Let s start with an activity

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Pre Quiz

o What is the purpose/function of cellular respiration?

o What is the name of the organelle where cellular respiration occurs? o Plants and animals perform cellular respiration. (true or false?) o What is the energy molecule produced during cellular respiration? o Heterotrophs make their own food. (true or false?)

o What is missing from this equation?

glucose+ ________ = Energy (ATP) + water + ___________

Answers

 To make chemical energy that cells can use to power metabolic reactions

 Mitochondria

 True

 ATP (adenosine tri phosphate)

 False

 Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + water + carbon dioxide

Let’s start with an activity

 http://www.teachersdomain.org/asset/lsps07_int_cellenergy/

 There isn’t any sound. Read the captions…follow the process and the cycle with photosynthesis

Let’s create the equation

What ARE the inputs of Cellular Respiration

?

–

Names and chemical formulas (what is each atom?)

What are the outputs?

–

Names and chemical formulas (what is each atom?)

 Glucose + Oxygen =Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide

 Balanced equation

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Can you track the rearrangement of the elements? C6H12O6 + 6O2 = Energy (ATP) + 6H2O + 6CO2

Cellular Respiration quick facts

 Occurs in the mitochondria

 Two stages of Cellular Respiration

 Glycolysis (no oxygen)

 Kreb’s cycle (oxygen)

Where we start

Glycolysis:

–

Takes place in the cytosol (cytoplasm)

–

Glucose (food) is broken down into 2, three-carbon molecules called pyruvic acid

–

Oxygen is NOT needed (anaerobic)

–

2 molecules of ATP are produced and used in the next step, the Kreb’s cycle

After glycolysis

When oxygen is present: AEROBIC RESPIRATION

 Oxygen is needed (this is why we breathe)

 Produces large amounts of ATP

 Many steps in the process

 Occurs in the mitochondria

No oxygen present: Aneraobic Respiration  Fermentation: Alcohol or lactic acid

 Process requires no oxygen

 Small amounts of ATP are produced

 We take advantage of this with yeast (bread), and to make alcoholic beverages

 Lactic acid fermentation occurs when muscle cells are lacking oxygen. This cause muscle pain

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Kreb’s cycle

 The pyruvic acid from glycolysis is broken down producing CO2 and a 2 carbon

molecule called CoEnzyme-A.

 CoEnzyme-A enters the mitochondrial matrix and the Krebs's cycle

 Through many re-arrangements of carbon molecules NAD+ is converted to NADH and FAD2+ is converted to FADH and shipped to the electron transport chain

Electron Transport Chain

 This occurs after the kreb’s cycle. For the EOC you do not have to know these details.

 However, keep in mind this is the process that produces the maority of the ATP.

 The Kreb’s cycle produces the reactants (ingredients) to power this step.



Electron transport chain is also part of photosynthesis.



Glycolysis and Kreb’s Cycle

Glycolysis  Reactants o Glucose o ATP  Products o ATP o NADH

o Pyruvic acid (glucose is broken down into this)

Kreb’s Cycle

 Reactants

o Pyruvic Acid

o NADH

o OXYGEN

WOW!! That was a lot



What you have to be sure to KNOW

o

Glycolysis does not use Oxygen, occurs in the

cytoplasm

and makes

molecules used in the second step: Kreb’s Cycle

o

Kreb’s Cycle

needs OXYGEN

and further rearranges the glucose

molecule to produce more molecules to be used in the mass

production of ATP

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The big picture question

•

WHY do we breathe???

•

Don’t you dare tell me you will die!!

Now

more

big picture stuff

Photosynthesis and respiration

Photosynthesis

 Reactants (what it needs)

o Energy (sun)

o Carbon dioxide

o Water

 Products (what it makes)

o Glucose

o Oxygen

Respiration

 Reactants (what it needs)

o Oxygen

o Glucose

 Products (what it makes)

o Energy (ATP)

o Carbon Dioxide

o Water

They are OPPOSITES!!

remember:

Food chain begins with the sun…

Autotrophs (producers) make glucose Herbivores (consumers) eat the producers Carnivores (consmers) eat herbivores

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 It all starts with the autotrophs!! Which means it all starts with what energy source?



Hmmm…cellular respiration needs oxygen….

 Where does the oxygen come from?



PHOTOSYNTHESIS!



Photosynthesis needs carbon dioxide

 where does THAT come from??



Cellular Respiration!!



It’s a CYCLE

Who/what can do cellular respiration

 Prokaryotes o Bacteria  Eukaryotes  Plants  Animals  fungi

Respiration vs. fermentation

 Fermentation: Process that provides energy for cells without using oxygen

o This is for organisms or places that do not need or have oxygen

o Unicellular, live at bottom of ocean/mud

o Produces much less energy than respiration

 Two types of fermentation

o Alcoholic Fermentation

o Lactic Acid Fermentation

Alcohol Fermentation

Where: in yeast and other unicellular organisms, to make oxygen Products: alcohol, little energy, and carbon dioxide

Used by us for: making bread, beer, wine

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Where: in animal muscles

Products: lactic acid and energy

Cause: lack of oxygen such as when you work out

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Try the quiz again

What is the purpose/function of cellular respiration?

What is the name of the organelle where cellular respiration occurs? Plants and animals perform cellular respiration. (true or false?) What is the energy molecule produced during cellular respiration? Heterotrophs make their own food. (true or false?)

What is missing from this equation?