M
ATH
'
S
PROJECT
- HOME BUDGET
-Vidhi chokhani Xth
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my Math's Sir , Vilas Wagh , for
giving me such an interesting project .i have learnt
a lot about planning a house in this project . I also
thank my parents for their constant help and
C
ONTENTS
What is Budget?
Types of Budget
What is Personal Budget?
Tools used for creating a personal budget
Following a Budget
Home Budget for Chopra Family
Example
For the Month of January
Bar graph
Pie chart
Pie chart
Conclusion
Bibliography
W
HAT
IS
B
UDGET
?
A budget is a list of all planned expenses and
revenues. It is a plan for saving and spending. A
budget is an important concept in microeconomics,
which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs
between two or more goods. In other terms, a budget is
an organizational plan stated in monetary terms.
In summary, the purpose of budgeting is to:
1.
Provide a forecast of revenues and expenditures,
that is, construct a model of how our business might
perform financially if certain strategies, events and
plans are carried out.
2.
Enable the actual financial operation of the
T
YPES
OF
B
UDGET
Budget types
1. Sales budget: The sales budget is an estimate of future sales,
often broken down into both units and dollars. It is used to create company sales goals.
2. Production budget: Product oriented companies create
a production budget which estimates the number of units that must be manufactured to meet the sales goals. The production budget also estimates the various costs involved with
manufacturing those units, including labor and material.
3. Cash Flow/Cash budget: The cash flow budget is a
prediction of future cash receipts and expenditures for a particular time period. It usually covers a period in the short
term future. The cash flow budget helps the business determine when income will be sufficient to cover expenses and when the company will need to seek outside financing.
4. Marketing budget: The marketing budget is an estimate of the
funds needed for promotion, advertising, and public relations in order to market the product or service.
4. Marketing budget: The marketing budget is an estimate of the funds
needed for promotion, advertising, and public relations in order to market the product or service.
5. Project budget: The project budget is a prediction of the costs
associated with a particular company project. These costs include labor, materials, and other related expenses. The project budget is often broken down into specific tasks, with task budgets assigned to each.
6. Revenue budget: The Revenue Budget consists of revenue receipts of government and the expenditure met from these revenues. Tax
revenues are made up of taxes and other duties that the government levies.
7. Expenditure budget: A budget type which include of spending data items.
W
HAT
IS
P
ERSONAL
B
UDGET
?
A personal budget is a finance plan that allocates
future personal income towards expenses, savings an
debt repayment. Past spending and personal debt are
considered when creating a personal budget. There
are several methods and tools available for creating,
using and adjusting a personal budget.
T
OOLS
USED
FOR
CREATING
A
PERSONAL
BUDGET
Several tools are helpful for constructing a personal budget. Regardless of the tool used,
a budget's accuracy is only as good as the accuracy of the updated budget data; an old budget that does not reflect actual income or expenses is of little use to a current budget. Computer generated budgets have become commonly used as they replace the need to rewrite and recalculate the budget every time there is a change.
Pencil and paper
A simple budget can be written on a piece of a paper with a pencil, and optionally, a calculator. Such budgets can be organized in three-ring binders or a file cabinet. Simpler still are the pre-formatted household budgeting or bookkeeping forms that creates a budget by filling in the blanks.
Spreadsheet software
Spreadsheet software, including Microsoft Excel, iWork Numbers or OpenOffice.org Calc, helps to arrange budgets according to need and performs calculations easily with rudimentary formulas. For example, budget spreadsheets are used to keep track of income and expenses. The major reason most people discontinue using budget spreadsheets that don't offer date-shifting is that the information needs to be reentered or moved at the end of each month. Spreadsheets are still excellent for complex budgets and planning.
Money-management software
Some software is written specifically for money management. Products such as Fortora Fresh Finance, Money dance, Quicken, Microsoft
Money (discontinued), and Gnu Cash are designed to keep track of
individual account information, such as checking, savings or money-market accounts. These programs can categorize past expenses and display
monthly reports that are useful for budgeting future months.
Money-management websites
Several websites, such as Mint.com and Thrive, have been devised to help manage personal finances. Some may have a privacy policy governing the use and sharing of supplied financial information.
Spending-management software
Spending-management software is a variation of money-management
software. Unlike typical budgeting that allocates future personal income towards expenses, savings and debt repayment, this type of software utilizes a known amount of money, the cash on hand, to give the user information regarding what's left to spend in the current month. This method eliminates some of the guess work associated with forecasting what a person might receive for income when it comes to allocating budgeted money. Like money-management software, some spending-management software packages can connect to online bank accounts in order to retrieve a current status report.
F
OLLOWING
A
B
UDGET
Once a budget is constructed and the proper amounts are allocated to their
proper categories, the focus for personal budgeting turns to following the budget. As with allocation, there are various methods available for following a budget.
Envelopes
Envelope Accounting or the is a method of budgeting where on a regular basis (i.e. monthly, biweekly, etc.) a certain amount of money is set aside for a specific
purpose, or category, in an envelope marked for that purpose. Then anytime you make a purchase you look in the envelope for the type of purchase being
considered to see if there are sufficient funds to make the purchase. If the money is there, all is well. Otherwise, you have three options: 1) you do not make the purchase; 2) you wait until you can allocate more money to that envelope; 3) you sacrifice another category by moving money from its associated envelope. The flip side is true as well, if you do not spend everything in the envelope this month then the next allocation adds to what is already there resulting in more money for the next month.
With envelope budgeting, the amount of money left to spend in a given category can be calculated at any time by counting the money in the envelope. Optionally, each envelope can be marked with the amount due each month (if a bill is known ahead of time) and the due date for the bill.
Spreadsheet budgeting with date-shifting
Budget spreadsheets with date-shifting, like Budget-Master.com,
typically offer a detailed view of a 12 month, income and expense,
plan. A good way to follow and manage a budget when using a
spreadsheet that offers date-shifting is to set the current month a
few months before the current month along the 12-month cycle.
Quinn-CO
The Quinn-CO method of budgeting is based on a Canadian
business model where categories of expenses are set up as cost
centres. Cost centres are broken out into three categories of
spending: fixed expenses, variable expenses and savings. Cost
centre targets are based on percentages of monthly net revenue
(household gross income minus taxation and employee
deductions). All expenses are allocated to appropriate cost
centres based on a set of business rules outlined in the book
Wake Up or Die Poor The ratio of fixed expenses to variable
expenses to savings make up a family's pie. When fixed expenses
make up more than 50% of a household's net revenue, That-CO
is in the "prickly" pie.
E
XAMPLE
1. Family’s Name : Chopra’s 2. No. of Family members:6
3. No. of Earning Members of the Family: 2 4. No. of children studing:2
5. No. of Helping Hands at home:2
(1 part-time,1 full time)
6. No. of Telephone lines (Land lines):1 7. No. of Mobile phones:4
8. No. of Vehicals:2
9. (1 four wheeler;1 two wheeler) 10. House owned
11. Designation of earning members : Grandfather: Manager in ICICI Bank
Father : Executive director in Mehta & Mehta
Company
F
OR
THE
M
ONTH
OF
J
ANUARY
CATEGORY MONTHLY AMOUNT
TOTAL INCOME
75000
TAXES15000
ACTUAL INCOME60000
HOUSE MAINTAINANCE4000
GROCERRY+FRUITS+VEGE TABLES12000
MILK5000
ELECTRICITY+WATER2500
CONVEYANCE1000
CATEGORY MONTHLY AMOUNT CLOTHING 2500 EDUCATION+CLASSES 5000 ENTERTAINMENT+PRESETATIO N 2000 AUTOMOBILES 2000 TELEPHONE+MOBILE 2000 HOME HELPERS 1500 REPAIRS 500 CABLE+INTRNET CONNECTION 500 TRAVELLING 2000 LAUNDARY 500 SHOPPING 2500 STATIONERY 500 MEDICAL 5000 GRAND TOTAL 51000 SAVINGS 9000 YEARLY SAVINGS 10800
BAR GRAPH COMPARING ALL THE
EXPENSES
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000PIE CHARTCOMPARING ALL THE
EXPENSES
HOUSE MAINTAINANCE GROCERRY+FRUITS+VEGETABLES MILK ELECTRICITY+WATER CONVEYANCE CLOTHING EDUCATION+CLASSES ENTERTAINMENT+PRESETATION AUTOMOBILES TELEPHONE+MOBILE HOME HELPERS REPAIRS CABLE+INTRNET CONNECTION TRAVELLING LAUNDARY SHOPPING STATIONERY MEDICALPIE GRAPH COMPARING THE SAVINGS
AND ACTUAL AMOUNT
ACTUAL INCOME SAVINGS
CONCLUSION
Total income for Chopra Family is Rs.250000.the
tax to be paid is the 10% of the total income , that is
Rs.25000.
The actual income is (Total Income - Taxes ). The
actual income is Rs.225000.
