Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 0-1 Contents
1 Introduction ... 1-1
1.1 Safety information ... 1-2 Batteries ... 1-3 Software ... 1-3 Defects/errors and exceptional stresses .... 1-3 1.2 Important information onultrasonic testing ... 1-4 Preconditions for testing with
ultrasonic test equipment ... 1-4 Operator training ... 1-4 Technical test requirements ... 1-5 Limits of testing ... 1-5 Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement ... 1-5 Effect of the test object’s material ... 1-6 Effect of temperature variations ... 1-6 Measurement of remaining wall thickness .. 1-6 Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws ... 1-7 Flaw boundary method ... 1-7 Echo display comparison method ... 1-7
1.3 The USM 25 family ... 1-9 The different instrument versions ... 1-9 Special features ... 1-10 1.4 How to use this manual ... 1-11
For a quick grasp of the
operating manual ... 1-11 1.5 Layout and presentation
in this manual ... 1-12 Attention and Note symbols ... 1-12 Listings ... 1-12 Operating steps ... 1-12
2 Standard package and
accessories ... 2-1
2.1 Standard package ... 2-3 2.2 Recommended accessories ... 2-5 Contents1 Introduction ... 1-1
1.1 Safety information ... 1-2 Batteries ... 1-3 Software ... 1-3 Defects/errors and exceptional stresses .... 1-3 1.2 Important information onultrasonic testing ... 1-4 Preconditions for testing with
ultrasonic test equipment ... 1-4 Operator training ... 1-4 Technical test requirements ... 1-5 Limits of testing ... 1-5 Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement ... 1-5 Effect of the test object’s material ... 1-6 Effect of temperature variations ... 1-6 Measurement of remaining wall thickness .. 1-6 Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws ... 1-7 Flaw boundary method ... 1-7 Echo display comparison method ... 1-7
1.3 The USM 25 family ... 1-9 The different instrument versions ... 1-9 Special features ... 1-10 1.4 How to use this manual ... 1-11
For a quick grasp of the
operating manual ... 1-11 1.5 Layout and presentation
in this manual ... 1-12 Attention and Note symbols ... 1-12 Listings ... 1-12 Operating steps ... 1-12
2 Standard package and
accessories ... 2-1
2.1 Standard package ... 2-3 2.2 Recommended accessories ... 2-5
0-2 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Contents
3 Initial start-up ... 3-1
3.1 Power supply ... 3-2 Operation using the power supply unit ... 3-2 Operation using batteries ... 3-3 3.2 Connecting a probe ... 3-5 3.3 Starting the USM 25 ... 3-6 Switching on/off ... 3-6 Reset ... 3-6 Information lines in the startup screen ... 3-6
4 Principles of operation ... 4-1
4.1 Operator’s controls ... 4-2 4.2 Screen display ... 4-3 Functions on the display ... 4-4 Other displays ... 4-5 4.3 Keys ... 4-6
4.4 Operational concept ... 4-7 Setting the functions ... 4-7 4.5 Important basic settings ... 4-9 Selecting the language ... 4-9 Selecting units ... 4-9 Setting the backlight ... 4-10
5 Operation ... 5-1
5.1 Overview of the functions ... 5-2 Function groups first operating level ... 5-3 Function groups second operating level ... 5-3 Function groups third operating level ... 5-4 5.2 Setting the gain ... 5-5
V – Defining the dB incrementation
for gain ... 5-5 5.3 Adjusting the display range
(function group BASE) ... 5-6 RANGE (Display range) ... 5-7 MTLVEL (Material velocity) ... 5-8
Contents
3 Initial start-up ... 3-1
3.1 Power supply ... 3-2 Operation using the power supply unit ... 3-2 Operation using batteries ... 3-3 3.2 Connecting a probe ... 3-5 3.3 Starting the USM 25 ... 3-6 Switching on/off ... 3-6 Reset ... 3-6 Information lines in the startup screen ... 3-6
4 Principles of operation ... 4-1
4.1 Operator’s controls ... 4-2 4.2 Screen display ... 4-3 Functions on the display ... 4-4 Other displays ... 4-5 4.3 Keys ... 4-6
4.4 Operational concept ... 4-7 Setting the functions ... 4-7 4.5 Important basic settings ... 4-9 Selecting the language ... 4-9 Selecting units ... 4-9 Setting the backlight ... 4-10
5 Operation ... 5-1
5.1 Overview of the functions ... 5-2 Function groups first operating level ... 5-3 Function groups second operating level ... 5-3 Function groups third operating level ... 5-4 5.2 Setting the gain ... 5-5
V – Defining the dB incrementation
for gain ... 5-5 5.3 Adjusting the display range
(function group BASE) ... 5-6 RANGE (Display range) ... 5-7 MTLVEL (Material velocity) ... 5-8
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 0-3
Contents
D-DELAY (Display starting point) ... 5-9 P-DELAY (Probe delay) ... 5-10 5.4 Adjusting the pulser
(function group PULS) ... 5-10 DAMPING (Probe matching) ... 5-11 POWER (Intensity) ... 5-11 DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation) ... 5-12 PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) ... 5-12 5.5 Adjusting the receiver
(function group RECV) ... 5-13 FINE G (fine adjustment of gain) ... 5-13 dBSTEP ... 5-14 REJECT ... 5-14 FREQU (Frequency range) ... 5-15 RECTIFY (rectification) ... 5-15 5.6 Setting the gates
(function groups aGAT and bGAT) ... 5-16 Tasks of the gates ... 5-16 aLOGIC / bLOGIC
(Evaluation logic of the gates) ... 5-17
aSTART / bSTART
(Starting points of the gates) ... 5-18 aWIDTH / bWIDTH
(Width of the gates) ... 5-18 aTHRSH / bTHRSH
(Response and measurement
threshold of the gates) ... 5-18 5.7 Calibrating the USM 25 ... 5-19 Calibrating the display range ... 5-19 Choosing the measuring point ... 5-19 Calibration with straight- and
angle-beam probes ... 5-20 Calibration with dual-element
(TR) probes ... 5-23 5.8 Measuring ... 5-26 General notes ... 5-26 5.9 Measurement of dB difference
(function group REF) ... 5-27
Contents
D-DELAY (Display starting point) ... 5-9 P-DELAY (Probe delay) ... 5-10 5.4 Adjusting the pulser
(function group PULS) ... 5-10 DAMPING (Probe matching) ... 5-11 POWER (Intensity) ... 5-11 DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation) ... 5-12 PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) ... 5-12 5.5 Adjusting the receiver
(function group RECV) ... 5-13 FINE G (fine adjustment of gain) ... 5-13 dBSTEP ... 5-14 REJECT ... 5-14 FREQU (Frequency range) ... 5-15 RECTIFY (rectification) ... 5-15 5.6 Setting the gates
(function groups aGAT and bGAT) ... 5-16 Tasks of the gates ... 5-16 aLOGIC / bLOGIC
(Evaluation logic of the gates) ... 5-17
aSTART / bSTART
(Starting points of the gates) ... 5-18 aWIDTH / bWIDTH
(Width of the gates) ... 5-18 aTHRSH / bTHRSH
(Response and measurement
threshold of the gates) ... 5-18 5.7 Calibrating the USM 25 ... 5-19 Calibrating the display range ... 5-19 Choosing the measuring point ... 5-19 Calibration with straight- and
angle-beam probes ... 5-20 Calibration with dual-element
(TR) probes ... 5-23 5.8 Measuring ... 5-26 General notes ... 5-26 5.9 Measurement of dB difference
0-4 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Contents
5.10 Calculation of flaw position
(function group TRIG) ... 5-30 ANGLE (angle of incidence) ... 5-31 X-VALUE (X-value of the probe) ... 5-31 THICKNE (material thickness) ... 5-32 DIAMET
(outside diameter of the test object) ... 5-32 5.11 Data saving
(function group MEM) ... 5-33 Storing a data set ...5-34 Deleting a data set ... 5-34 Recalling a stored data set ... 5-35 5.12 Dataset management
(function group DATA) ... 5-36 TESTINF (storing additional information) ... 5-37 Editing additional information ... 5-38 Storing additional information ... 5-39 PREVIEW (dataset preview) ... 5-39 DIR (dataset directory) ... 5-40 SETTING (function list) ... 5-40
5.13 Configuring the USM 25 for a test
application ... 5-41 TOF (selecting the measuring point) ... 5-42 S-DISP (zoomed display of reading) ... 5-42 MAGNIFY (gate spreading) ... 5-44 A-Scan (setting the A-scan) ... 5-44 Configuring the measurement line ... 5-45 Setting the display ... 5-46 FILLED (Echo display mode) ... 5-47 LIGHT (LCD backlight) ... 5-47 CONTR (LCD contrast) ... 5-48 SCALE
(configuring the measurement line) ... 5-48 5.14 General configuration ... 5-49 UNIT (Selecting units of measurement) .... 5-49 DIALOG (Selecting the language) ... 5-50 PRINTER (Printer for test report) ... 5-51 COPYMOD (assignment of the Y key) .... 5-51 TIME / DATE
(setting the time and date) ... 5-52
Contents
5.10 Calculation of flaw position
(function group TRIG) ... 5-30 ANGLE (angle of incidence) ... 5-31 X-VALUE (X-value of the probe) ... 5-31 THICKNE (material thickness) ... 5-32 DIAMET
(outside diameter of the test object) ... 5-32 5.11 Data saving
(function group MEM) ... 5-33 Storing a data set ...5-34 Deleting a data set ... 5-34 Recalling a stored data set ... 5-35 5.12 Dataset management
(function group DATA) ... 5-36 TESTINF (storing additional information) ... 5-37 Editing additional information ... 5-38 Storing additional information ... 5-39 PREVIEW (dataset preview) ... 5-39 DIR (dataset directory) ... 5-40 SETTING (function list) ... 5-40
5.13 Configuring the USM 25 for a test
application ... 5-41 TOF (selecting the measuring point) ... 5-42 S-DISP (zoomed display of reading) ... 5-42 MAGNIFY (gate spreading) ... 5-44 A-Scan (setting the A-scan) ... 5-44 Configuring the measurement line ... 5-45 Setting the display ... 5-46 FILLED (Echo display mode) ... 5-47 LIGHT (LCD backlight) ... 5-47 CONTR (LCD contrast) ... 5-48 SCALE
(configuring the measurement line) ... 5-48 5.14 General configuration ... 5-49 UNIT (Selecting units of measurement) .... 5-49 DIALOG (Selecting the language) ... 5-50 PRINTER (Printer for test report) ... 5-51 COPYMOD (assignment of the Y key) .... 5-51 TIME / DATE
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 0-5
Contents
HORN ... 5-53 ANAMOD ... 5-53 EVAMOD (echo evaluation) ... 5-54 5.15 Other functions with
special keys ... 5-55 W Freeze ... 5-55 X Enlarged echo display ... 5-55 5.16 Status symbols and LEDs ... 5-56 Status symbols ... 5-56 LED ... 5-56 5.17 Distance-amplitude curve
(only USM 25 DAC and USM 25S) ... 5-58 DACMOD (activating DAC/TCG) ... 5-59 DACECHO (recording reference curve) ... 5-60 T-CORR (sensitivity correction) ... 5-61 OFFSET (distance of multiple DAC) ... 5-62 Echo evaluation with DAC ... 5-62
5.18 Evaluation according to the
DGS method (only USM 25S) ... 5-63 Measuring with DGS ... 5-63 Selecting the DGS mode ... 5-64 Default settings for the
DGS measurement ... 5-65 Recording the reference echo
and displaying the DGS curve ... 5-67 Evaluation of reflectors ... 5-68 Transfer correction ... 5-69 Sound attenuation ... 5-70 Locks, error messages ... 5-73 Validity of the DGS method ... 5-73
6 Documentation ... 6-1
6.1 Printing data ... 6-2 Preparing the printer ... 6-2 Preparing the USM 25 ... 6-2 Printing ... 6-3 6.2 Documentation with UltraDOC ... 6-4
Contents
HORN ... 5-53 ANAMOD ... 5-53 EVAMOD (echo evaluation) ... 5-54 5.15 Other functions with
special keys ... 5-55 W Freeze ... 5-55 X Enlarged echo display ... 5-55 5.16 Status symbols and LEDs ... 5-56 Status symbols ... 5-56 LED ... 5-56 5.17 Distance-amplitude curve
(only USM 25 DAC and USM 25S) ... 5-58 DACMOD (activating DAC/TCG) ... 5-59 DACECHO (recording reference curve) ... 5-60 T-CORR (sensitivity correction) ... 5-61 OFFSET (distance of multiple DAC) ... 5-62 Echo evaluation with DAC ... 5-62
5.18 Evaluation according to the
DGS method (only USM 25S) ... 5-63 Measuring with DGS ... 5-63 Selecting the DGS mode ... 5-64 Default settings for the
DGS measurement ... 5-65 Recording the reference echo
and displaying the DGS curve ... 5-67 Evaluation of reflectors ... 5-68 Transfer correction ... 5-69 Sound attenuation ... 5-70 Locks, error messages ... 5-73 Validity of the DGS method ... 5-73
6 Documentation ... 6-1
6.1 Printing data ... 6-2 Preparing the printer ... 6-2 Preparing the USM 25 ... 6-2 Printing ... 6-3 6.2 Documentation with UltraDOC ... 6-4
0-6 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Contents
7 Maintenance and care ... 7-1
7.1 Care ... 7-2 Care of the instrument ... 7-2 Care of NiCd batteries ... 7-2 Charging the NiCd batteries ... 7-2 7.2 Maintenance ... 7-4
8 Interface and peripherals ... 8-1
8.1 I/O interface ... 8-2 Contact assignment of the
LEMO-1B socket ... 8-2 8.2 RS232 interface ... 8-3 Contact assignment of the Sub-D socket ... 8-3 8.3 Data exchange ... 8-4 Connecting a printer or a PC ... 8-4 Printing data ... 8-4 8.4 Remote control ... 8-5 Functions and remote control codes ... 8-6
Other remote control codes ... 8-13 Control codes for the function keys ... 8-14
9 Appendix ... 9-1
9.1 Function directory ... 9-2 9.2 EC declaration of conformity ... 9-6 9.3 Manufacturer/Service addresses ... 9-710 Changes ... 10-1
11 Index ... 11-1
Option Data Logger ... O-1
Technical Specifications according
to EN 12668-1
Assembly Instructions,
Spare Parts List
Contents
7 Maintenance and care ... 7-1
7.1 Care ... 7-2 Care of the instrument ... 7-2 Care of NiCd batteries ... 7-2 Charging the NiCd batteries ... 7-2 7.2 Maintenance ... 7-4
8 Interface and peripherals ... 8-1
8.1 I/O interface ... 8-2 Contact assignment of the
LEMO-1B socket ... 8-2 8.2 RS232 interface ... 8-3 Contact assignment of the Sub-D socket ... 8-3 8.3 Data exchange ... 8-4 Connecting a printer or a PC ... 8-4 Printing data ... 8-4 8.4 Remote control ... 8-5
Other remote control codes ... 8-13 Control codes for the function keys ... 8-14
9 Appendix ... 9-1
9.1 Function directory ... 9-2 9.2 EC declaration of conformity ... 9-6 9.3 Manufacturer/Service addresses ... 9-710 Changes ... 10-1
11 Index ... 11-1
Option Data Logger ... O-1
Technical Specifications according
to EN 12668-1
Assembly Instructions,
Spare Parts List
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 1-1
Introduction
1
1-2 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction Safety information
1.1
Safety information
The USM 25 has been designed and tested according to DIN EN 61 010 Part 1, March 1994, Safety require-ments for electrical measuring, control and lab equip-ment, and was technically in perfectly safe and fault-less condition when leaving the manufacturing works. In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safe operation, you should urgently read the following safety information before putting the instrument into operation.
A
Attention:The USM 25 is an instrument for materials testing. Any use for medical applications or other purposes is not allowed!
The USM 25 may only be used in industrial environ-ments!
The USM 25 can be operated with batteries or a power supply unit.
The power supply unit has the electrical safety class II.
Introduction Safety information
1.1
Safety information
The USM 25 has been designed and tested according to DIN EN 61 010 Part 1, March 1994, Safety require-ments for electrical measuring, control and lab equip-ment, and was technically in perfectly safe and fault-less condition when leaving the manufacturing works. In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safe operation, you should urgently read the following safety information before putting the instrument into operation.
A
Attention:The USM 25 is an instrument for materials testing. Any use for medical applications or other purposes is not allowed!
The USM 25 may only be used in industrial environ-ments!
The USM 25 can be operated with batteries or a power supply unit.
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 1-3
Introduction
Safety information
Batteries
The USM 25 can be operated with NiCd, AlMn or NiMH batteries or a power supply unit. Please only use the products recommended by us for the battery operation. If you want to use NiCd or NiMH batteries, you have to charge them in an external battery charger. As soon as you connect the power supply unit to the USM 25, the power supply to the batteries is interrupted. For informa-tion on how to handle the batteries, please refer to chapter 7 Maintenance and care.
Software
According to the current state of the art, software is never completely free from errors.
Before using any software-controlled test equipment, please make sure that the required functions operate perfectly in the intended combination.
If you have any questions about the use of your Krautkramer test equipment, please contact your nearest representative of Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems.
Defects/errors and exceptional stresses
If you have reason to believe that a safe operation of your USM 25 is no longer possible, you have to discon-nect the instrument and secure it against unintentional reconnection. Remove the batteries if necessary. A safe operation is e.g. no longer possible • if the instrument shows visible damages, • if the instrument no longer operates perfectly, • after prolonged storage under adverse conditions(e.g. exceptional temperatures and/or especially high air humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions), • after being subjected to heavy stresses during
transportation.
Introduction
Safety information
Batteries
The USM 25 can be operated with NiCd, AlMn or NiMH batteries or a power supply unit. Please only use the products recommended by us for the battery operation. If you want to use NiCd or NiMH batteries, you have to charge them in an external battery charger. As soon as you connect the power supply unit to the USM 25, the power supply to the batteries is interrupted. For informa-tion on how to handle the batteries, please refer to chapter 7 Maintenance and care.
Software
According to the current state of the art, software is never completely free from errors.
Before using any software-controlled test equipment, please make sure that the required functions operate perfectly in the intended combination.
If you have any questions about the use of your Krautkramer test equipment, please contact your nearest representative of Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems.
Defects/errors and exceptional stresses
If you have reason to believe that a safe operation of your USM 25 is no longer possible, you have to discon-nect the instrument and secure it against unintentional reconnection. Remove the batteries if necessary. A safe operation is e.g. no longer possible • if the instrument shows visible damages, • if the instrument no longer operates perfectly, • after prolonged storage under adverse conditions(e.g. exceptional temperatures and/or especially high air humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions), • after being subjected to heavy stresses during
1-4 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing
1.2
Important information on
ultrasonic testing
Please read the following information before using your USM 25. It is important that you understand and observe this information to avoid any operator errors that might lead to false test results. This could result in personal injuries or damages to property.
Preconditions for testing with ultrasonic
test equipment
This operating manual contains essential information on how to operate your test equipment. In addition, there are a number of factors which affect the test results. A description of these factors would go beyond the scope of an operating manual. The following list therefore only mentions the three most important conditions for a safe and reliable ultrasonic inspection:
• the operator training
• the knowledge of special technical test requirements and limits
• the choice of appropriate test equipment.
Operator training
The operation of an ultrasonic test device requires a proper training in ultrasonic test methods.
A proper training comprises for example adequate knowledge of:
• the theory of sound propagation
• the effects of sound velocity in the test material • the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces
be-tween different materials
• the propagation of the sound beam
• the influence of sound attenuation in the test object and the influence of surface quality of the test object.
Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test results with unforeseeable consequences. You can contact for example NDT societies or organizations in your country (DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or also
Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems, for information concerning existing possibilities for the training of ultrasonic inspectors as well as on the qualifications and certificates that can finally be obtained.
Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing
1.2
Important information on
ultrasonic testing
Please read the following information before using your USM 25. It is important that you understand and observe this information to avoid any operator errors that might lead to false test results. This could result in personal injuries or damages to property.
Preconditions for testing with ultrasonic
test equipment
This operating manual contains essential information on how to operate your test equipment. In addition, there are a number of factors which affect the test results. A description of these factors would go beyond the scope of an operating manual. The following list therefore only mentions the three most important conditions for a safe and reliable ultrasonic inspection:
• the operator training
• the knowledge of special technical test requirements and limits
Operator training
The operation of an ultrasonic test device requires a proper training in ultrasonic test methods.
A proper training comprises for example adequate knowledge of:
• the theory of sound propagation
• the effects of sound velocity in the test material • the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces
be-tween different materials
• the propagation of the sound beam
• the influence of sound attenuation in the test object and the influence of surface quality of the test object.
Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test results with unforeseeable consequences. You can contact for example NDT societies or organizations in your country (DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or also
Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems, for information concerning existing possibilities for the training of ultrasonic inspectors as well as on the qualifications
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 1-5
Introduction
Important information on ultrasonic testing
Technical test requirements
Every ultrasonic test is subject to specific technical test requirements. The most important ones are: • the definition of the scope of inspection • the choice of the appropriate test method • the consideration of material properties
• the determination of limits for recording and evalua-tion.
It is the task of those with overall responsibility for testing to ensure that the inspector is fully informed about these requirements. The best basis for such information is experience with identical test objects. It is also essential that the relevant test specifications be clearly and completely understood by the inspector. Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems regularly holds specialized training courses in the field of ultrasonic testing.
The scheduled dates for these courses will be given to you on request.
Limits of testing
The information obtained from ultrasonic tests only refers to those parts of the test object which are covered by the sound beam of the probe used.
Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied to the untested parts of the test object should be made with extreme caution.
Such conclusions are generally only possible in cases where extensive experience and proven methods of statistical data acquisition are available.
The sound beam can be completely reflected from boundary surfaces within the test object so that flaws and reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. It is therefore important to make sure that all areas to be tested in the test object are covered by the sound beam.
Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement
All ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are based on a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measure-ment results require a constant sound velocity in theIntroduction
Important information on ultrasonic testing
Technical test requirements
Every ultrasonic test is subject to specific technical test requirements. The most important ones are: • the definition of the scope of inspection • the choice of the appropriate test method • the consideration of material properties
• the determination of limits for recording and evalua-tion.
It is the task of those with overall responsibility for testing to ensure that the inspector is fully informed about these requirements. The best basis for such information is experience with identical test objects. It is also essential that the relevant test specifications be clearly and completely understood by the inspector. Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems regularly holds specialized training courses in the field of ultrasonic testing.
The scheduled dates for these courses will be given to you on request.
Limits of testing
The information obtained from ultrasonic tests only refers to those parts of the test object which are covered by the sound beam of the probe used.
Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied to the untested parts of the test object should be made with extreme caution.
Such conclusions are generally only possible in cases where extensive experience and proven methods of statistical data acquisition are available.
The sound beam can be completely reflected from boundary surfaces within the test object so that flaws and reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. It is therefore important to make sure that all areas to be tested in the test object are covered by the sound beam.
Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement
All ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are based on a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measure-ment results require a constant sound velocity in the1-6 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing
test object. In test objects made of steel, even with varying alloying constituents, this condition is mostly fulfilled. The variation in sound velocity is so slight that it is only of importance for high-precision measure-ments. In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals or plastics, the sound velocity variations may be even larger and thus affect the measuring accuracy.
Effect of the test object’s material
If the test object’s material is not homogeneous, the sound may propagate at different sound velocities in different parts of the test objects. An average sound velocity should then be taken into account for the range calibration. This is achieved by means of a reference block whose sound velocity corresponds to the average sound velocity of the test object.
If substantial sound velocity variations are to be expected, then the instrument calibration should be readjusted to the actual sound velocity values at shorter time intervals. Failure to do so may lead to false thickness readings.
Effect of temperature variations
The sound velocity within the test object also varies as a function of the material’s temperature. This can cause appreciable errors in measurements if the instrument has been calibrated on a cold reference block and is then used on a warm or hot test object. Such measure-ment errors can be avoided either by warming the reference block to the same temperature before cali-brating, or by using a correction factor obtained from tables.
Measurement of remaining wall thickness
The measurement of the remaining wall thickness on plant components, e.g. pipes, tanks and reaction vessels of all types which are corroded or eroded from the inside, requires a perfectly suitable gauge and special care in handling the probe.The inspectors should always be informed about the corresponding nominal wall thicknesses and the likely amount of wall thickness losses.
Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing
test object. In test objects made of steel, even with varying alloying constituents, this condition is mostly fulfilled. The variation in sound velocity is so slight that it is only of importance for high-precision measure-ments. In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals or plastics, the sound velocity variations may be even larger and thus affect the measuring accuracy.
Effect of the test object’s material
If the test object’s material is not homogeneous, the sound may propagate at different sound velocities in different parts of the test objects. An average sound velocity should then be taken into account for the range calibration. This is achieved by means of a reference block whose sound velocity corresponds to the average sound velocity of the test object.
If substantial sound velocity variations are to be expected, then the instrument calibration should be readjusted to the actual sound velocity values at shorter time intervals. Failure to do so may lead to false thickness readings.
Effect of temperature variations
The sound velocity within the test object also varies as a function of the material’s temperature. This can cause appreciable errors in measurements if the instrument has been calibrated on a cold reference block and is then used on a warm or hot test object. Such measure-ment errors can be avoided either by warming the reference block to the same temperature before cali-brating, or by using a correction factor obtained from tables.
Measurement of remaining wall thickness
The measurement of the remaining wall thickness on plant components, e.g. pipes, tanks and reaction vessels of all types which are corroded or eroded from the inside, requires a perfectly suitable gauge and special care in handling the probe.The inspectors should always be informed about the corresponding nominal wall thicknesses and the likely amount of wall thickness losses.
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 1-7
Introduction
Important information on ultrasonic testing
Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws
In present-day test practice, there are basically two different methods of flaw evaluation:
If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the extent of the flaw, then the beam can be used to explore the boundaries of the flaw and thus determine its area.
If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is larger than the size of the flaw, the maximum echo response from the flaw must be compared with the maximum echo response from an artificial flaw provided for comparison purposes.
Flaw boundary method
The smaller the diameter of the probe’s sound beam, the more accurately the boundaries (and therefore the flaw area) can be determined by the flaw boundary method. If, however, the sound beam is relatively broad, the flaw area determined can substantially differ from the actual flaw area. Care should therefore be taken to select a probe which will give a sufficiently narrow beam at the position of the flaw.
Echo display comparison method
The echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smaller than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g. circular disc flaw of the same size. This is due, for instance, to the roughness of the surface of a natural flaw, or to the fact that the beam does not impinge on it at right angles.
If this fact is not taken into account when evaluating natural flaws, there is a danger of underestimating their magnitude.
In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrink holes in castings, it may be that the sound scattering occurring at the boundary surface of the flaw is so strong that no echo at all is produced. In such cases, a different evaluation method should be chosen, e.g. use of the backwall echo attenuation in the evaluation. The distance sensitivity of the flaw echo plays an important part when testing large components. Atten-tion should be paid here to choosing artificial compari-son flaws which are as far as possible governed by the same ”distance laws” as the natural flaws to be evalu-ated.
Introduction
Important information on ultrasonic testing
Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws
In present-day test practice, there are basically two different methods of flaw evaluation:
If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the extent of the flaw, then the beam can be used to explore the boundaries of the flaw and thus determine its area.
If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is larger than the size of the flaw, the maximum echo response from the flaw must be compared with the maximum echo response from an artificial flaw provided for comparison purposes.
Flaw boundary method
The smaller the diameter of the probe’s sound beam, the more accurately the boundaries (and therefore the flaw area) can be determined by the flaw boundary method. If, however, the sound beam is relatively broad, the flaw area determined can substantially differ from the actual flaw area. Care should therefore be taken to select a probe which will give a sufficiently narrow beam at the position of the flaw.
Echo display comparison method
The echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smaller than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g. circular disc flaw of the same size. This is due, for instance, to the roughness of the surface of a natural flaw, or to the fact that the beam does not impinge on it at right angles.
If this fact is not taken into account when evaluating natural flaws, there is a danger of underestimating their magnitude.
In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrink holes in castings, it may be that the sound scattering occurring at the boundary surface of the flaw is so strong that no echo at all is produced. In such cases, a different evaluation method should be chosen, e.g. use of the backwall echo attenuation in the evaluation. The distance sensitivity of the flaw echo plays an important part when testing large components. Atten-tion should be paid here to choosing artificial compari-son flaws which are as far as possible governed by the same ”distance laws” as the natural flaws to be evalu-ated.
1-8 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing
The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. This sound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made of fine-grained steel, likewise in many small parts made of other materials. However, if the sound wave travels larger distances through the material, a high cumulative sound attenuation can result even with small attenua-tion coefficients. There is then a danger that echoes from natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, an estimate must always be made of the effects of attenu-ation on the evaluattenu-ation result and taken into account if applicable.
If the test object has a rough surface, part of the incident sound energy will be scattered at its surface and is not available for the test. The larger this initial scattering, the smaller the flaw echoes appear, and the more errors occur in the evaluation result.
It is therefore important to take the effect of the test object’s surfaces on the height of the echo into account (transfer correction).
Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing
The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. This sound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made of fine-grained steel, likewise in many small parts made of other materials. However, if the sound wave travels larger distances through the material, a high cumulative sound attenuation can result even with small attenua-tion coefficients. There is then a danger that echoes from natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, an estimate must always be made of the effects of attenu-ation on the evaluattenu-ation result and taken into account if applicable.
If the test object has a rough surface, part of the incident sound energy will be scattered at its surface and is not available for the test. The larger this initial scattering, the smaller the flaw echoes appear, and the more errors occur in the evaluation result.
It is therefore important to take the effect of the test object’s surfaces on the height of the echo into account (transfer correction).
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 1-9
Introduction
The USM 25 family
1.3
The USM 25 family
The USM 25 is a lightweight and compact ultrasonic flaw detector especially suitable for
• locating and evaluating material defects • measuring wall thicknesses
• saving and documenting test results.
With its frequency range from 0.5 to 20 MHz and a maximum calibration range of 10 m (steel), the USM 25 is designed for use on large workpieces and in high-resolution measurements.
The different instrument versions
The USM 25 is available in several versions which are desgined for different applications:
• USM 25
Standard version for universal ultrasonic test applications.
• USM 25 DAC
The multiple DAC curves enable a field-oriented display evaluation according to international test specifications.
• USM 25S
Either DAC/TCG or DGS evaluation mode. DGS curves are stored for all narrow-band single-element probes; amplitude evaluation is carried out either in dB above DAC curve or equivalent reflector size (ERS).
• Data Logger option
This option is available for all USM 25 versions and is used for the recording and documentation of thickness readings.
Introduction
The USM 25 family
1.3
The USM 25 family
The USM 25 is a lightweight and compact ultrasonic flaw detector especially suitable for
• locating and evaluating material defects • measuring wall thicknesses
• saving and documenting test results.
With its frequency range from 0.5 to 20 MHz and a maximum calibration range of 10 m (steel), the USM 25 is designed for use on large workpieces and in high-resolution measurements.
The different instrument versions
The USM 25 is available in several versions which are desgined for different applications:
• USM 25
Standard version for universal ultrasonic test applications.
• USM 25 DAC
The multiple DAC curves enable a field-oriented display evaluation according to international test specifications.
• USM 25S
Either DAC/TCG or DGS evaluation mode. DGS curves are stored for all narrow-band single-element probes; amplitude evaluation is carried out either in dB above DAC curve or equivalent reflector size (ERS).
• Data Logger option
This option is available for all USM 25 versions and is used for the recording and documentation of thickness readings.
1-10 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction Special features
Special features
• low weight (1.6 kg including batteries) and compact size
• handy – equipped with a non-slip, ratcheting prop-up stand, also used as handle
• rotary knobs for direct adjustment of gain as well as for changing the currently selected function
• two independant gates for accurate wall thickness measurements from the workpiece surface up to the first echo, or between two backwall echoes, including measurement on coated workpieces with a resolution of 0.01 mm (up to 100 mm), referred to steel
• Magnify gate: spreading of the gate range over the entire screen width
• fast, high-contrast LCD to display the digitized echo signals (320 × 240 pixels, 96 × 72 mm)
• data memory: 200 data sets, including alphanumeric description, documentation possibility via a printer • increased calibration range: up to 9999 mm (steel),
depending on the frequency range • semiautomatic two point calibration
• pulse repetition frequency variable in ten steps to avoid phantom echoes when testing large workpieces
• choice of frequency range for the connected probe. • signal display mode: full-wave rectification, positive half-wave or negative halv-wave and radio frequency • display of 4 readings plus 1 reading zoomed in the
A-scan, user-configurable
Introduction Special features
Special features
• low weight (1.6 kg including batteries) and compact size
• handy – equipped with a non-slip, ratcheting prop-up stand, also used as handle
• rotary knobs for direct adjustment of gain as well as for changing the currently selected function
• two independant gates for accurate wall thickness measurements from the workpiece surface up to the first echo, or between two backwall echoes, including measurement on coated workpieces with a resolution of 0.01 mm (up to 100 mm), referred to steel
• Magnify gate: spreading of the gate range over the entire screen width
• fast, high-contrast LCD to display the digitized echo signals (320 × 240 pixels, 96 × 72 mm)
• data memory: 200 data sets, including alphanumeric description, documentation possibility via a printer • increased calibration range: up to 9999 mm (steel),
depending on the frequency range • semiautomatic two point calibration
• pulse repetition frequency variable in ten steps to avoid phantom echoes when testing large workpieces
• choice of frequency range for the connected probe. • signal display mode: full-wave rectification, positive half-wave or negative halv-wave and radio frequency • display of 4 readings plus 1 reading zoomed in the
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 1-11
Introduction
How to use this manual
1.4
How to use this manual
For a quick grasp of the operating manual
Before operating the USM 25 for the first time, it is absolutely necessary that you read the chapters 1, 3 and 4 of this manual. They will inform you about the necessary preparations of the instrument, give you a description of all keys and screen displays, and explain the operating principle.In doing this, you will avoid any errors or failures of the instrument and be able to use the full range of instru-ment functions.
You will find the latest changes to this operating manual in chapter 10 Changes. It describes corrections that have become necessary at short notice and have not yet been included in the general manual. If no correc-tions have become necessary, this chapter is empty. The specifications / Technical Specifications according to EN 12668-1 for the USM 25 family can be found in the attachment at the end of this operating manual.
The Data Logger option, which can be applied to all USM 25 versions, is described in a chapter of its own -at the end of the oper-ating manual. All functions refer-ring to the Data Logger and the tolerance monitor are described here. At the same time, the standard operat-ing manual applies to all other functions.
Introduction
How to use this manual
1.4
How to use this manual
For a quick grasp of the operating manual
Before operating the USM 25 for the first time, it is absolutely necessary that you read the chapters 1, 3 and 4 of this manual. They will inform you about the necessary preparations of the instrument, give you a description of all keys and screen displays, and explain the operating principle.In doing this, you will avoid any errors or failures of the instrument and be able to use the full range of instru-ment functions.
You will find the latest changes to this operating manual in chapter 10 Changes. It describes corrections that have become necessary at short notice and have not yet been included in the general manual. If no correc-tions have become necessary, this chapter is empty. The specifications / Technical Specifications according to EN 12668-1 for the USM 25 family can be found in the attachment at the end of this operating manual.
The Data Logger option, which can be applied to all USM 25 versions, is described in a chapter of its own -at the end of the oper-ating manual. All functions refer-ring to the Data Logger and the tolerance monitor are described here. At the same time, the standard operat-ing manual applies to all other functions.
1-12 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Introduction Layout and presentation in this manual
1.5
Layout and presentation in
this manual
To make it easier for you to use this manual, all operat-ing steps, notes, etc., are always presented in the same way. This will help you find individual pieces of information quickly.
Attention and Note symbols
A
Attention:The Attention symbol indicates peculiarities and special aspects in the operation which could affect the accuracy of the results.
H Note:
Note contains e.g. references to other chapters or special recommendations for a function.
Listings
Listings are presented in the following form: • Variant A
• Variant B • ...
Operating steps
Operating steps appear as shown in the following example:
– Loosen the two screws at the bottom. – Remove the cover.
– ...
Introduction Layout and presentation in this manual
1.5
Layout and presentation in
this manual
To make it easier for you to use this manual, all operat-ing steps, notes, etc., are always presented in the same way. This will help you find individual pieces of information quickly.
Attention and Note symbols
A
Attention:The Attention symbol indicates peculiarities and special aspects in the operation which could affect the accuracy of the results.
H Note:
Note contains e.g. references to other chapters or special recommendations for a function.
Listings
Listings are presented in the following form: • Variant A
• Variant B • ...
Operating steps
Operating steps appear as shown in the following example:
– Loosen the two screws at the bottom. – Remove the cover.
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 2-1
Standard package and accessories
2
2-2 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Scope of supply and accessories
This chapter informs you about the standard package and the accessories available for the USM 25. It describes
• accessories included in the standard package, • recommended accessories
Scope of supply and accessories
This chapter informs you about the standard package and the accessories available for the USM 25. It describes
• accessories included in the standard package, • recommended accessories
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 2-3
2.1
Standard package
Product code Description Order number
Ultrasonic testing kit consisting of:
USM 25 Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, basic version
with Lemo connectors 35 050
or
with BNC connectors 35 052
or
USM 25 DAC Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC version
with Lemo connectors 35 049
or
with BNC connectors 35 051
or
USM 25S Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DA/TCGC and
DGS evaluation with LEMO connectors 35 054 or
with BNC connectors 35 053
UM 20 Transport case 34 913
Plug-in power supply unit 18 348
Scope of supply and accessories
Standard package
2.1
Standard package
Product code Description Order number
Ultrasonic testing kit consisting of:
USM 25 Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, basic version
with Lemo connectors 35 050
or
with BNC connectors 35 052
or
USM 25 DAC Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC version
with Lemo connectors 35 049
or
with BNC connectors 35 051
or
USM 25S Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DA/TCGC and
DGS evaluation with LEMO connectors 35 054 or
with BNC connectors 35 053
UM 20 Transport case 34 913
Plug-in power supply unit 18 348
Scope of supply and accessories
2-4 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Scope of supply and accessories Standard package
Product code Description Order number
Operating manual in German 28 661 or
operating manual in English 28 662
Scope of supply and accessories Standard package
Product code Description Order number
Operating manual in German 28 661 or
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 2-5
Scope of supply and accessories
Recommended accessories
2.2
Recommended accessories
Product code Description Order number
UM 23 NiMH battery pack 25 274
NCA 1-4 4 NiCd cells 34 910
Quick charger for external charging of the NiCds 18 673 UM 21 Transport case for instrument and accessories 25 255 UM 22 Weatherproof protection with neckstrap 35 254 UM 25 Lemo plug (8 pin) with open ended cable 35 268 UD 20 PC cable, 25-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 32 291 UD 31 PC cable, 9-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 34 943 UD 30 Seiko Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 9-pin (printer) 18 495 UD 32 Epson Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 25-pin (printer) 34 944 Adapter 25/9-pin for printer cable UD 19-1 on USM 25 16 121 UM 27 DL Option: Data Logger (retrofittable to all versions) 35 455
Scope of supply and accessories
Recommended accessories
2.2
Recommended accessories
Product code Description Order number
UM 23 NiMH battery pack 25 274
NCA 1-4 4 NiCd cells 34 910
Quick charger for external charging of the NiCds 18 673 UM 21 Transport case for instrument and accessories 25 255 UM 22 Weatherproof protection with neckstrap 35 254 UM 25 Lemo plug (8 pin) with open ended cable 35 268 UD 20 PC cable, 25-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 32 291 UD 31 PC cable, 9-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 34 943 UD 30 Seiko Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 9-pin (printer) 18 495 UD 32 Epson Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 25-pin (printer) 34 944 Adapter 25/9-pin for printer cable UD 19-1 on USM 25 16 121 UM 27 DL Option: Data Logger (retrofittable to all versions) 35 455
2-6 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Product code Description Order number
Epson LX Matrix printer for mains operation, single sheet and
continuous stationary 17 995
Seiko DPU Thermal printer for mains and battery operation 17 993 UM 200 W UltraDOC data communication software for USM 35 024 PZ-USM Test certificate according to EN 12668-1 35 263
Scope of supply and accessories Recommended accessories
Product code Description Order number
Epson LX Matrix printer for mains operation, single sheet and
continuous stationary 17 995
Seiko DPU Thermal printer for mains and battery operation 17 993 UM 200 W UltraDOC data communication software for USM 35 024 PZ-USM Test certificate according to EN 12668-1 35 263
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 3-1
Initial start-up
3
3-2 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Initial start-up
Connecting the instrument
Use the corresponding power supply unit to connect the USM 25 to the mains socket-outlet. The socket-contact is at the top left of the USM 25.
The power supply unit is automatically set to any nominal voltage between 100 VAC and 240 VAC.
A
Attention:Always press the U key in order to switch the instru-ment off correctly. If power is interrupted (battery
Power supply
3.1
Power supply
The USM 25 can be operated with a plug-in power supply unit or with batteries.
You can connect the USM 25 to the mains supply system even if it carries batteries. The battery power is then automatically interrupted.
Operation using the power supply unit
Power pack adaptor
The power supply unit is delivered with two different plug adaptors - for Euro and USA standard. If the adaptor plugged in your power supply unit does not correspond to your plug connector standard, you can exchange it. – To do this, just pull out the attached adaptor and
replace it with the required one. H
HH HH Note:
You should exchange the plug adaptor only once because the plug-in power supply unit is not meant for frequent changing.
Ð
Initial start-up
Connecting the instrument
Use the corresponding power supply unit to connect the USM 25 to the mains socket-outlet. The socket-contact is at the top left of the USM 25.
The power supply unit is automatically set to any nominal voltage between 100 VAC and 240 VAC.
A
Attention:Always press the U key in order to switch the instru-Power supply
3.1
Power supply
The USM 25 can be operated with a plug-in power supply unit or with batteries.
You can connect the USM 25 to the mains supply system even if it carries batteries. The battery power is then automatically interrupted.
Operation using the power supply unit
Power pack adaptor
The power supply unit is delivered with two different plug adaptors - for Euro and USA standard. If the adaptor plugged in your power supply unit does not correspond to your plug connector standard, you can exchange it. – To do this, just pull out the attached adaptor and
replace it with the required one. H
HH HH Note:
You should exchange the plug adaptor only once because the plug-in power supply unit is not meant for
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 3-3
Initial start-up
Power supply
compartment cover open, mains plug pulled) the instrument will not correctly switch off, therefore the last A-scan will remain on the display for about 10 minutes.
Operation using batteries
Please only use the products recommended by us for the battery operation.
Inserting batteries
The battery compartment is located at the bottom of the instrument; the opening with the Bayonet lock cap is on the right.
– Loosen the Bayonet lock. Half a quarter turn of the lock is enogh to open or close it.
– Insert the four C-size cells one by one into the battery compartment, with the positive pole to the left. Notice the information on the instrument back. – After that, close the battery compartment by
tighten-ing the Bayonet lock up to the limit stop again. Charge indicator
The measurement line of the USM 25 indicates an inverted B if the battery voltage is too low.
H Note:
If the symbol for low battery voltage appears, you should urgently end your test job and exchange the batteries.
Please take spare batteries with you if you aim to carry out measurements on site.
Charging NiCd or NiMH batteries
NiMH batteries can be charged in the instrument (using the NiMH battery pack UM 23) or using an external battery charger (single NiCd or NiMH batteries). open closed
Initial start-up
Power supply
compartment cover open, mains plug pulled) the instrument will not correctly switch off, therefore the last A-scan will remain on the display for about 10 minutes.
Operation using batteries
Please only use the products recommended by us for the battery operation.
Inserting batteries
The battery compartment is located at the bottom of the instrument; the opening with the Bayonet lock cap is on the right.
– Loosen the Bayonet lock. Half a quarter turn of the lock is enogh to open or close it.
– Insert the four C-size cells one by one into the battery compartment, with the positive pole to the left. Notice the information on the instrument back. – After that, close the battery compartment by
tighten-ing the Bayonet lock up to the limit stop again. Charge indicator
The measurement line of the USM 25 indicates an inverted B if the battery voltage is too low.
H Note:
If the symbol for low battery voltage appears, you should urgently end your test job and exchange the batteries.
Please take spare batteries with you if you aim to carry out measurements on site.
Charging NiCd or NiMH batteries
NiMH batteries can be charged in the instrument (using the NiMH battery pack UM 23) or using an external battery charger (single NiCd or NiMH batteries). open closed
3-4 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Initial start-up
Internal charging H Note:
Internal charging option will be available for instruments from serial number 2501.
Requirements:
• NiMH battery pack, product code UM 23 • Plug-in power supply unit
Operation:
A check is made at each charging start to find out whether a battery pack has been inserted or not. If not, the three LEDs on the USM 25 (A, R, D) flash at a slow pace. If the battery pack UM 23 is in the instrument, charging will start automatically:
– with the instrument turned off if you connect the plug-in power supply unit
– with the plug-in power supply unit connected if you turn the instrument off
During charging, the three LEDs are constantly lit. On
completion of the charging process, the three LEDs flash at a quick pace.
Carging time:
The charging time is < 3 hours at an ambient
temperature ranging from 25 °C to 30 °C. Please note that the batteries are not recharged to their full capacity at higher temperatures.
Interruption of charging:
1. Normal case: monitoring after gradual temperature rise
2. Safety precaution: Interruption at an excess temperature (approx. 50 °C)
3. Saftey precaution: Interruption approx. 6 hours after charging start.
After each interruption of charging, the timer is restarted. H Note:
If the USM 25 is turned on during the charging process, charging is interrupted and the timer is reset. The temperature monitoring is maintained.
Power supply
Initial start-up
Internal charging H Note:
Internal charging option will be available for instruments from serial number 2501.
Requirements:
• NiMH battery pack, product code UM 23 • Plug-in power supply unit
Operation:
A check is made at each charging start to find out whether a battery pack has been inserted or not. If not, the three LEDs on the USM 25 (A, R, D) flash at a slow pace. If the battery pack UM 23 is in the instrument, charging will start automatically:
– with the instrument turned off if you connect the plug-in power supply unit
– with the plug-in power supply unit connected if you turn the instrument off
completion of the charging process, the three LEDs flash at a quick pace.
Carging time:
The charging time is < 3 hours at an ambient
temperature ranging from 25 °C to 30 °C. Please note that the batteries are not recharged to their full capacity at higher temperatures.
Interruption of charging:
1. Normal case: monitoring after gradual temperature rise
2. Safety precaution: Interruption at an excess temperature (approx. 50 °C)
3. Saftey precaution: Interruption approx. 6 hours after charging start.
After each interruption of charging, the timer is restarted. H Note:
If the USM 25 is turned on during the charging process, charging is interrupted and the timer is reset. The
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 3-5
Initial start-up
3.2
Connecting a probe
To prepare the USM 25 for operation, you have to connect a probe to it. Any Krautkramer probe can be used for the USM 25, provided the appropriate cable is available and the operating frequency is within an adequate range.
The USM 25 is available with the probe connectors LEMO 1 or BNC.
The probe is connected to the sockets at the top right on the instrument casing. Both connector sockets are equally suitable (connected in parallel) for connecting probes equipped with only one ultrasonic element (ultrasonic transducer) so that it does not matter which one of the two sockets is used.
When connecting a dual-element (TR) probe (having one transmitter element and one receiver element), or two probes (of which one is transmitting and the other one receiving), attention should be paid to connecting the transmitter element to the right-hand socket (trans-mitter, marked with black circle at the rear of the instrument case) and the receiver element to the left-hand socket (receiver, marked with red circle). Connecting a probe
If this is not taken into account, the consequence would be a mismatching which may lead to consider-able power losses or even to echo waveform distor-tions.
Receiver Transmitter
Initial start-up
3.2
Connecting a probe
To prepare the USM 25 for operation, you have to connect a probe to it. Any Krautkramer probe can be used for the USM 25, provided the appropriate cable is available and the operating frequency is within an adequate range.
The USM 25 is available with the probe connectors LEMO 1 or BNC.
The probe is connected to the sockets at the top right on the instrument casing. Both connector sockets are equally suitable (connected in parallel) for connecting probes equipped with only one ultrasonic element (ultrasonic transducer) so that it does not matter which one of the two sockets is used.
When connecting a dual-element (TR) probe (having one transmitter element and one receiver element), or two probes (of which one is transmitting and the other one receiving), attention should be paid to connecting the transmitter element to the right-hand socket (trans-mitter, marked with black circle at the rear of the instrument case) and the receiver element to the left-hand socket (receiver, marked with red circle). Connecting a probe
If this is not taken into account, the consequence would be a mismatching which may lead to consider-able power losses or even to echo waveform distor-tions.
3-6 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Initial start-up
3.3 Starting the USM 25
Switching on/off
To start the USM 25, press the switch-on key U. The start display of the USM 25 appears; here you will also see the current software version of the instrument. The instrument carries out a self-check and then switches over to stand-by mode.
The settings of all function values and the basic settings (language and units) are the same as before switching-on of the instrument.
H Note:
The LCD contrast is always set to the medium value CONTR = 50 after switch-on. If another value is already required during the switch-on, e.g. because of a higher or lower ambient temperature, press one of the five function group keys u while pressing the switch-on key U. CONTR = 10 30 50 70 90
u u u u u
Starting the USM 25
Reset
If any functions can no longer be operated after a warm start, or if you want to reset the instrument to the basic setup, then you should carry out a cold start by simul-taneously pressing the Y and the U key.
The cold start message “Basic Initialization” is dis-played. The instrument is initialized and reset to its basic setup (dialog language: English, for more details on how to select the language, please refer to chapter 4).
A
Attention:All saved data are deleted.
Information lines in the startup screen
You can enter two lines (each with up to 39 characters) for information purposes in the startup screen. For this use the remote function (codes I1 and I2, refer to chapter 8.4).Initial start-up
3.3 Starting the USM 25
Switching on/off
To start the USM 25, press the switch-on key U. The start display of the USM 25 appears; here you will also see the current software version of the instrument. The instrument carries out a self-check and then switches over to stand-by mode.
The settings of all function values and the basic settings (language and units) are the same as before switching-on of the instrument.
H Note:
The LCD contrast is always set to the medium value CONTR = 50 after switch-on. If another value is already required during the switch-on, e.g. because of a higher or lower ambient temperature, press one of the five function group keys u while pressing the switch-on key U. CONTR = 10 30 50 70 90
Starting the USM 25
Reset
If any functions can no longer be operated after a warm start, or if you want to reset the instrument to the basic setup, then you should carry out a cold start by simul-taneously pressing the Y and the U key.
The cold start message “Basic Initialization” is dis-played. The instrument is initialized and reset to its basic setup (dialog language: English, for more details on how to select the language, please refer to chapter 4).
A
Attention:All saved data are deleted.
Information lines in the startup screen
You can enter two lines (each with up to 39 characters) for information purposes in the startup screen. For this use the remote function (codes I1 and I2, refer to chapter 8.4).Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 4-1
Principles of operation
4
4-2 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Principles of operation Operator’s controls
Keys for selecting a function
Rotary knob for direct setting of the current function Rotary knob for
direct gain setting Special keys for special instrument functions
Keys for selecting a function group
On/Off key
4.1
Operator’s controls
LED A: Gate alarmR: Rejection D: Dual on
Key for changing the operation level
Principles of operation Operator’s controls
Keys for selecting a function
Rotary knob for direct setting of the current function Rotary knob for
direct gain setting Special keys for special instrument functions
Keys for selecting a function group
On/Off key
4.1
Operator’s controls
LED A: Gate alarmR: Rejection D: Dual on
Key for changing the operation level
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 4-3
Principles of operation
Screen display
4.2
Screen display
The USM 25 has a digital screen for the display of • A-scan in the normal mode
• A-scan in the zoom mode
The zoom mode is activated using the X-key.
The screen display always shows the gain and the adjusted dB step value. All other functions are locked.
Principles of operation
Screen display
4.2
Screen display
The USM 25 has a digital screen for the display of • A-scan in the normal mode
• A-scan in the zoom mode
The zoom mode is activated using the X-key.
The screen display always shows the gain and the adjusted dB step value. All other functions are locked.
4-4 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25
Principles of operation Functions on the display
Functions on the display
The names of the five function groups are displayed at the bottom of the screen. The currently selected function group is highlighted.
Indicated at the right of the display, next to the A-scan, are the functions of the corresponding function group. The display of the functions disappears in the zoom mode.
Principles of operation Functions on the display
Functions on the display
The names of the five function groups are displayed at the bottom of the screen. The currently selected function group is highlighted.
Indicated at the right of the display, next to the A-scan, are the functions of the corresponding function group. The display of the functions disappears in the zoom mode.
Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 4-5 Principles of operation Other displays Amplitude height Gate A (%)t Sound path Gate A Amplitude height Gate B (%) Sound path Gate B Status indicator: TOF = Flank
Other displays
A line below the screen display indicates settings and readings as well as status symbols.
H Note:
Every measurement value can also be shown in an enlarged display at the top right corner of the A-scan (setting in the function group MEAS, function S-DISP).
H Note:
You can configure the four positions of the measure-ment line for set and measured values as required (function group MSEL). Please refer to chapter 5.12, section Configuring the measurement line on this subject.
Example of a measurement line
Principles of operation Other displays Amplitude height Gate A (%)t Sound path Gate A Amplitude height Gate B (%) Sound path Gate B Status indicator: TOF = Flank
Other displays
A line below the screen display indicates settings and readings as well as status symbols.
H Note:
Every measurement value can also be shown in an enlarged display at the top right corner of the A-scan (setting in the function group MEAS, function S-DISP).
H Note:
You can configure the four positions of the measure-ment line for set and measured values as required (function group MSEL). Please refer to chapter 5.12, section Configuring the measurement line on this subject.