Redhat Virtualization

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Redhat Virtualization By: Ankur Verma C.S.E- VI Sem 0902710018 A.K.G.E.C,Ghaziabad

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Agenda

• Physical Vs Logical(Demo)

• Virtualization: The What?

• Virtualization: The How?

• Virtualization: The Why?

• Redhat Virtualization(Demo)

• Virtualization Vs. Virtualization

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Physical Vs Logical

A demonstration for Logical Volume Manager

(L.V.M) is suffice enough to give an insight of how great the things are if scaled ahead the physical boundaries…

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• Commands required for configuration:

Create the required partitions.

#fdisk /dev/sda

Create the physical volumes

#pvcreate /dev/sda{5,6,7}

Watch the pvsize and also the non usable size of the partition

#pvdisplay

Create volume group of the three partitions thus formed

#vgcreate vg0 /dev/hda{5,6,7} #vgdisplay

create the logical volume of the volume group thus formed using command:

#lvcreate -L +50M /dev/vg0 -n lv0 #lvdisplay

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We can even extend this logical volume thus formed using the following command depending upon our use:

#lvextend -L +25M /dev/vg0/lv0

Display the logical partition which actually exists for use:

#ls /dev/vg*

Finally after the partition is created:

mount a file system to it using command:

mkfs.ext3 -L /lvm_data /dev/vg0/lv0

Mounting it on a directory to use.

mount /dev/vg0/ /mnt

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Virtualization :

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In Past

One operating system on one machine , so ,the OS had complete control of the resources in that

machine. Various applications would run on that machine, but these applications could affect each other.

Machine utilisation was very low, most times it was below 20%.

Even Now!!

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Low server utilization, and

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then came the era of

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Virtualization :

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Virtualization, in computing, is the creation of a virtual (rather

than actual) version of something, such as a hardware platform, operating system, a storage device or network resources.

The usual goal of virtualization is to centralize administrative tasks while improving scalability and overall hardware-resource utilization.

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Virtual Machine Monitor(or Hypervisor)

Each virtual machine interfaces with its host system via the virtual machine

monitor (VMM). Being the primary link between a VM and the host OS and

hardware, the VMM provides a crucial role.

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OS and Apps in a VM don't know that the VMM exists or that they share CPU

resources with other VMs

VMM should run protected from all Guest software

VMM should isolate Guest SW stacks from one another

VMM should present a virtual platform interface to Guest SW

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x86 modes: Privilege Levels

• x86 processor’s segment-protection mechanism recognizes 4 privilege levels (0-high, 3-low level)

• The center (reserved for the most privileged code) is used for the segments containing the critical software, usually the kernel of an operating system.

• Outer rings are used for less critical software.

• The processor uses privilege levels to prevent a program or task operating at a lesser privilege level from accessing a segment with a greater privilege, except under controlled situations.

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• Full Virtualization

• Para Virtualization

Virtualization Types:

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Full Virtualization

Complete simulation of the underlying

hardware.

Every salient feature of the hardware is

reflected into one of several virtual machines –

including the full instruction set, input/output

operations, interrupts, memory access, and

whatever other elements are used by the

software that runs on the bare machine, and

that is intended to run in a virtual machine.

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Para Virtualization

presents a software interface to virtual

machines that is similar but not identical to

that of the underlying hardware.

The intent of the modified interface is to

reduce the portion of the guest's execution

time spent performing operations which are

substantially more difficult to run in a virtual

environment compared to a non-virtualized

environment.

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Virtualization :

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Major Hypervisors

Xen : University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory Fully open sourced

Set of patches against the Linux kernel

VMware ESX : Closed source

Proprietary drivers

VirtualBox: a free hypervisor from SUN Systems. Limited functionality

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Xen

• Hypervisor that supports x86, x86_64, Itanium,

and ARM architectures.

• can run Linux, Windows, Solaris, and some of the

BSDs as guests on their supported CPU

architectures.

• can do full virtualization on systems that support

virtualization extensions, but can also work as a

hypervisor on machines that don't have the

virtualization extensions.

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• If you want to run a Xen host, you need to have a supported kernel.

• Though after kernel 2.6.23 ,linux has started to

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KVM

• Hypervisor that is in the mainline Linux kernel.

• runs on x86 and x86-64 systems with hardware

supporting virtualization extensions.

• KVM isn't an option on older CPUs made before

the virtualization extensions were developed, and

it rules out newer CPUs (like Intel's Atom CPUs)

that don't include virtualization extensions.

• If you're getting a recent Linux kernel, you've

already got KVM built in.

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System Requirements

Xen para-virtualization requirements

• Para-virtualized guests require a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 installation tree available over the network using the NFS, FTP or HTTP protocols.

Xen full virtualization requirements

Full virtualization with the Xen Hypervisor requires:

• an Intel processor with the Intel VT extensions, or

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KVM requirements

The KVM hypervisor requires:

• an Intel processor with the Intel VT and the Intel

64 extensions, or

• an AMD processor with the AMD-V and the

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Red Hat

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Virtualization with Red Hat

Red Hat Virtualization provides a complete package of almost all types of virtualizations

1. Server/operating system virtualization

 integrated into kernel and OS platform(as KVM)

2. Storage virtualization: Global data

 Red Hat Global File System/CLVM

3. System management, resource management, provisioning

 Red Hat Network

4. Application environment consistency with non-virtualized environments

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced

Platform

Shared Storage

• Server and storage virtualization extends across multiple systems

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Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Advanced Platform

A fully integrated server and storage virtualization environment Multi Host/Instance Logical Volume Management

Multi Host/Instance Global File System Multi Host/Instance Application Migration

Provides a complete virtualization platform Server : Storage : Management

Simplifies deployment & manageability Increases flexibility & scalability

Integrates server & storage virtualization no special hardware

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Installing an Operating System

Options Available:

1)GUI(Graphical User Interface) 2)CLI(Command Line Interface)

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Basic packages Installation

# yum groupinstall Virtualization Libvirt

qemu-kvm

python-virtinst vir-manager

virt-viewer

The dependencies are configured automatically during the installation process.

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• Open the Virtual Machine Manager window. Select Applications System

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• Add a connection. Select File Add

Connection. The Add Connection pop-up appears.

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• Add a new Virtual Machine: Select

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Open Source Virtualization

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Virtualization – It's gonna be

even better!

• Multiple Hypervisor Support

(Xen, KVM, ....)

• Even better deployment

Cobbler – next gen. Installation server

• More manageble

oVirt (free platform virtualization management web application software developed by Red Hat)

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VMware Vs. VirtualBox Vs. KVM

Domains for comparison:

• Device Support

• Ease of use

• Installation

• Administration

• Look & Feel

• Performance

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Target

• The Enthusiasts

• The Architects

• The Executives

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References

Websites: • http://docs.redhat.com/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/5/html/Virtualization/ • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xen • http://xen.org/ • http://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=Ubuntu_10.04&p=kvm • http://www.linuxforu.com/2011/09/vmware-player-virtualbox-kvm-virtualization- comparative-review/http://www.linuxforu.com/2011/09/vmware-player-virtualbox-kvm-virtualization-comparative-review/ • https://www.linux.com/news/enterprise/systems-management/327628-kvm-or-xen-choosing-a-virtualization-platform Persons

• Mr. Abhay Verma, IT (VIII Sem), AKGEC

• Mr. Saurabh Singh

SENIOR ASSOCIATE , Headstrong Corporation Ltd

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Contd..

Documents and Books:

• Xen and the Art of Virtualization

Paper by:

Paul Barham, University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory

• Fedora Bible: 2010 Edition By: Wiley Publication

• Virtualization Guide: Red Hat Virtualization

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