Study Material AA4

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What I have done in life! / ¡Lo que he hecho en mi vida!

In this last learning activity, you will learn how to describe events and situations that started in the past and are still taking place in present time. For that purpose, we will be working on the present perfect tense together with some useful vocabulary to be used with it. / En esta última actividad de aprendizaje usted aprenderá cómo

describir eventos y situaciones que iniciaron en el pasado y aún están ocurriendo en el tiempo presente. Con este propósito, trabajaremos el tiempo presente perfecto junto con algún vocabulario útil que se puede usar con dicha estructura.

Dear learner, / Estimado aprendiz:

This material will help you study the topics related to learning activity 4. / Este

material le permitirá estudiar los temas relacionados con la actividad de aprendizaje 4.

You will learn about: / Los temas a tratar son: 1. Present perfect. / Presente perfecto.

2. Yet, just and already - Have you ever…? I have never… / Yet, just y already - Alguna vez ha…? Nunca he…

3. Talking about education. / Hablando de educación. 4. Indefinite pronouns. / Pronombres indefinidos.

5. Quantifiers: enough, quite, many, too much, a little, etc. (I have done nothing). / Cuantificadores: suficiente, un poco, muchos, mucho, un poco, entre otros. (No he hecho nada).

6. Vocabulary: health and lifestyle. / Vocabulario: salud y estilo de vida.

Through the contents mentioned above, you will also review the following topic: / A

través de los contenidos mencionados arriba, también repasará el siguiente tema:

Simple past - life experiencies. / Pasado simple - experiencias de vida. Let’s begin! / ¡Empecemos!

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1. Present perfect / Presente perfecto

A. Richard and Johana want to go away somewhere for a vacation. Read the conversation between them. / Richard y Johana quieren salir a algún lugar de

vacaciones. Lea la conversación entre ellos.

Richard, we need to go away

for a vacation!

Yes, you’re right. But, where do we

go?

Look! I got these vacation brochures from the travel agency. Let’s have a look. What do you prefer, hot or

cold weather?

Well, I want to go to the beach. Have you ever been to Miami?

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Yes, I have. I traveled with Nicole last year. But, I haven’t been to

Malibu, have you?

Yes, but forget about the US. Let’s go to

somewhere else. Have you traveled to

Cabo?

Yes, I’ve traveled to Cabo.

(Johana picks up a brochure for Cuba). What about

Cuba?

No. Look at this brochure. It is about

Greece… Don’t tell me you’ve been

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Fuente de imágenes: SENA

Note: we use present perfect to talk or ask about a general experience in the past. / Nota: usamos presente perfecto para hablar o preguntar acerca de una experiencia

general en el pasado.

To make the present perfect use have / has + past participle. / Para hacer el

presente perfecto use have / has + pasado participio.

I have traveled to Cabo. She has been to Miami.

Note: in contrast, we use the simple past to talk or ask about a specific moment in the past. / Nota: en contraste, usamos el pasado simple para hablar o preguntar

acerca de un momento específico en el pasado.

No, I have never been there yet. I

like the idea.

Great! We need to call the agency and ask about the

prices.

Yes, sure. Let’s do it!

Now Past

Before the past

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I traveled with Nicole last year.

B. The form of the present perfect is: have / has + verb (past participle). Listen - read to the following sentences from the conversation between Richard and Johanna to see how the structure is formed. Then, look at the box to see all the possible forms. / La forma del presente perfecto es: have / has + verbo (pasado participio).

Escuche, lea las siguientes oraciones de la conversación entre Richard y Johana para ver cómo se forma la estructura. Luego, observe la tabla para ver todas las posibles formas.

a. I have traveled to Cabo. b. You have been there too. c. Have you traveled to Cabo? d. I haven’t been to Malibu.

Positive form Negative form Interrogative form Short answers Wh- questions I have done the chores. I’ve done the chores. She has played tennis. She’s played tennis. I have not done the chores. I haven’t done the chores. She has not

played tennis. She hasn’t played tennis. Have you done the chores? Has she played tennis? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Or No, I have not. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. Or No, she has

not.

Where have they gone? Why has he

phoned?

C. There are some questions that we can ask and answer based on the conversation. Let’s have a look. / Hay algunas preguntas que podemos preguntar

y responder basándonos en la conversación. Observemos.

Now Past

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a. Where has Johana been to? She has been to Miami and Cabo. b. Have they planned their trip? No, they haven’t.

c. Has Johana traveled with Nicole? Yes, she has.

d. What have they decided? They have decided travel to Greece. e. Have they been to Greece? No, they haven’t.

Now, look at some questions and answers about things someone has done. /

Ahora, observe algunas preguntas y respuestas sobre cosas que alguien ha hecho.

Questions Answers

Have you ever been to England?

No, I have never been there. Yes, I have been there. Have you ever tried spicy

food?

No, I have never tried spicy food. Yes, I have tried spicy food. Have you ever traveled to

Australia?

No, I have never traveled to Australia. Yes, I have traveled to Australia.

Note: We use ever in interrogative sentences to ask if someone has done anything in his / her life until now. Put ever before the main verb. / Nota: Usamos ever en oraciones interrogativas para preguntar si alguien ha hecho algo en su

vida hasta ahora. Coloque siempre ever antes del verbo principal.

We use never in affirmative sentences to say that someone has not done anything. Put never before the main verb. / Usamos never en oraciones

afirmativas para decir que alguien no ha hecho algo. Coloque never antes del verbo principal.

D. Now, let’s have a look of the spelling of past participle form of the verbs. / Ahora,

observemos la forma de escribir los pasados participios de los verbos.

a. For regular verbs the past participle is the same as the past simple (+ ed). /

Para verbos regulares el pasado participio es el mismo al del pasado simple (+ ed).

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Infinitive Past simple Past participle

Wait Waited Waited

Travel Traveled Traveled

b. For irregular verbs the past participle is sometimes the same as the simple past. / Para verbos irregulares el pasado participio algunas veces es el mismo

al del pasado simple.

Infinitive Past simple Past participle

Catch Caught Caught

Begin Began Begun

Tell Told Told

Speak Spoke Spoken

2. Yet, just and already - Have you ever…? I have never… / Yet, just y already - Alguna vez ha…? Nunca he…

The adverbs yet, just and already can be used alongside the form of present. / Los

adverbios yet, just y already pueden ser usados junto con el presente perfecto.

A. Yet in interrogative sentences / Yet en oraciones interrogativas

We use it to ask if something we think is going to happen has occurred. Put it at the end of the sentence. / También usamos yet en oraciones interrogativas para

preguntar si algo que pensamos que iba a pasar ha pasado. Coloque yet al final de la oración.

Examples / Ejemplos:

 Have you taken your medicine yet? / ¿Has tomado tu medicina ya?

 Has it rained yet? / ¿Ya ha llovido?

B. Yet in negative sentences / Yet en oraciones negativas

We use it to say that something has not occurred. Put it at the end of the sentence. /

Usamos yet en oraciones negativas para expresar que algo no ha ocurrido. Coloque

yet al final de la oración. Examples / Ejemplos:

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 I haven’t done my homework yet.

 She hasn’t seen the movie yet.

C. Just in affirmative sentences / Just en oraciones afirmativas

We use it to say that something happened very recently. Put just before the main verb. / Usamos just en oraciones afirmativas para decir que algo pasó muy

recientemente. Coloque just antes del verbo principal.

 The plane has just landed.

 My mom has just called.

D. Already in affirmative sentences / Already en oraciones afirmativas

We use already in affirmative sentences to emphasize that something happened before the present time and / or earlier than expected. Put already before the main verb. / Usamos already en oraciones afirmativas para enfatizar que algo pasó antes

del tiempo actual y / o antes de lo esperado. Coloque already antes del verbo principal.

 I’ve already read Vargas Llosa’s last novel. It is brilliant!

 My teacher has already given the final essay to us.

Note: We use already and yet to add emphasis. For example: / Nota: usamos already y yet para enfatizar. Por ejemplo:

 I’ve already done my chores. Can I go to the park now?

 My dad hasn’t retired yet.

 It has already snowed although it is not winter yet.

3. Talking about education / Hablando de educación

You can talk about your own or someone’s educational history using the present perfect. You can also describe what you have done for an academic course or a class. Let’s have a look at some useful language related to education. / Usted puede

hablar sobre su historia educativa o la de alguien más usando el presente perfecto. También puede describir lo que ha hecho para un curso académico o una clase. Observemos una selección del vocabulario útil relacionado con educación.

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A. Look at the following words related to places and people in education and their definitions. / Observe el siguiente vocabulario relacionado con personas y lugares

en educación y sus definiciones.

Professor A university teacher.

Student

A person that studies at a school, college or university. Teacher A person who teaches in a school or college. Graduate

A person who has already obtained a University

degree.

Librarian

A person who works in a library.

Principal The head of a

school.

Nursery school A school for infant and

toddlers.

Public school A school where students have free education since

it is paid by the government.

Private school A school where you have to pay since it is

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University

A college in which people study to obtain a professional degree.

Elementary school A school for young children. It usually takes

students from 6 to 10 years old.

High school A school for old children. It usually

takes from 11 to 17 years old.

Fuente de imágenes: Fotolia (s.f.)

B. Read the list of academic programs, courses and classes. / Lea la lista de

programas académicos, cursos y clases.

Degrees / Títulos Technical Técnico Bachelor Pregrado Master Maestría Doctorate Doctorado Postgraduate Posgrado

Study areas / Áreas de estudio

Administration Administración Agronomy Agronomía Architecture Arquitectura Art Arte Biology Biología Business Negocios Chemistry Química Economics Economía Engineering Ingeniería Geology Geología History Historia Languages Idiomas Law Derecho Linguistics Lingüística

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Medicine Medicina

Philosophy Filosofía

Physics Física

Political science Ciencia política

Psychology Psicología

Social work Trabajo social

Teaching Docencia

Veterinary Veterinaria

Note: If you want to learn about specific degrees within the above mentioned areas, please, have a look to the glossary of this learning activity. / Nota: si desea conocer

programas específicos dentro de las áreas mencionadas arriba, por favor, revise el glosario correspondiente a esta actividad de aprendizaje.

C. Look at the following sentences and the verbs used in them. / Observe las

siguientes oraciones y los verbos usados en ellas.

Sentence / Frase Verb used /

Verbo usado Spanish / Español

I have never cheated on a test. / Nunca he hecho trampa en un

examen.

To cheat. Copiar o hacer trampa.

Carlos has dropped out university twice. / Carlos ha

abandonado la universidad dos veces.

To drop out. Abandonar o cancelar.

They have already done their homework for tomorrow. /

Ellos ya han terminado la tarea de mañana.

To do homework. Hacer la tarea.

We have started a new class this week. / Hemos iniciado

una nueva clase esta semana.

To start a class or course.

Iniciar una clase o curso.

She has passed all the English tests. / Ella ha pasado

todos los exámenes de inglés.

To pass a test or course.

Aprobar o pasar un examen o curso.

Yenny has failed the French course again. / Yenny ha

reprobado el curso de francés otra vez.

To fail a course or exam.

Reprobar o perder un curso o examen.

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D. Read the following questions and possible answers. These are helpful for starting conversations in educational contexts. / Lea las siguientes preguntas y sus

posibles respuestas; éstas son de ayuda para iniciar conversaciones en contextos educativos.

Questions / Preguntas Possible answers / Posibles respuestas What have you studied? /

¿Qué has estudiado?

I have studied law - engineering. / He estudiado

derecho - ingeniería.

Have you studied English? / ¿Has

estudiado inglés?

Yes, I have. I took a course last year. / Sí, lo he

hecho. Tomé un curso el año pasado.

Have you taken swimming classes? /

¿Has tomado clases de natación?

No, I haven’t. I don’t like water. / No, no lo he

hecho. No me gusta el agua.

Have you failed any class? / ¿Has perdido

alguna materia?

Yes, I have I failed chemistry last year. / Sí. Perdí

química el año pasado.

Have you passed the literature exams? / ¿Has

pasado los exámenes de literatura?

Yes, I have. I studied a lot for them. / Sí. Estudié

mucho para ellos.

Have you done the homework? / ¿Has

hecho la tarea?

No, I haven’t done it yet. / No, no la he hecho

todavía.

Have you prepared the science presentation? /

¿Has preparado la presentación de

ciencias?

Yes, I’ve just finished it. / Sí. Acabo de terminarla.

Have you done a postgraduate course? /

¿Has cursado algún posgrado?

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4. Indefinite pronouns / Pronombres indefinidos

A. Nicole traveled to Madrid last summer. Read the following text to know some details about her journey. / Nicole viajó a Madrid el verano pasado. Lea los

siguientes textos para conocer detalles sobre su viaje.

Fuente: SENA

Somewhere in Madrid

Last summer I traveled to Madrid. I had an international conference there. Unfortunately, some things in my journey weren’t so exciting. First, when I arrived to the airport there was nobody waiting for me, I had to wait for two hours until someone picked me up. Second, the food in the hotel was absolutely bad. Every day, I had to walk around the hotel to find somewhere to eat. In the congress nothing was different. When I arrived there, no one was able to give the correct directions. I didn’t know where to go so I got completely lost. However, everything wasn’t that bad. I ate something different every day. I met a lot of people. I visited some interesting and historical places. I hope I can travel again soon!

Has the teacher reviewed the papers? /¿Ha el

profesor revisado los trabajos?

Yes, he has. He handed them in yesterday. / Sí, ya

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Note: we use indefinite pronouns to refer to people, things or places without saying exactly who or what they are. / Nota: usamos pronombres indefinidos para referirnos

a personas, objetos o lugares sin decir exactamente qué o quiénes son.

 When I arrived to the airport there was nobody waiting for me.

 Every day I had to walk around the hotel to find somewhere to eat.

 I ate something different every day.

B. Indefinite pronouns can be used to refer to things, places or people. Please, look at the following chart: / Los pronombres indefinidos pueden ser usados para

referirse a cosas, lugares y personas. Por favor, observe la siguiente tabla:

Affirmative Interrogative and negative verb

Negative and affirmative verb

Things Something. Anything. Nothing.

Places Somewhere. Anywhere. Nowhere.

People Somebody. Someone. Anybody. Anyone. Nobody. No one.

C. Now, let’s have a look at how to use the indefinite pronouns. / Ahora, observemos

cómo usar los pronombres indefinidos.

a. We use something, someone, somewhere or somebody when we don’t say exactly who, what or where. / Usamos algo, alguien o algún lugar cuando no

sabemos exactamente a quién, a qué o al lugar al que nos estamos refiriendo.

 Somebody stole my bike.

 I was starving. I ate something five minutes ago.

 He went to somewhere nice last weekend.

b. We use anything, anybody, anywhere in interrogative sentences. / Usamos anything, anybody, anywhere en preguntas.

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 Did you hear anything?

 Was anyone in the house?

c. We use anything, anybody, anywhere, etc., with negative verb. Read the box to find out about their use. / Usamos anything, anybody, anywhere, entre otras

con verbo negativo. Lea la tabla para conocer su uso.

Correct Incorrect

They didn’t go anywhere last Saturday. They stayed at home.

They didn’t go nowhere last Saturday. They stayed at home. What did you do yesterday?

I didn’t do anything.

What did you do yesterday? I didn’t do nothing. There wasn’t anybody in the

classroom.

There wasn’t nobody in the classroom.

d. We use nobody, nothing, nowhere, etc., in short answers. / Usamos nobody, nothing, nowhere, entre otras en respuestas cortas.

 Who was in the kitchen? Nobody.

 Where did they go? Nowhere.

e. We use nobody, nothing, nowhere, etc., in affirmative sentences. Read the box to find out about their use. / Usamos nobody, nothing, nowhere, entre otros

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Correct Incorrect Did you hear any news?

No. I heard nothing.

Did you hear any news? No. I didn’t hear nothing. I met nobody / no one. I met anyone.

They went nowhere. They went anywhere.

5. Quantifiers: enough, quite, many, too much, a little, etc. (I have done nothing) / Cuantificadores: suficiente, un poco, muchos, mucho, un

poco, entre otros. (No he hecho nada)

A. John meets Richard in the street. Read the conversation between them. / John se

encuentra a Richard en la calle. Lea su conversación.

Hi

Richard! Hey John.

How are you?

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In fact, not so well.

Why? What’s happening?

I feel sick. I don’t know, but I feel like I

don’t have any energy.

What have you been

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I have been studying. My final

exams are next week. I had them last week. But, let me ask you something. How much sport or exercise do you do in a week?

None. I’m too busy.

How much fast food do

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A lot. I don’t have enough

time to cook. That sounds

bad. And how much coffee do you drink?

I have no idea! I drink many cups of coffee every day. About ten.

How much water do you

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A little, I prefer drinking soda.

John, you have to stop doing that! You have a terrible lifestyle. You should drink a lot of water

and stop drinking soda. Moreover, you have to do

more exercise. That would be good for you. But, the worst habit you have is the fast food. You

can’t eat it every single day. Instead of eating fast

food you have to eat many fruit and

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Note: a quantifier is a word or phrase which is used to indicate the amount or quantity. / Nota: un cuantificador es una palabra o frase la cual se usa para indicar la cantidad de algo.

Richard: How much fast food do you eat?

John: Well, I eat too much. I don’t have enough time to cook. Richard: That sounds bad. And how much coffee do you drink?

John: I have no idea! I drink many cups of coffee per day, like ten I think so.

B. Now, let’s have a look of how to use the quantifiers. / Ahora, observemos cómo

usar los cuantificadores.

a. Too, too much, too many / Demasiado

 We use too, too much, too many to say “more than necessary”. / Usamos too, too much, too many para decir “más que necesario”.

 We use too much + uncountable nouns. / Usamos too much + sustantivos no contables.

You’re totally right.

That should help. Yes, I can

help you if you want. Really? That will

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 We use too many + countable nouns. / Usamos too many + sustativos contables.

 He has an unhealthy life. He eats too many cakes.

 I am so stressed. I have too much work to do.

 She said she isn’t going out. She is too tired.

Note: In English we use too + an adjective. / Nota: en inglés usamos too + un adjetivo.

b. Enough / Suficiente

 We use enough before a noun to mean “all that is necessary”. / Usamos enough antes de un sustantivo para decir que “todo es necesario”.

 We also use enough after an adjective. / También usamos enough

después de un adjetivo.

 Do you drink enough water?

 I don’t do enough exercise.

 My apartment isn’t big enough. c. A little, a few / Un poco, unos pocos

 We use a little (very little) and a few (very few) to talk about small quantities.

 We use a little / very little with uncountable nouns.

 We use a few / very few with countable nouns.

Correct Incorrect

I have to stop eating fast food. I am too fat.

I have to stop eating fast food. I am too much fat.

They can’t go out with us because they are too busy.

They can’t go out with us because they are too much busy.

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 I drink a little soda.

 I eat very little sugar.

 She has very few friends.

 I bought a few strawberries.

6. Vocabulary: health and lifestyle / Vocabulario: salud y estilo de vida To talk about habits or lifestyle we use the following useful language: / Para hablar

de salud y estilo de vida podemos usar estas expresiones:

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Read to the conversation between Johana and Nicole. / Lea la conversación entre

Johana y Nicole.

Questions / Preguntas Possible answers / Posibles respuestas

How much fast food do you eat? I eat too much. / I never have any. How much do you walk in a day? A lot. / A little.

How much sport and exercise do you

do in a week? A lot. / A little. / Not enough. How many cigarettes do you smoke

per day? A few.

How much time do you have for

yourself? Very little. / Not enough. / A lot. How many portions of fruit and

vegetables do you eat per day? A lot. / A few. How often do you wear sunscreen? Only when I’m on holiday.

How much water do you drink? Very little. / Not enough. / A lot.

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Hi, Jo. How is everything going? That’s true. We haven’t had enough time to sleep these days.

I feel exhausted. I know, all the

exams and presentations, we have had little time

for ourselves.

Good. I’m too tired. This week

has been terrible. We have had so many things to

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I have already started but I still

have 500 hundred words left to write. I’m going to finish it tomorrow. What

about you? I’m glad the week

is almost over. Have you written the history essay

yet?

Why is that? At least you

have started. I haven’t had the

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Really? Nothing at

all? I haven’t chosen the

topic yet. I searched the web about colonial history but I

didn’t find it interesting. Absolutely nothing. You have to change your topic then.

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Just let me know if you need any help. Yeah, you’re right. I

need to find something else I

really like.

About University? Let’s change the

topic. Have you thought about next

year? Sure.

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I also have mixed feelings about my career. I’m not sure

about it. I have considered medicine and also engineering. What have you looked

at? I read a few brochures about the languages program. I liked it but I am also curious about psychology. I need to find more information on both programs. Yes! Have you

looked at any programs yet? Only a few. I haven’t made up my mind about it.

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Absolutely! Let’s see what

happens in the next few months.

Totally agree!

For the time being; let’s enjoy

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A. Now, based on the conversation, choose true or false. / Ahora, basado en la

conversación seleccione falso o verdadero.

True False

Nicole and Johana are at school.

They are on holiday. Nicole has finished her

history essay. Johana has started her

essay. They are looking at University programs. They have finished their

tea.

Johana has considered a psychology career.

Nicole has already applied to a medicine

school.

B. Answer the following questions: / Responda las siguientes preguntas: 1. Nicole and Johana are tired because:

a. They have played basketball at school.

b. They have had too much homework for school. c. They have worked a lot at the library.

2. Nicole has considered the following careers: a. Medicine and psychology.

b. Languages and law. c. Medicine and engineering.

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3. Nicole has had mixed feelings about her: a. Final tests.

b. History essay. c. Future career.

4. Johana offered Nicole help in:

a. Choosing a topic for the history essay. b. Choosing a university program.

c. Choosing a history book to read.

C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the present perfect using the language in the box. Remember to make all the necessary changes in the verbs. /

Complete las oraciones con la forma correcta del presente perfecto usando los verbos en el recuadro. Recuerde hacer todos los cambios necesarios en los verbos.

1. Nicole ______________ ______________ high school.

2. Johana ______________ ______________ her mind about what to study at University.

3. ______________ they ______________ their careers yet? 4. Nicole ______________ ______________ her history essay. 5. ______________ the week ______________ yet?

6. They ______________ ______________ well during the last week.

7. Both Nicole and Johana ______________ ______________ about university programs.

8. Johana ______________ ______________ exhausted.

9. Nicole ______________ ______________ the web on history topics. 10. Johana ______________ ______________ part of her history essay.

A. Read about Marion, a language teacher who loves traveling. Then, complete the text with the phrases from the box. / Lea sobre Marion, una profesora de lenguas

think / not start / decide / not sleep / feel / not finish / end / search / write / not make up

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a quien le encanta viajar. Luego, complete el texto con las frases que encuentra en el recuadro.

I started teaching languages many years ago. ___________, I have taught English to thousands of students. Thanks to my job, ___________to several places in the world and I have learned about different cultures. From 1994 to 2000 ___________, where I worked at a public school in Nuremberg. ___________Germany in 2001 when I got married and moved to India. My husband, Ron and I lived in Mumbai for five years. In 2006 we left India and ___________and visited Africa where we did voluntary work in Uganda. That was a renovating experience. In 2008 we arrived to Latin America where ___________a language school in the city of Buenos Aires. ___________in Central and South America. For example, we have been to Bogota, Lima, Mexico city and Rio de Janeiro. We fell in love with the Latin-American culture. We have had the greatest time of our lives here. I have just flown to England where I’m going to stay for some time with my family and friends. ___________Because my husband is in charge of the School now, so I don’t have to worry about it for some time. For that reason, ___________a holiday with my friends to Greece.

B. Now, read the complete text again. Read the questions and choose the best option. / Ahora, lea el texto completo nuevamente. Lea las preguntas y escoja la

mejor opción.

I started teaching languages many years ago. Since I started, I have taught English to thousands of students. Thanks to my job, I have traveled to several places in the world and I have learned about different cultures. From 1994 to 2000 I lived in Germany, where I worked at a public school in Nuremberg. I left Germany in 2001 when I got married and moved to India. My husband, Ron and I lived in Mumbai for five years. In 2006 we left India and took a long break and visited Africa where we did voluntary work in Uganda. That was a renovating experience. In 2008 we arrived to Latin America where we opened a language school in the city of Buenos Aires. We have visited several cities in Central and South America. For example, we have been to Bogota, Lima, Mexico city and Rio de Janeiro. We fell in love with the Latin-American culture. We have had the greatest time of our lives here. I have just flown to England where I’m going to stay for some time with my family and friends. I haven’t got the return ticket to Argentina yet because my husband is in charge of the School now, so I don’t

Since I started / I have traveled / I lived in Germany / I left / took a long break / we opened / We have visited several cities / I haven’t got the return ticket to

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have to worry about it for some time. For that reason, I have already booked a holiday with my friends to Greece.

1. In how many countries has Marion lived since she started teaching? a. 2.

b. 5. c. 4.

2. Where has she had the best time of her live? a. Latin America.

b. India. c. Africa.

3. For how long did she live in India? a. 3 years.

b. 4 years. c. 5 years.

4. What language has she taught? a. Spanish.

b. English. c. German.

5. Where has she just booked a ticket to? a. Greece.

b. Argentina. c. England.

C. Write the correct past participles of the following verbs. / Escriba los pasados

participios de los siguientes verbos.

1. Go. ______________ 2. Be. ______________ 3. Buy. ______________ 4. Sing. ______________ 5. Do. ______________ 6. Try. ______________

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7. Write. ______________ 8. Catch. ______________ 9. Wear. ______________ 10. Read. ______________ 11. Drive. ______________ 12. Tell. ______________ 13. Wait. ______________ 14. Speak. ______________ 15. Walk. ______________ 16. Dig. ______________ 17. Make. ______________ 18. Forget. ______________ 19. Become. ______________ 20. Give. ______________

D. Choose the correct past simple form. / Escoja la opción correcta del pasado

simple.

1. What _____________ after the school? a. Did you did.

b. you did. c. did you do.

2. I _____________ to bring the bread. a. forgot.

b. forgotten. c. forget.

3. She _____________ the ball. a. didn’t caught .

b. didn’t catched. c. didn’t catch.

4. Sarah and Jeff _____________ to the Saturday night concert. a. gone.

b. went. c. go.

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a. was he. b. did he be. c. were he.

E. Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases. / Corrija los errores en las frases

resaltadas.

1. I’ve never ate spicy food.

____________________________________________________________.

2. What year have you finished high school?

____________________________________________________________.

3. They haven’t came yet.

____________________________________________________________.

4. He left the office at 4:00 but he yet hasn’t arrived.

____________________________________________________________.

5. Did you heard the thunder?

____________________________________________________________.

6. She haven’t called us.

____________________________________________________________.

7. They’s just finded a new apartment.

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____________________________________________________________. 9. Can I go out to play? I’ve finish already my homework.

____________________________________________________________.

10. Did you sent the e-mail?

____________________________________________________________. F. According to the picture write the correct sentences. / De acuerdo con la imagen

escriba las oraciones correctas.

Fuente: SENA

She

Australia She has been to Australia. Portugal

Peru Japan

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Spain He hasn’t been to Spain. Russia

China Scotland

They

Brazil They have been to Brazil.

Cuba Finland Argentina

G. Write the verbs parentheses in the present perfect or simple past form. / Escriba

los verbos en paréntesis en la forma del presente perfecto o el pasado simple.

A: _____________ you ever _____________ any English novels? (read) B: Yes, I _____________English literature when I was in high school. (study) A: _____________you _____________ the eggs yesterday? (buy)

B: No, I _____________ _____________ time. (not / have)

A: _____________you _____________ the new X-men movie? (watch) B: No, I _____________ _____________ it yet. (not / watch)

A: _____________you _____________to the supermarket last night? (go) B: Yes, I finally _____________ to. (go)

A: _____________ you ever _____________ to a famous actor? (speak) B: Yes, I _____________ Carlos Vives last year. (meet)

H. Choose the correct indefinite pronouns. / Escoja el pronombre indefinido correcto. 1. My bag was on the table. __________________ has taken it.

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c. somebody.

2. Look! There is __________________ in your hair. a. onething.

b. something. c. nothing.

3. They were arguing. But after the discussion she said __________________ and left the room.

a. anything. b. nothing. c. everything.

4. How was your last weekend?

It was perfect. We travelled to the coast. __________________ went as we wished.

a. everything. b. nothing. c. something.

5. Hey, have you seen my wallet? No, why?

I’ve looked for it, but I don’t find it.

Don’t worry. It should be __________________ here. a. Nowhere.

b. somewhere. c. anywhere.

A. Look at the picture. Select true or false for each statement. / Observe la imagen.

Marque las frases como verdadero o falso.

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Fuente: SENA

True False

There isn’t anywhere to sit.

Someone is smoking. The man on the right

is saying something to the guy. There is nothing to

eat.

B. Read the phrases from 1 - 6 and from a - f below. Match the phrases that should be linked together according to their meaning. One is done for you as example. /

Lea las oraciones de 1 - 6 y de a - f. Una las frases que deberían estar juntas de acuerdo con sus significados. Una ya está hecha como ejemplo.

1. I can’t sleep. _d__ 2. He’s really obese. ____ 3. I can’t go to a party. ____ 4. I can’t pay you now. ____ 5. My backpack is so heavy. ____ 6. I can’t live in that apartment. ____

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c. I have too many things in it. d. There’s too much noise. e. It isn’t enough big. f. I’m too old.

C. Complete the sentences with the correct verb form of the verbs from the box. /

Complete las oraciones con la forma correcta de los verbos en el recuadro.

1. If I want to watch TV, I have to _________________ all my homework. 2. I forgot we have our final exam today. I didn’t _________________ for it. 3. Our chemistry teacher is really good. He always _________________ the

previous lessons.

4. My brother has just _________________ his English exam.

5. The principal was furious because some students had _________________ on the exam.

6. She is so sad. Although she studied for the text, she has _________________ it.

7. Laura, do you want to go out this night?

I would like to, but I have to study. I’m _________________ my last exam tomorrow morning.

D. Read the following questions and match them to the correct subject areas. / Lea

las siguientes preguntas y relaciónelas con el área de estudio adecuada.

Who wrote “A hundred years of solitude”?

a. Biology

What is the capital of Scotland?

b. Geography

What's the difference between Na+ c. History fail / study / cheat / do / take / revise / study.

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What’s 6÷2 (1+2)?

d. Literature

Who created the first alphabet?

e. Chemistry

What are examples of a carnivorous and a herbivorous reptile?

f. Maths

A. Listen to the following words. Click on the word with different sound. / Escuche

las siguientes palabras. Seleccione la palabra con un sonido diferente.

1. Vowels / Vocales

i

Sleep. Sister. Beach.

ɪ

Live. Study. Need.

Note: This practice must be completed using the multimedia version of the study material. There you will find the corresponding sound files. / Nota: esta práctica

debe ser completada usando la versión multimedia del material de estudio. Allí encontrará los archivos de audio correspondientes.

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n

Think. Next. Lunch.

ɒ

Compost. Vomit. Come.

u

Two. Dose. School.

ʌ

Conservation. Does. Son.

oʊ

Chickenpox. Go. Not.

s

Dessert. Passport. Salmon.

z

Bruise. Used. Disease.

2. Verbs with -ed endings / Verbos que finalizan en -ed

–ed = /d/

Helped. Enjoyed. Belonged.

–ed = /t/

Crashed. Dressed. Jailed.

–ed = /ɪd/

Exported. Worried. Demanded.

B. Listen to each of the following words and identify their stress pattern. / Escuche

las siguientes palabras e identifique el patrón de estrés.

 Dangerous.

 Relatives.

 Semester.

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 Fascinated.  Christmas.  Panama.  Exciting.  Appointment.  Infection.  Chickenpox.  Information.  Garbage.  Operation.  Container.  Medicine.  Guitar.  Hazards.  Demonstration.  Precious.  Annoyed.  Dangerous.  Committed.  Fascinated.  Nosebleed.  Kilometer.  Populated.  Smartphone.  Inspired.  Expensive.

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 Fotolia. (s.f.). Christ Church college. Oxford, England. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/49019658

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Creative kids class. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

http://co.fotolia.com/id/60804027

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Female graduate. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Group student near blackboard. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/55298696

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Librarian placing a book. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/42731380

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Portrait Of College Student With Backpack and digital tablet. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/59479482

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Principal and teacher. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Professor with class. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Schoolboy sitting at desk with classmates in a row. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en http://co.fotolia.com/id/54047753

 Fotolia. (s.f.). School building. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

 Fotolia. (s.f.). Teacher. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

 Fotolia. (s.f.). University campus. Consultado el 25 de septiembre de 2014, en

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Name Position Dependence Date

Authors

Kelly Johanna Vera Diettes

Theme expert Asesor English Dot

Works - Programa de bilingüismo Dirección de formación profesional. Dirección General September 2014 Nicole Bruskewitz Theme expert Asesor English Dot

Works - Programa de bilingüismo Dirección de formación profesional. Dirección General September 2014 Adaptation Rachman Bustillo Martínez

Copy editor – Línea de producción Centro Agroindustrial. Regional Quindío October 2014