriate folder specifi ed by the user. Alternatively, from within Excel, the spreadsheets can be loaded directly from the CD-ROM – but should users wish to save the modifi ed spreadsheet, it has to be saved to an alternative drive.

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12

Default font size

Even with the correct fonts installed, the appearance of the sheets might be different from those intended. This may be due to the default font size on the user’s computer being different from the font size 12 used in the development of the spreadsheets. For instance if the user’s default font size is 10, pages will appear and print narrower than intended (as unformatted cells will revert to a narrower cell width than intended).

Please ensure that the default font size is set at 12. (In Excel check Tools/ Options/ General/ Standard font and size). If standard font or size is changed it will become effective only after rebooting Excel. While the spreadsheets were developed using Tekton 12, many True Type font size 12 (e.g. Arial or preferably Times New Roman 12) may give adequate presentation. If a series of hashes (#####) still appears, it may be necessary to resize the column width.

Screen view

The spreadsheets have been developed assuming that part, if not the whole, of the Operating Instructions column is in view. This column contains comments, instructions, checks, explanations, etc. and is important for the correct operation of the spreadsheets. Generally, a screen zoom of 75% has been used as a default size on the sheets. Occasionally, other zoom sizes have been used in order to aid comprehension.

Screen resolution

The spreadsheets have been developed in 1024 x 768 resolution, so that their appearance will be acceptable between SVGA (800 x 600) and 1280 x 1024.

They will obviously work in VGA (600 x 480), but higher resolutions are recommended.

Input

In the spreadsheets, input data is blue and underlined. New data may be input by overwriting default values or by entering values in ‘greyed-out’ cells. Entering data in far-left greyed-out cells may also remove the grey conditional background to other cells, which will then require data entry. Some input cells refer back to data on previous sheets within a workbook. These are coloured magenta, but change back to blue if other data is entered. Do not copy and paste input from one cell to another as this may cause formatting and other errors. Do not use Space, Enter (the space equals text). If similar input is required in other cells then use ‘= cell reference’ with caution, e.g. ‘= B16’ in the appropriate input cell.

All non-input cells should have nominal protection and the contents of these cells can only be overwritten if the user has taken positive steps to overwrite original contents. In the page headers the ‘Made by’ and ‘Checked’ boxes should be completed

or cleared by using a blank or hyphen; clearing the cell completely would produce ‘0’ on subsequent sheets.

Values in red or red backgrounds

During operation, values in red or cells with red backgrounds ﬂ ag either incorrect data to be changed or excess data to be cleared (manually). Even a space as an entry might generate red backgrounds.

If you make a mess of it, start again from the base version of the spreadsheet on the CD-ROM.

#DIV/0! (Divide by zero) errors

In some spreadsheets, #DIV/0! results may arise and be displayed. In sheets intended for printing out, #DIV/0! indicates an error in or invalid input. In sheets of workings, they have no relevance to the validity of the sheet or the spreadsheet as a whole. Please note that in many cases, but not all, a very small value has been used rather than zero in order to avoid #DIV/0! (divide by zero) problems in Excel, e.g. [RCC53.xls] Cases!B3:B8 where =IF(ERROR(G3),0.000001,G3) has been used.

Printing

The sheets may be printed out in several ways:

■ Through the automated print buttons in the spreadsheets (using these print macros will over-write print areas deﬁ ned elsewhere)

■ Using the Print icon on Excel’s standard toolbar

■ Using File/ Print within Excel

■ Copying and pasting (special) parts of the spreadsheets to a word processor or other package. Pasting (special) into a word processor ﬁ le as a bitmap produces a wysiwyg image.

■ Pasting as other formats will probably require some pre-copying formatting of the spreadsheet and/ or post- formatting of receiving cells.

Print areas may be deﬁ ned by:

■ Highlighting area then clicking File/ Print Area/ Set Print Area

■ Clicking View/Page Break Preview and adjusting boundaries to suit

Print previewing can be achieved using the Print Preview icon on the standard toolbar.

Print formatting

Different hardware and software are conﬁ gured in many different ways. This situation leads to many variations on the actual print from individual printers. Best results are likely to be obtained from Windows printers but even these may not produce printing that is identical to that intended. Some manipulation for printing with your conﬁ guration may be inevitable.