2010
2010
2010
The Magazine For Pump Users Worldwide
August 2010
pump-zone.com
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APABILITIES
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APABILITIES
Special Section Page 15
INSIDE: ENERGY FOOTPRINT OF SEALING SYSTEMS
INSIDE:
ENERGY FOOTPRINT OF SEALING SYSTEMS
The Magazine For Pump Users Worldwide
pump-zone.com
August 2010
www.moyno.com
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®positive displacement pumps handle a broad
range of fluids from clean, thin, shear-sensitive products
to viscous, corrosive, abrasive slurries and sludges
with unmatched performance versatility.
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Pumps
PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com AUGUST 2010 1
Letter from the Editor
PUMPS & SYSTEMS (ISSN# 1065-108X) is published monthly by Pumps & Systems, a member of the Cahaba Media Group, 1900 28th Avenue So., Suite 110, Birmingham, AL 35209. Periodicals postage paid at Birmingham, AL, and additional mailing offi ces. Subscriptions: Free of charge to qualifi ed industrial pump users. Publisher reserves the right to determine qualifi cations. Annual sub-scriptions: US and possessions $48, all other countries $125 US funds (via air mail). Single copies: US and possessions $5, all other countries $15 US funds (via air mail). Call (630) 482-3050 inside or outside the U.S. POSTMASTER: send change of address to Pumps & Systems, PO BOX 9, Batavia, IL 60510-0009. ©2010 Cahaba Media Group, Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written consent of the publisher. The publisher does not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of any advertisements, articles or descriptions herein, nor does the publisher warrant the validity of any views or opinions offered by the authors of said articles or descriptions. The opinions expressed are those of the individual authors, and do not necessarily represent the opinions of Cahaba Media Group. Cahaba Media Group makes no representation or warranties regarding the accuracy or appropriateness of the advice or any advertisements contained in this magazine. SUBMISSIONS: We welcome submissions. Unless otherwise negotiated in writing by the editors, by sending us your submission, you grant Cahaba Media Group, Inc. permission by an irrevocable license to edit, reproduce, distribute, publish and adapt your submission in any medium on multiple occasions. You are free to publish your submission yourself or to allow others to republish your submission. Submissions will not be returned.
is a member of the following organizations:
W
e report about the State of the Industry in our annual January issue to gain insight into market trends, obstacles, concerns and growth potential. As we highlight corporate capabilities this month (page 15), we decided to explore an industry update.Is the economy really improving? “The consensus is ‘Yes,’” according to Grundfos Pumps USA President Dennis Wierzbicki. “But it will be a slow climb. Inventories and cash management continue as they did in 2009. Manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers and contractors continue to manage inventories closely, which puts a premium on those who have inventories and can respond to market needs.
“As usual, certain market sectors are show-ing signs of improvement. Even residential homes are beginning to move in certain states, as well as specifi c industrial markets. 2010 will continue to be a slow climb for the industry, but optimism for the long term also continues.”
The Gulf of Mexico oil spill has signifi -cantly slowed offshore activities and suggests continued investments in onshore activities in North America, says Weir Oil & Gas Division VP of Business Development Bill Tipton. “Economic recovery in the U.S. will continue to support sustainability of current rebound oil & gas market trends (drilling, well comple-tions, etc), and pricing will refl ect higher energy
demands to support recovery,” he says.
“Investment in technology innovations with a focus on more durable products is criti-cal to support the horizontal/directional drilling with hydraulic fracturing markets. We expect pricing improvements to continue with service companies in the North American sector.”
From the perspective of the end user, “Vendors and reps seem to have gone one of two ways,” explains Brian Cummings, E/M trainer for Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission. “Some have decided it is time to tighten their belts. Those who have not down-sized are falling all over themselves and being as helpful as they can with anything they can. It is like night and day.
“Also, things like automation, simpler and less time-consuming maintenance, reliability and longevity are more important now than ever. Unfortunately, for the short-sighted pur-chaser, the importance of keeping a low initial cost has increased. When it comes to develop-ing traindevelop-ing material you can only get two out of three of the following: good, fast or cheap.”
Pumps & Systems will continue to keep an
eye on the health of the pump industry. Let us know what you are experiencing in your busi-ness. Best Regards, PUBLISHER Walter B. Evans, Jr. ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER VP-SALES George Lake [email protected] 205-345-0477 EDITOR VP-EDITORIAL Michelle Segrest [email protected] 205-314-8279 MANAGING EDITOR Lori K. Ditoro [email protected] 205-314-8269 MANAGING EDITOR— ELECTRONIC MEDIA Julie Smith [email protected] 205-314-8265 CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Laurel Donoho Joe Evans, PhD Dr. Lev Nelik, PE, APICS
INTERNS
Abigail Garner Catherine Jones
SENIOR ART DIRECTOR
Greg Ragsdale PRODUCTION MANAGER Lisa Freeman [email protected] 205-212-9402 CIRCULATION Tom Cory [email protected] 630-482-3050 ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES Charli K. Matthews [email protected] 205-345-2992 Derrell Moody [email protected] 205-345-0784 Mary-Kathryn Baker [email protected] 205-345-6036 Mark Goins [email protected] 205-345-6414 ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Ashley Morris [email protected] 205-561-2600 A Publication of P.O. Box 530067 Birmingham, AL 35253 Editorial & Production Offi ces 1900 28th Avenue South, Suite 110
Birmingham, AL 35209 Phone: 205-212-9402 Advertising Sales Offi ces 2126 McFarland Blvd. East. Suite A
Tuscaloosa, AL 35404 Phone: 205-345-0477 or 205-345-0784
Editorial Advisory Board
William V. Adams, Director, New Business
Development/Corp. Mktg., Flowserve Corporation
Thomas L. Angle, PE, Vice President, Product
Engineering, Weir Specialty Pumps
Robert K. Asdal, Executive Director, Hydraulic
Institute
Bryan S. Barrington, Machinery Engineer, Lyondell
Chemical Co.
Kerry Baskins, Vice President, Grundfos Pumps
Corporation
R. Thomas Brown III, President, Advanced Sealing
International (ASI)
John Carter, President, Warren Rupp, Inc.
David A. Doty, North American Sales Manager,
Moyno Industrial Pumps
Ralph P. Gabriel, Director of Product Development,
John Crane
William E. Neis, PE, President, NorthEast Industrial
Sales
Dr. Lev Nelik, PE, Apics, President, Pumping
Machinery, LLC
Henry Peck, President, Geiger Pumps & Equipment/
Smith-Koch, Inc.
Mike Pemberton, Manager, ITT Performance
Services
Earl Rogalski, Sr. Product Manager, KLOZURE®,
Hydro, Inc. l Chicago, IL Headquarters
312.738.3000 www.hydroinc.com
HydroAire, Inc. Chicago, IL Madison St. & 40th St. 800.223.7867
Hydro East, Inc. Philadelphia, PA 610.497.7867
Hydro South, Inc. Atlanta, GA 770.475.3393
HydroTex Dynamics, Inc. Houston, TX 713.937.9001 HydroTex Golden Triangle, Inc. Beaumont, TX 409.842.3619
HydroTex Deer Park, Inc. Deer Park, TX
713.937.9141 U.S. Service Centers
In our continuing commitment to the pump industry, Hydro has designed
and built a new state of the art Test Lab dedicated to the needs and
requirements of the pump aftermarket.
Key features include
• Designed in compliance with Hydraulic Institute Standards and API 610 • Capable of testing horizontal, vertical and submersible pumps
• Maximum of 5000 HP
• Variable Frequency Drive; 2 or 4 pole speeds
• Flows of up to 21,000 GPM on the horizontal loop and 42,000 GPM on the vertical loop • State of the art data collection system
This new capability enables Hydro to work with our customers to develop and implement engineering modifications for improving the performance of your critical pumps and then to verify that performance in the lab. And because the test lab is dedicated to the aftermarket we have the flexibility to schedule tests to meet your needs.
The Test Lab, located in Hydro’s Service Center in Chicago, is strategically located to service pump users throughout North America.
For additional information contact Jeff Johnson at [email protected] or call 281.475.9680.
Critical Testing
Optimum Performance
N
PT
N
Evans Hydro, Inc.Los Angeles, CA 310.608.5801CW Hydro, Inc.
Incheon Metropolitan, Korea 82.32.561.0971
Hydro Australia, Inc. Morwell, Australia 61.3.5165.0390
Hydro Scotford, Inc. Edmonton, AB Canada 780.992.0100 Safe-T Hydro, Inc.
Port Coquitlam, BC Canada 604.941.1116
Hydro Middle East, Inc. Dubai, United Arab Emirates 971.50.5547129
International Service Centers
B
ACKTOB
ASICSp
Basic Rules for Measuring Frequency Spectra Mickey Harp, Ludeca, Inc.The measurement settings to consider while measuring valid frequency spectra.
P
UMPB
USINESSS
PECIALR
EPORTp
The Role of Distributors in Today’sMarketplace
Marcus W. Pillion, EagleBurgmann, U.S.
Distributors can help an organization be profi table and deliver value to the marketplace.
A
FTERMARKETp
The Hidden Consequences of Poor QualityGeorge Harris, Hydro, Inc.
Analyzing the poor repairs on a boiler feed pump and how they affect the pump’s performance and reliability.
P
RACTICE& O
PERATIONSp
High Tech Tools for Greener Pumps and Pump SystemsGreg Case, Pump Design, Development & Diagnostics, LLC
Using advanced, computer-based design tools to improve pump and pump system, effi ciency and reliability.
Table of Contents
98D
EPARTMENTS P&S News . . . 6 Pump Ed 101 . . . 8 Joe Evans, Ph.D.AC Power (Part Three): AC Circuit Loads
Pumping Prescriptions . . . 12 Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E., APICS
Think Simple Before Rushing to Fancy Analysis
Maintenance Minders . . . 84 Chris Eckert, Apollo Associated Services
Slow Down and Think Causally to Solve a Problem
Efficiency Matters . . . 88 Andreas Kneer
Take Control of Operations
FSA Sealing Sense. . . 92
What Is The Energy Footprint of Sealing Systems?
HI Pump FAQs. . . 96
Reciprocating power pumps, critical speed, timing gears on rotary pumps
Product Pipeline . . . 108 Index of Advertisers . . . 109 P&S Stats and Interesting Facts . . . .112
August 2010
Volume 18 • Number 82010
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The Magazine For Pump Users Worldwide August 2010
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CORPORATE CAPABILITIESSpecial Section Page 15
INSIDE: ENERGY FOOTPRINT OF SEALING SYSTEMS
INSIDE: ENERGY FOOTPRINT OF SEALING SYSTEMS
The Magazine For Pump Users Worldwide
pump-zone.com August 2010 100 102 105
2010
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ORPORATE
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APABILITIES
15 ㅣwww.hyundai-elec.com
WP Ⅰ / WP Ⅱ TEAAC
ㅣ330 East First Street, Mansfield, OH 44902, U.S.A. ㅣTel: 419-522-3611ㅣOliver Kwon, [email protected]
ㅣ140-2 Gye-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-793ㅣTel: 82-2-746-7541ㅣAdrian Woo, [email protected]
TEFC
Our most efficient powerful Motor series gives you the utmost certainty and assurance as we guarantee the best of the best in this field.
For over 30 years, Hyundai Motors have shown its Miraculous Power and Assurance.
c ir c le 1 0 9 o n c a rd o r g o t o p s fr e e in fo .c o m
P&S News
PEOPLE
HYDRO, INC. (CHICAGO, ILL.) announces that HydroAire has appointed Don Spencer as the Manager
of Nuclear Services in its Nuclear Division. Spencer, a registered professional engineer, has spent more than 30 years in the nuclear pump industry. His most recent posi-tion with Sulzer was General Manager of Nuclear Services.
HydroTex appoints h eo Simpson as Vice President of Sales. Simpson previously worked with HydroTex in numerous posi-tions. He moved on to expand the presence for a major OEM in Columbia, Ecuador, and the Caribbean before returning to HydroTex in June 2010.
Hydro, Inc., has also designed and built a new Test Lab dedicated to the needs
and requirements of the pump aftermarket. Some key fea-tures include: the capability to test horizontal, vertical and submersible pumps; a maximum of 5,000 hp in either 2 or 4 pole speeds on the horizontal loop; a maximum of 3,000 hp on the vertical loop; and l ows of up to 21,000 gpm on the horizontal loop and 42,000 gpm on the vertical loop.
Hydro and its subsidiary companies provide aftermar-ket pump services to the power generation, petroleum, steel, paper and municipal markets. www.hydroinc.com
AROUND THE INDUSTRY
ITT CORP. (WHITE PLAINS, N.Y.) announced its agreement to purchase privately held Godwin Pumps. Godwin is a lead-ing supplier of automatic self-primlead-ing portable pumps used in the growing markets for drainage pump rental, services and sales serving the global industrial, construction, mining, municipal, oil and gas segments.
ITT has agreed to purchase Godwin from its principal shareholders for $585 million. h e transaction is expected to close in the third quarter of 2010, pending customary regula-tory approvals.
Godwin Pumps is based in Bridgeport, N.J., and has approximately 800 employees throughout the U.S. and at its manufacturing facility in Gloucestershire, England. h e company operates a U.S. rental l eet of more than 6,000 pumps at 26 equipment rental facilities and a network of approximately 50 distributors worldwide. Godwin’s 2009 revenues were approximately $200 million, with full-year 2010 revenues projected to be about $235 million. When combined with ITT’s existing dewatering sales, the Godwin acquisition is expected to double ITT’s revenues from dewa-tering equipment and services.
Godwin is known for its service capabilities in dewater-ing (the removal of unwanted water and other l uids) and the
original Dri-Prime pump, an automatic self-priming centrif-ugal pump range capable of handling industrial sludges, oil, sewage, storm water, mine dewatering and other pumping needs. Upon closing of the acquisition, Godwin will become part of ITT’s $1.6 billion water & wastewater business.
ITT Corp. also launched www.ITTMining.com, a new resource for mining industry professionals. h e com-pany will sponsor the 2010 Stockholm Junior Water Prize as well. Seventeen-year-old student Rebecca Ye from Maine was named the U.S. winner. She will move on to represent the U.S. in the global competition as part of Stockholm World Water Week this September.
ITT Corporation is an engineering and manufacturing company operating in three markets: water and l uids man-agement, global defense and security, and motion and l ow control. www.itt.com
SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC (PALATINE, ILL.) announced that it has signed an agreement to acquire SCADAgroup, an Aus-tralian-based provider of telemetry products and solutions for the water and waste-water, oil & gas and electric power end-market segments. Telemetry allows the remote measure-ment, monitoring, control and data transfer of infrastruc-tures scattered over a wide area or that are hard to access.
SCADAgroup has operations throughout North America, the UK and Australia and employs more than 500 people. h e company provides a complete portfolio of prod-ucts and solutions for telemetry applications including:
a SCADA software allowing consolidation and monitor-•
ing of information on the process
communication devices using radio for information •
transmission
remote terminal units (RTU) that collect and consolidate •
information from the i eld
wireless sensors to monitor key variables such as l ow, •
temperature and pressure
Schneider Electric focuses on energy management with operations in more than 100 countries and of ers integrated solutions for energy and infrastructure, industrial processes, building automation, and data centers/networks, as well as in residential applications. www.schneider-electric.us
GARLOCK SEALING TECHNOLOGIES (PALMYRA, N.Y.) launched a new environmental section on its website to help customers reduce emissions and energy consumption, con-serve water and other natural resources, and promote sustain-ability.
Garlock Sealing Technologies also recently announced that it has received approval for the voluntary petition it i led on June 5 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of North Carolina in Charlotte to establish a trust to resolve all current and future asbestos claims against the com-pany under Section 524(g) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. h e i ling includes the Garrison Litigation Management Don Spencer
PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com AUGUST 2010 7 Group, Ltd., which manages Garlock’s asbestos claims and
rela-tionships with its insurers, and h e Anchor Packing Company, which ceased operations in the mid-1990s.
Garlock produces l uid sealing products. www.garlock.com
ABB (ZURICH, SWITZERLAND) announced that its orders declined 19 percent in the i rst quarter of 2010 as a result of lower large orders (above $15 million) compared to a record intake last year and overall weakness in the power infrastructure business. Revenues were 11 percent lower than the year-earlier period, mainly due to order declines in 2009 l owing through to sales in the i rst quarter.
ABB recently won a contract worth $155 million from the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) for a turnkey project to design and build a new crude-oil transit line and associated ancillary systems.
h e project includes the expansion of an existing manifold (a pipeline consolidation installation) and the installation of the new transit line. h e new installations are designed to transport up to 665 thousand barrels of oil per day. More than half the oil will come from the newly established Jurassic i eld in north-ern Kuwait. ABB will be responsible for the design, engineer-ing, procurement, construction supervision, commissioning
and start-up of the new system. h e project is scheduled for completion in spring 2012.
ABB also agreed to acquire Prairieville, La., company K-TEK, which will join the measurement products business unit within ABB’s Process Automation division. K-TEK of ers level detection instruments, as well as pressure and temperature switches.
ABB produces power and automation technologies. www.abb.com
WEG ELECTRIC CORP. (ATLANTA, GA.) held its open house and ribbon cutting celebration recently for its new U.S. headquarters in
Duluth, Ga. More than 400 guests— including city oi cials, customers and vendors— attended. WEG manufactures industrial electrical technologies. www.weg.net
UPCOMING EVENTS
BASIC VIBRATION ANALYSIS
August 31 – September 2
Marriott Pyramid North / Albuquerque, N.M. Presented by Machine Dynamics, Inc. 505-884-9005 / www.machinedyn.com
PUMPTEC
September 20 – 21
Holiday Inn Select / Norcross, GA Presented by Pumping Machinery, LLC 770-310-0866 /
www.pumpingmachinery.com
SPE ANNUAL TECH CONFERENCE
September 20 – 22
Fortezza da Basso / Florence, Italy
Presented by Society of Petroleum Engineers +39.055.33611 / www.spe.org/atce/2010
CADWORX UNIVERSITY
September 27 – 29
Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel / Houston, Texas Presented by COADE
www.cadworxuniversity.com
WEFTEC
October 2 – 6
Ernest N. Morial Convention Center / New Orleans, LA Presented by the Water Environment Federation 877-933-4734 / www.weftec.org
TURBOMACHINERY SYMPOSIUM
October 5 – 7
George R. Brown Convention Center / Houston, TX Presented by the Texas A&M Turbomachinery Lab 979-845-7417 / turbolab.tamu.edu
SMRP CONFERENCE
October 18 – 21
Midwest Airlines Center / Milwaukee, WI
Presented by the Society for Maintenance and Reliability Professionals
703-245-8011 / www.smrp.org
FSA FALL MEETING
October 19 – 21 Austin, TX
Presented by the Fluid Sealing Association 610-971-4850 / www.l uidsealing.com
PACK EXPO
October 31 – November 3 McCormick Place / Chicago, Ill.
Presented by the Packaging Manufacturers Machinery Institute 703-243-8555 / www.packexpo.com
INFRAMATION
November 8 – 12
Bally’s Hotel / Las Vegas, NV Presented by FLIR Systems, Inc. 866-872-4647 / www.inframation.org
To have an event considered for Upcoming Events, please send information to Lori Ditoro at Pumps & Systems, P.O. Box 530067, Birmingham, AL 35253, 205-314-8269, [email protected]. P&S
(l.-r.) Randy Connolly, vice president of sales; Celso Siebert, managing director; Harry Schmelzer, WEG Brazil president; David Pipes, WEG USA president; Jim Maran, Gwinnett Chamber of Commerce president & CEO; and Peter Barry, vice president of sales.
Pump Ed 101
AC Circuit Loads
L
ast month we discussed the relationship between volt-age and frequency and tried to make that somewhat complex three phase sine wave a bit more understandable. h is month we will quickly look at the load types that comprise a typical AC circuit.h ree basic loads occur in AC circuits—resistive, inductive and capacitive (and various combina-tions of the three). As it sounds, a resistive load consists purely of a resistance. Electrical resistance is simply a measurement of the opposition to the passage of
cur-rent (electrons). Resistance is directly proportional to the internal resistivity of the material and its length and is inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. Resistive circuit examples include water heaters, irons, electric ranges and even incandescent lighting—almost anything that is designed to generate heat.
Inductive loads, on the other hand, produce induced
cur-rents that oppose the l ow of primary current in the circuit. h is opposition to current change is dif erent than resistance and is called reactance. Inductive circuit examples include electric motors, generators, solenoids and transformers.
Capacitive loads act exactly opposite of inductive loads
and retard the l ow of voltage. Examples include true capaci-tors (condensers), piezoelectric devices and metal oxide semi-conductors. h ese three loads have a very dif erent ef ect upon the l ow of voltage and current in an AC circuit.
Resistive Circuits
In the case of a resistive load, AC loses much of its mystique and behaves much like DC. Although there is no such thing as a purely resistive AC circuit, many are close enough that they will follow Ohm’s law (I = E/R where I is current in amps, E is voltage and R is resistance in Ohms). Figure 1 shows a simple circuit with a 60 ohm resistance fed by 120 VAC.
Using Ohm’s law, we can calculate the current in the circuit to be 2 amps. h e power that the circuit dissipates (as heat) is simply the product of volts times amps, or 240 watts. If we did not know the voltage in the circuit, we could calculate it by measuring the current. If I is 2 amps, then E = IR or 120 V. h e reason that these calculations are so simple can be explained by the relationship of the voltage, current and power curves seen in Figure 2.
Figure 2 shows the l ow of voltage (blue), current (red) and power (green) in a simple resistive circuit such as the one shown in Figure 1. In a purely resistive circuit, voltage and current rise and fall together in a synchronous fashion. h e reason this occurs is that a resistance continuously opposes the l ow of current in a circuit regardless of whether the volt-age is DC or AC. Because of this continuous opposition, current l ows in phase with voltage. At every point above
Joe Evans, Ph.D.
AC Power (Part Three):
AC Circuit Loads
I = E / R
I = 120 / 60
I = 2 A
Current & Voltage In Sync
Voltage Current Power
Figure 1
Figure 2
PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com AUGUST 2010 9 the x axis, both voltage and current
are positive, and at every point below the x axis, both are negative. h e green curve represents the power (in watts) dissipated as heat in the circuit and is the product of the voltage and current at any point on the x axis.
Note that the power curve is always positive except at those points where voltage and current pass through zero. Even when both cur-rent and voltage are negative, power is still positive because the product of two negative quantities results in a positive quantity. h erefore, power is consumed at all points except those where the waves pass through zero. Even though the wave forms are still a bit complex, their synchronous tionships make a resistive circuit rela-tively understandable.
Inductive Circuits
Inductive loads could not be more dif erent. A new dimension, known as inductance, and a new quantity, known as reactance, cause this type of circuit to behave in a fashion dif erent from the simple resistive load. h is dif erent behavior is due to the positive and negative l uctuation of the AC sine wave.
Figure 3 is an example of a simple inductive circuit that consists of an AC source connected to an inductor. In this example, the inductor is a coil of wire consisting of several loops. When AC l ows through a coil, a magnetic i eld is cre-ated in and around the coil, and it increases and decreases in proportion to the primary current l owing through the circuit. h is changing magnetic i eld induces a secondary voltage in the coil, which gives rise to secondary current that opposes the primary current. h is process is known
as self induction or self inductance. In a DC circuit, this opposition arises only when the voltage is switched on or of . Once a DC inductive circuit is energized, current l ows steadily in a single direction and no secondary cur-rent is induced.
Figure 4 (from Collaboration for NDT Education) provides a clearer picture of how this occurs. In this example, primary current (red) is shown l owing clockwise through the loops in the coil. Its l ow gives rise to a magnetic i eld (blue) in the i rst loop. h e magnetic i eld induces a secondary current (green) in the second loop that
l ows counter clockwise. h e counter-clockwise l ow of the secondary cur-rent (often called back emf ) opposes the normal l ow of current and causes current to lag voltage in the circuit. h is opposition to a change in pri-mary current is known as reactance.
Figure 5 shows the l ow of volt-age (blue), current (red) and power (green) in a purely inductive circuit. h e opposite l ow of the induced secondary current impedes the l ow of primary current and causes it to lag voltage by 90 deg or one quar-ter cycle. h e power curve shows the overall ef ect of reactance. Note that it is positive during every other quarter cycle and negative during the quarter cycles in between. h e RMS values of the positive and negative portions of the curve are also equal.
During the positive quarter cycles, the circuit is storing power as the magnetic i eld and during the negative cycles the i eld dissipates and returns power to the source. h erefore, a purely inductive circuit con-sumes no energy. h e degree to which the secondary current or back emf impedes the l ow of primary current is called induc-tive reactance (XL) and, like resistance, it is measured in ohms. Shortly, we will show how inductive reactance can be used to help redei ne Ohm’s law for use in AC circuits.
Capacitive Circuits
We will end this part with a quick discussion of purely capaci-tive circuits. A capacitor is a device that can store an electric charge, and the energy stored is equal to the work done to charge it. It consists of two plates separated by an insulating sheet called a dielectric. When connected to a DC voltage, one
Current Lagging Voltage
Voltage Current Power Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5
plate acquires a negative charge while the other acquires a posi-tive charge, but no current l ows through it once the capacitor is fully charged. If that same capacitor is connected to an AC voltage, an alternating current will l ow continuously.
Figure 6 is a simple, purely capacitive AC circuit. A charge cannot l ow between the two plates since they are insulated from each other, so it seems a bit unusual that a continuing AC current exists in the circuit. h e reason current l ows in a capacitive circuit when AC is applied is because those charged plates change their polarity each time the AC sine wave reverses direction. h is causes the charge to l ow
to and from the two plates. h erefore, the two plates of the capacitor are con-tinuously charging and discharging and current l ows continuously.
Figure 7 shows the l ow of volt-age and current in a purely capacitive circuit. h e l ow relationship is exactly opposite that of the inductive circuit and current is seen leading voltage by 90 deg. Although power is not shown, it would look like the power curve in the inductive example, and the cir-cuit consumes no power. h e degree to which charging impedes voltage is called capacitive reactance (XC), and it is measured in ohms like resistance and inductive reactance.
RLC Circuits and Impedance
Although some circuits consist of a single load type, most are combinations and are referred to as RLC circuits. Because of the inl uence of the inductive and capacitive loads, Ohms law (E = IR) does not apply. Instead resistance (R) is replaced with impedance (Z), and impedance takes into account both induc-tive and capaciinduc-tive reactance. h e equation takes the form of E = IZ and Z is equal to √R2+(XL-XC)2 (where R is resistance, XL is inductive reactance and XC is capacitive reactance). h e square root sign encompasses the entire equation. As you can see, XC is subtracted from XL as its voltage lagging ef ect com-pensates for the current lagging ef ect of XL. If the two are equal, they cancel each other, and the circuit is purely resistive. In circuits where XC is greater than XL, the negative sum is squared and produces a positive number that is added to the square of R. h e square root of that sum gives us the circuit’s actual impedance.
Power factor describes how ef ectively the loads in a circuit
can use the power available and is directly related to inductive and capacitive reactance. We will not discuss power factor here because I have covered this important AC topic in the past. Please see my June and July 2007 P&S articles on power factor for a detailed discussion.
Next month we will explore mutual induction and the versatility of that mutual induction machine known as the transformer.
P&S
Joe Evans is responsible for customer and employee educa-tion at PumpTech, Inc., a pumps and packaged systems manufacturer and distributor with branches throughout the Pacii c Northwest. He can be reached via his website www. PumpEd101.com. If there are topics that you would like to see discussed in future columns, drop him an email.
Pump Ed 101
On pump-zone.com . . .
Read Parts One and Two of the “AC
Power” Series and the “Power Factor”
series in the Article Archives
Figure 6
Voltage Lagging Current
Voltage Current
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c ir c le 1 0 5 o n c a rd o r g o t o p s fr e e in fo .c o m
W
hen the motor amps are kicking a unit ol ine, the i rst question is whether the motor or the pump is the problem.Before any sophisticated troubleshooting methods are applied, most experienced mechanics simply feel the units to see if the motor (or pump) “feels hot,” “runs rough” or “does not feel right.” h ere is little science behind these phrases, but years of experience and intuition often get the job done well. In fact, relying on too much technology may play tricks on you, as I encountered recently.
A main inl uent wastewater system consisted of six pumps, with one or two typically operating on a normal (relatively dry) day (see Figure 1).
h e two-step starting sequence for these units involved getting the unit to 436 rpm, and then on to 511 rpm, after some stabilization delay time. At 4,160 volts, the motor trip was set at 89 amps. Normal, full-speed operation produced 54 mgd (million gallons per day) l ow, with 83 amps motor current. At these conditions, the pump developed 25 psi. Secondary motor windings were rated at 1,040 volts, 275 amps.
A “good” pump (#6) operated i ne at full speed, produc-ing rated l ow and pressure, with the amps at three phases showing good current balance of 83/83/83 amps. h e “bad” one could not get past the low speed region (436 rpm), showing 86/90/86 amps, which would delay the motor trip-ping. h e l ow was reading 31 mgd at 25 psi dif erential
pressure as maintained by the stronger #6 pump.
My i rst check was to see if the pump l ow and head corresponded to the lowered speed, as indeed is coni rmed in Figure 2. At 436 rpm, the pump intersected the 25 psi system curve at about 31 mgd, which is what the pump l owmeter was registering. In other words, the pump was hydraulically i ne.
My next investigation was how the pump and/or motor felt. By hand, the vibrations felt i ne, and the bearing hous-ings did not feel hot. To make sure, I did a quick, full spec-tral vibration measurement on both pumps’ housings (see Figure 3).
Expecting (hop-ing) to see signii cantly higher vibrations on pump #5, I was puz-zled to see the overall (RMS) level of vibra-tions at 0.075 in./sec for the (“good”) #6 pump, but only 0.047 in./sec for the (“bad”) #5 pump. h e “bad” pump had lower vibra-tions, yet it had higher amps tripping the motor.
As a side note, in practice, anything
Dr. Lev Nelik, P.E., APICS
Think Simple Before Rushing
to Fancy Analysis
Pumping Prescriptions
Figure 2. Pumps #5 and #6 performed hydraulically correct in accordance with the Affi nity Laws.
Figure 1. 600 hp (1.15 SF) motor is connected by a set of the segmental U-jointed shafting to the pump at the bottom of the dry well.
PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com AUGUST 2010 13 below 0.1 in./sec (RMS, overall) would
nor-mally not trigger a concern (the dif erence between 0.075 and 0.047 in./sec values is essentially academic), so both pumps, accord-ing to the overall vibration levels, would be considered non-problematic. Yet, #5 was trip-ping the motor.
My next observation was the unbalance of amps on unit #5 (86/90/86 amps), i.e., roughly 5 percent current unbalance. Although electri-cians did not feel the value of such unbalance was an issue, it was the only remaining issue I could see possibly causing the problem. My conclusion was to check the electric side i rst— motor, contactors, relays, etc.
Wrong! Electrical inspection showed no problems. h e pump rotor was i nally pulled. Surprise! h e nut holding the impeller was loose. h e impeller moved down and was rub-bing the wear rings of the casing by the impel-ler shroud. Furthermore, the shaft was slightly bent, as verii ed by the run-out inspection.
Conclusion
For medium- to high-energy pumps operating at low speed, vibration detection alone may not always reveal the root cause of the lem. Low speed may also not reveal the prob-lem via elevated temperature of the windings or bearing housings. Additional power (amps) could be coming from the grinding away of the contacting wear rings, despite the fact that all other parameters of both pump and motor may remain at the acceptable (low) level. h is would be similar to the low vibration of a ver-tical milling machine slowly milling away a metal plate—at low RPM and low feed rate— running smooth, yet grinding metal away.
In retrospect, after closer examination of the vibration signatures, some clues perhaps
could be seen in the discrete multiples of the harmonics (1X, 2X, 3X, 4X, etc.), which often suggest the presence of inter-nal component looseness. However, due to the overall values being so low and essentially within the noise level (noise is typically under ~0.02 in./sec), these peaks were disregarded as insignii cant.
P&S
Figure 3. Full vibration spectral analysis indicated low overall vibrations and spectral harmonics essentially within the “noise” level.
Dr. Nelik (aka “Dr. Pump”) is president of Pumping Machinery, LLC, an Atlanta-based i rm specializing in pump consulting, training, equipment troubleshooting and pump repairs. Dr. Nelik has 30 years experience in pumps and pumping equipment. He can be contacted at www. PumpingMachinery.com.
Choose a Skinner steam turbine to do your driving.
You can always count on it to get where you want to go
.
A “DESIGNATED DRIVER” FOR YOUR ROTATING EQUIPMENT
Skinner Power Systems, LLC 8214 Edinboro Road Erie, Pennsylvania 16509 U.S.A.
Skinner Single-Stage Steam Turbines are driving a wide
variety of rotating equipment for customers
worldwide--efficiently, economically, and reliably—often under
conditions that cause other drivers to drop out. Over
10,000 Skinner turbines have been built to drive
pumps, fans, generators, compressors,
sugar-mill shredders and cane cutters—to
name just a few applications. The Skinner
turbine’s simplicity and dependability make it
one of the most popular machines of its kind
in the world.
We offer a choice of models for your particular
applications up to 3000 HP with sleeve
bearings or ball bearings and models meeting
API 611 standards. And we stock 100%
genuine Skinner parts to keep your operation
running day and night at top efficiency.
For quick delivery at a low cost, call us
Toll Free at 877-868-8577 or visit our website
www.skinnerpowersystems.net
to learn more
about our capabilities to serve as your
“designated driver”.
g
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SANDPIPER®/Warren Rupp, Inc. . . . 65
SCHENCK Balancing & Dignostic Systems . . . 66
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Skinner Power Systems . . . 20-21 SPX Flow Technology . . . 38
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It’s All About Competitive Advantage
As rising energy and material costs intensify the pressure to remain competitive in a global marketplace, end users are seeking new sources of value that will help them maintain or regain their competitive advantage. h e suppliers proi led on the following advertorial pages of er diverse solutions for reducing the operat-ing costs of end users dealoperat-ing with changoperat-ing technol-ogy, lifecycle cost issues and the need for greater overall productivity.2010
PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com AUGUST 2010 15C
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ITT, the Engineered Blocks symbol and “Engineered for life” are registered trademarks of ITT Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. © 2010, ITT Corporation.
The best transporter
of water is nature itself.
But we come
a close second.
Think about ITT.
Whether it’s moving drinking water to the 50th floor of a skyscraper or drainage water up a 500 ft mineshaft, we can handle it. ITT products can be found around the world transporting liquids in hundreds of different operations. At work in more than 130 countries, ITT currently provides the people and products that help move and treat water at every stage of the water cycle.
To learn more about ITT’s products as well as our commitment to a more sustainable future, please visit
2010
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ORPORATEC
APABILITIESITT Fluid Technology
I
TT is a global leader in water and wastewater treatment solutions and a leading provider of pumps and related technologies for industrial, com-mercial and municipal customers.ITT Fluid Technology—
Fast Facts:
Headquartered in White Plains, N.Y., •
ITT Corporation generated 2009 sales of $10.9 billion. Its Fluid Technology businesses comprised about 31 per-cent of that total.
Major ITT Fluid Technology produc-•
tion and assembly facilities are located in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, England, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Sweden, Poland and the United States. Principal customers are in North •
America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Latin and South America, and the Asia/Pacii c region. Sales are made directly to customers or through independent distributors and representatives.
ITT Fluid Technology brings its product and services portfolio to market through four market-oriented business units:
Water and Wastewater
ITT’s Water & Wastewater business provides a complete of ering to munici-pal and industrial wastewater transport and treatment customers—including a full range of wastewater and dewatering pumps, secondary biologic treatment, i l-tration and disinfection products.
ITT is the originator and largest manufacturer of submersible pumps and mixers that form the heart of many of the world’s wastewater treatment facilities. As a leader in biological treatment systems for municipal and industrial wastewater, ITT’s of erings include aeration and dif user sys-tems, Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR) and
Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) systems. ITT also provides rapid gravity media i ltration, tertiary i ltration and de-nitrii cation systems for wastewater as well as ultraviolet (UV) and ozone oxidation systems for disinfection. For a wide range of municipal and industrial applications, ITT provides a variety of advanced RO, UF and MF membrane i ltration systems.
ITT’s brands serving the water and wastewater markets include Flygt, Sanitaire, Leopold and WEDECO.
Industrial Process
ITT’s Industrial Process business brings to market the most complete portfolio of pumps, valves and control systems for industrial markets—including chemi-cal, oil and gas, water and wastewater, pulp and paper, hydrocarbon process-ing, power generation, mining and niche industrial applications.
h e industrial pump range from ITT includes ANSI and ISO process, split-case, self-priming centrifugal, multistage, slurry and vertical turbines capable of handling a wide range of l uids—includ-ing high temperature, abrasive, corrosive and entrained solids. ITT’s portfolio of valves serve industrial markets with ball, plastic lined, safety shut-of , knife gate, slurry, slide gate, wedge gate, but-terl y, recycle/reject and actuated valves. For the demanding BioPharm markets, ITT of ers an array of hygienic valves and turnkey systems. ITT’s industrial pump products are paired with desalina-tion “watermakers” for of shore drilling and production as well as a range of heat exchangers for industrial applications.
ITT’s brands serving industrial mar-kets include Goulds Pumps, Fabri-Valve, Dia-Flo, Cam-Tite Cam-Line, C’treat, Standard and Pure-Flo.
Residential and Commercial Water
ITT’s Residential & Commercial Water business manufactures and markets pumps, systems and accessories for
residential, municipal and commer-cial applications including water, wells, HVAC systems, pressure boosters, boiler controls and i re protection.
For the residential well, el uent and sewage pumps markets, ITT prod-ucts are market leaders. For the build-ing trades market, ITT provides a broad variety of pressure boosting pumps, i re pump packages and products/systems for HVAC service, building service and util-ity applications, including liquid-based heating and air conditioning systems and products for boiler and steam systems. ITT membrane i ltration systems pro-vide clean water for municipalities and customers requiring pure and/or desali-nated water. For turf irrigation, munici-pal systems, golf courses and irrigation applications, ITT provides packaged pump systems.
ITT’s brands serving the Residential and Commercial Water markets include Goulds Pumps, Lowara, Bell & Gossett, McDonnell & Miller, Vogel, A-C Fire Pump and Flowtronex.
Analytics
ITT’s Analytics business is a leading manufacturer of premium quality labora-tory, i eld, portable and on-line analyti-cal instruments used in many industrial applications where precise measurement is required. With extensive knowledge in all aspects of analytical markets—including design, development, manufacturing and integration of laboratory products and services—our meters, sensors, analyzers and related consumables are used every day by thousands of end-users worldwide to analyze and control quality in many markets—including environmental, food and beverage, pharmaceutical and bio-technology, water and wastewater.
ITT’s Analytics products are sold under the globally recognized brands WTW, SI Analytics, Royce Technologies, Aanderaa Data Instruments, Global Water Instruments, ebro and Bellingham & Stanley.
PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com AUGUST 2010 19
2010
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APABILITIESImproving Plant
Profi tability and Reducing
Energy Consumption
Optimizing pump lifecycle performance provides a path to help reduce plant oper-ating cost and has the potential to achieve 30 to 70 percent improvements in energy and maintenance costs, while improv-ing both pump and process reliability. Leveraging 150+ years in process machin-ery design, manufacture and operation, ITT’s Monitoring and Control solu-tions have one goal—improving plant proi tability.ITT has products and services that target important issues of process uptime, maintenance and energy costs.
ITT’s ProSmart™ systems provide continuous, predictive monitoring for all rotating equipment at an exceptionally low price.
PumpSmart® pump control systems provide real-time control and protection for centrifugal pumps while also provid-ing valuable process insight.
ITT’s new generation of vertical tur-bine pumps for the residential and com-mercial water markets vividly illustrates that point. h e pump’s two percent boost in base ei ciency translates into a very signii cant 10 percent reduction in life-cycle costs for the customer.
h e N-pump, designed for wastewa-ter applications, rel ects similar synergies, using 20 to 30 percent less energy and lowering life-long maintenance costs.
ITT’s smart pumping systems, such as the Hydrovar™ frequency inverter trol system, provide microprocessor con-trol of any centrifugal pump, reducing energy exposure.
h e comprehensive lifecycle assess-ment associated with ITT’s focus on reducing pump energy exposure mini-mizes every aspect of its environmental impact, both internally and at the cus-tomer site.
Global Service and
Customer Care
Fluid Technology has a global network of service centers for aftermarket customer care. ITT’s PRO Service Centers provide an array of integrated service solutions for industry—including preventive monitor-ing, contract maintenance, emergency i eld service, engineered upgrades, inven-tory management, and overhauls for pumps and other rotating equipment.
Our expert technicians repair all brands of pumps and rotating equipment in our service centers or at customer loca-tions, 24/7/365—so there is no need to source dif erent product specialists depending on the equipment needing repair.
Committed to Wise and
Sustainable Development
ITT is committed to the wise and sus-tainable development and use of the world’s water resources. Our focus is on providing innovative equipment, sys-tems and applications knowledge to users of water throughout the cycle of water. We are also dedicated to preserving the environment and nurturing knowledge and awareness of the world’s water issues through our support of non-governmen-tal organizations.In pioneering new technologies and pushing the science of managing and controlling l uids, our objective remains the same: to of er the highest value and long-term economic solutions to custom-ers around the globe.
1133 Westchester Avenue White Plains, NY 10604 Phone: 914-641-2000 fax: 914-696-2950 www.itt.com
PUMPSMART CONTROL SYSTEM LOWERS LIFECYCLE COSTS ITT’s PumpSmart® pump control systems
provide real-time control and protection for centrifugal pumps while also providing valu-able process insight. By protecting against unplanned pump failure due to process upsets, PumpSmart can keep plant processes running longer and eliminate unplanned repair activities. By right-sizing pumps, PumpSmart can help reduce not only energy consumption but also wear and tear on a process system.
T
he origins of today’s Skinner Power Systems, LLC, date back to the years shortly after the U.S. Civil War. It was early in the era of steam power. Inventors and entrepreneurs of the time were tinkering with new ways to harness steam power to run machinery to mass produce goods and bring economic benei ts to a growing nation.Skinner Engine Company:
The Early Years
One of those enterprising individuals was inventor Le Grand Skinner who, in 1868, founded the Skinner Engine Company and began building steam engines in a plant at Herkimer, N.Y. In 1873 he opened a manufacturing plant in Erie, Pa., and moved the company’s headquarters there not long thereafter. From Erie, Skinner had ample access to railroads and waterways to ship products to an expanding customer base.
Skinner’s product, the steam engine, converted the energy in steam to mechanical power by injecting steam into a cylinder to drive a piston back and forth. h is mechanical power was then used to drive other machinery. Early on, the i rm’s engines of various sizes and coni gurations attracted a large clien-tele from a wide range of applications including manufacturers, food proces-sors, lumber mills and paper mills. Not
one to rest on his laurels, in 1910 Le Grand studied unal ow (also “unil ow”) engines in Germany and returned to Erie to develop his own version in 1911. Skinner’s unal ow engines were its most widely sold design, working well in land-based and marine applications. In fact, during World War II Skinner unal ow engines were installed on more than 120 U.S. navy ships.
Skinner set high standards for prod-uct quality and performance by establish-ing an unconditional guarantee for his i rm’s products. If a steam engine failed to generate the promised power output when installed, the customer got to keep it without cost. It is reported that he never had to honor a guarantee for failing to meet the guaranteed performance.
h e company expanded under Skinner’s leadership for 54 years until his death in 1922. h e traditions of qual-ity products, solid customer service and innovation that were established at the company’s outset remained throughout these years and continued as the man-agement of the company passed i rst to Skinner’s son Allen, a shrewd marketing innovator, and then in 1949 to Allen’s son J. Le Grand.
Skinner Engine Company:
The Later Years
In the 1950s, the company added indus-trial mixers to its product portfolio and was serving customers in Canada and South America in addition to the United States. But with the death of J. Le Grand Skinner in 1963, the Skinner Engine Company was sold to Patterson Industries, a Cleveland, Ohio, based company, which among other things manufactured a line of industrial pumps.
Around this time, Patterson also acquired the Dean Hill Pump Company, a manufacturer of steam turbines and industrial pumps, based in Indianapolis, Ind. Dean Hill had a long history and favorable reputation, having been formed after World War I when the Hill Turbine Company merged with Dean Brothers Pump Company to become the Dean Hill Pump Company. Over the next four decades Dean Hill manufactured nearly 20,000 turbines and pumps. By the early 1960s, Dean Hill expanded to overseas markets and established an international presence by granting a manufacturing license to Manubat, a company located in France.
In the mid-1960s, Patterson closed the Dean Hill plant in Indianapolis and transferred all pump and turbine manufacturing to the Skinner operation in Erie. Now Skinner had four product lines: steam engines, steam turbines, pumps and industrial mixers.
With the exception that both steam engines and steam turbines use steam to create mechanical power, the two prod-ucts are totally dif erent from each other. Developed at the turn of the twentieth century, a steam turbine has no cylinder or piston. It converts the energy in the steam to mechanical power by injecting the steam into a case containing a bladed wheel mounted on a shaft. Steam is chan-neled and directed against the blades on the wheel causing the wheel to turn.
Skinner Power Systems, LLC
Unfailing Products and Customer Support for More than a Century
Jeff Skonieczki, Skinner Power Systems, LLC
2010
C
ORPORATEC
APABILITIESSkinner single-stage turbine
The late LeGrand Skinner, founder of Skinner Engine Company
PUMPS & SYSTEMS www.pump-zone.com AUGUST 2010 21
2010
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ORPORATEC
APABILITIESh is rotary motion is used to drive other machinery.
In 1968, Banner Industries, another Ohio-based company, acquired Patterson Industries. In 1973 Banner reorganized its operations, moving all pump pro-duction from Skinner in Erie to a plant in Georgia. h is left Skinner with the steam engine, steam turbine and indus-trial mixer product lines. By the mid-1980s, Banner Industries was struggling. Although Skinner was proi table, Banner decided to sell the Skinner operations in Erie.
In 1986, Gerald A. (Tony) Ryan, an Erie entrepreneur, and several other inves-tors formed Ryco Holding, Inc., which acquired Skinner from Banner Industries. Ryan, the CEO and principal owner of Skinner Engine Company, guided Skinner into the global export business for turbines and turbine generator sets. Under Ryan’s leadership, Skinner’s total annual sales rose from about $10 million to $17 million by the late 1990s.
In 1998, Ryco Holding, Inc., sold Skinner Engine Company to American Commercial Holdings, Inc., a Lexington, Ky.-based company. Unfortunately, a couple of years later a worldwide reces-sion took its toll on Skinner’s sales, and in 2002 American Commercial Holdings decided to sell of the Skinner product lines.
Skinner Power Systems,
LLC: Today
In 2002, Klaus P. Fischer, a retired vice president of Elliott Company in Jeannette, Pa., was looking for a new business opportunity when he learned of Skinner Engine Company’s turbine capa-bilities and determined that there was a sales growth opportunity for Skinner turbines. With several associates, Fischer formed Skinner Power Systems, LLC. He wanted to continue the “Skinner” name because it represented a lengthy tradition of reliable products, innovation, fair price and support for customer operations.
h ese were the values that Fischer would incorporate into the new organization.
In November 2002, Skinner Power Systems, LLC, purchased the turbine product line from the old Skinner Engine Company. h e transaction included all of the Skinner and Dean Hill turboma-chinery technology and sales and service. h e new i rm set up its headquarters and manufacturing operations at its current Erie location in a modern 14,000 sq ft facility.
Today, the current Skinner steam turbine line includes models that range from 0.5 to 3,000 hp (0.3 to 2238 kW) and all pressures and temperatures to 900 psig and 900 deg F (63 kg/cm2g and 482 deg C) inlet and 175 psig (12 kg/cm2g) backpressure. Existing users of Skinner or Dean Hill equipment have a few unique options. Virtually any part for older Skinner or Dean Hill turbines, no matter where it was originally manufactured, can be sourced through the Skinner Power Systems facility in Erie, Pa. Equipment that may be half a century old can be replaced basically with the same type of turbine, with modern upgrades as a fac-tory standard. In many instances, the old Dean Hill turbines can be replaced with the Skinner SB series line, of ering the simplicity of ball bearing rotors, low ini-tial cost and exceptionally high reliability, with absolute minimum maintenance downtime.
Another major facet of its new equipment business today is packag-ing its turbines with other machinery, such as electric generators, pumps, fans and compressors. In particular, Skinner builds turbine generator packages up to 2 MW in size. Company specialists can recommend ideal system equipment con-i guratcon-ions and speccon-icon-i catcon-ions to satcon-isfy customer operating objectives.
Additional services available from Skinner include repairing and rebuild-ing older units. All internal components can be replaced with new parts built to original specii cations. Upon completion of the re-building, the units are tested with live steam, the same as for new tur-bine systems. Customers are supported by skilled technical support and service personnel that are dedicated to maintain-ing customer equipment reliability. Vital replacement parts can be supplied from its parts department on short notice.
h rough its years as a supplier of quality turbines, the i rm has supplied thousands of turbines to operate customer compressors, electric generators, pumps, mills, fans, blowers and other equipment. h e company’s customers include rei ner-ies, petrochemical plants, pulp and paper mills, food processing plants, steel mills, sugar mills, palm oil mills, and medical and educational facilities.
Time has not dimmed the commit-ment of today’s Skinner Power Systems to extend and further enhance those tradi-tions and values that were established by Le Grand Skinner more than a century ago.
Skinner Power Systems 8214 Edinboro Road Erie, PA 16509 Phone: 814-868-8500 Fax: 814-868-5299
www.skinnerpowersystems.net Three-cylinder Skinner “Universal Unafl ow”
2010
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ORPORATEC
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Our unrivaled application knowledge enables us to assist in the selection and design of the correct coupling solution, whether it’s a standard, modii ed or cus-tom-engineered coupling. In many cases, application and product engineers from multiple Altra coupling brands will col-laborate to share ideas, experiences and technologies while developing precise solutions to meet specii c customer chal-lenges. Altra Engineered Couplings is able to provide a superior level of responsive customer service through sales and tech-nical support teams strategically located around the world.Repair and Rebuild
Programs
Fast repair and rebuild services are available for most Altra coupling prod-ucts including Ameril ex®, Ameridisc®, Amerigear®, and Turbol ex® couplings plus gear spindles and universal joints to keep your operation up and run-ning. Special mill products rebuild programs can be customized to pro-vide “as new” warranties.
Our Website
h e Altra site, www.altraglobalcouplings. com, is a product-oriented, industry-specii c, on-line resource designed to help educate engineers on Altra coupling technologies. h e website contains prod-uct features, benei ts and capabilities, typical applications, and links to indi-vidual brand websites where engineers can access more detailed technical speci-i catspeci-ions and sspeci-izspeci-ing speci-informatspeci-ion as well as customer service information for techni-cal and application assistance.
About Altra Industrial
Motion
Altra Industrial Motion is a leading mul-tinational designer, producer and mar-keter of a wide range of electromechanical power transmission products. h e com-pany brings together 19 strong brands covering over 40 product lines with pro-duction facilities in nine countries.
Altra Industrial Motion, Inc. 300 Granite St., Ste. 201 Braintree, MA 02184 Phone: 781-917-0600
www.altraglobalcouplings.com
