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Library guide

Referencing and citing

Janet MacKay, July 2015

UG GEN007 [http://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/documents/guides/gen/uggen007.pdf]

Please note: some examples in this guide have been altered slightly to reflect the latest editions of the source material referred to (see page 9) and changes in general referencing practices.

1. Introduction

This guide explains how to record what you have read and referred to in your written work, both within the text (citing) and at the end of your written work (bibliography). It is vital that you acknowledge what resources - print and electronic (including the Web) - you have referred to in your report or essay…

…if you don’t, you can be accused of plagiarism - the unacknowledged use of other people’s words and ideas. This is cheating.

There are two systems of referencing: author/date and numerical. Within these systems there are more than 3000 different styles.

This guide provides a basic introduction and covers only three of the more common styles. There is no single style used across the University. In fact style preferences can vary within a School or Department.

Always check your course handbook and/or ask your supervisor. You may lose marks for poor referencing.

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Students of the School of Education and the School of Law have their own specific referencing styles and they should use the separate education and law guides rather than this one.

2. Citing within the text

When you refer in your written work to someone else’s ideas, whether you are using your own words (paraphrasing) or quoting their exact words (never more than a couple of sentences), you must provide a short citation in the text using one of the following:

 AUTHOR/DATE SYSTEM (eg Harvard and MHRA)

Using the Harvard method, put the author’s surname and year of publication in round brackets immediately before or after the text.

eg (in the text) Smith (2001, p. 45) has argued that…. OR

“life is a sham” (Brown, 2008, p. 23).

 NUMERIC SYSTEM (eg Vancouver/Uniform)

Use a running number in the text which links to the numbering in the bibliography at the end. eg (in the text) Archer (3) claims that …

(and in the bibliography at the end)

3. Archer, D. (2007) Global warming. Oxford: Blackwell. USING FOOTNOTES (eg Chicago and MHRA)

Use a running number for each chapter and cite the work in a footnote at the bottom of the page. eg (MHRA style in the text) Moffat argues that our landscape has formed our history. 10

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OR

‘Time is a commodity which few women possess in great quantity.’ 1

(then at the foot of the page)

1 _{Donna Dickenson.}_{Property, women & politics}_{. (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997) p.7.}

USING QUOTATIONS

If you are quoting more than a few words then indent the quotation from the rest of the text, for example: For a class in a subordinate position within the whole system of social production to become an effective contender for power it must first become conscious, both of its own position and of the antagonistic

relationship that this involves with the dominant class. As Marx (1920, pp. 188-189) explains in relation to the working class:

The economic conditions have in the first place transformed the mass of the people of a country into wage-workers. The domination of capital has created for this mass of people a common situation with common interests.

Marx, K. (1920) The poverty of philosophy: being a translation of the misère de la philosophie (a reply to “la philosophie de la misère” of M. Proudhon). Translated from the French by H. Quelch. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr. (Original work published 1847).

The above quotation is referenced using the Harvard style.

Citing a secondary person

Only cite the work that you have actually read. If you read a source that refers to the work of someone else ideally you should find and read the work that has been referred to. However, if you are unable to locate the original work you must make it clear to your reader that you are citing work that you have not read. The work that you have read is ‘secondary’ as you are relying on someone else’s interpretation or opinion of the original work rather than your own. For example:

Smith (2007) cites Brown 2001 saying that……… OR

Brown (2001, cited by Smith 2007) says…….

In your bibliography only reference Smith as you have not actually read the book by Brown.

Citing personal communications, lecture notes etc.

Requirements for this depend on your discipline and/or referencing style. In most instances such works are cited within the text; however a fuller citation within the reference list may not be permitted. Check your course handbook or with your supervisor. An example of a personal communication would be:

Within the text: Dawson (2012, personal communication) stated that….

In the bibliography: Dawson GA (2009) Phone conversation with Janet MacKay, 4 September

Electronic/print format references

References are intended to point the reader to the source of a statement or argument. Sources may be in print or electronic format and some styles require that the reference indicates the document format. Check your course handbook or with your supervisor to find out whether the source format is important (there can be slight variations in pagination or content between formats) and how much information you should present for electronic sources.

Note: the Harvard referencing style used to require print and electronic resources to be referenced

differently. This is no longer seen as necessary. If an electronic resource has all of the elements of the print version (eg page numbers, publication details) it should be referenced in the same way as the print version.

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Corporate authors

Some publications are created or written by corporate organisations rather than being attributed to individual people. This may often be the case for organisational reports and web pages. The name of the organisation is known as the “corporate author” eg University of Aberdeen.

3. The bibliography/reference list at the end of your written work

You must create a bibliography at the end of your written piece of work. Check with your supervisor if you are expected to include everything you have read (bibliography) or simply list those items you’ve referred to in the text (reference list). Whichever style is required, it is either in alphabetical order by author or in numerical order if using a numeric style.

Depending on the style you use, there are conventions for how many authors to include. Generally the rule is a maximum of 2 or 3 but for some science based styles the maximum is 6.

Many disciplines in the Arts & Humanities expect primary and secondary material to be listed separately. The following are some of the more common styles:

 Harvard: used across many disciplines

 MHRA: used in some areas of the Arts and Humanities

 Vancouver/Uniform: used in some science and medical areas

Harvard British Standard, a variation of Harvard, requires that you put the author’s family name in capitals. eg BLAXTER, L., HUGHES, C. and TIGHT, M. (2010) How to research, 4th edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

The details required in a reference vary according to the type of document you are citing, eg whole books, journal articles, conference proceedings. See the tables below for examples:

Book – whole (print)

Harvard Blaxter, L., Hughes, C. and Tight, M. (2010) How to research, 4th edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

MHRA Blaxter, Loraine, Christina Hughes and Malcolm Tight, How to Research, 4th edn (Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2010)

Vancouver/ Uniform

Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M. How to research. 4th ed. Maidenhead (UK): Open University Press; 2010. 329 p.

Book – whole (e-book in a database)

Harvard Blaxter, L., Hughes, C. and Tight, M. (2010) How to research, 4th edn. Maidenhead: Open University Press.

MHRA

Blaxter, Loraine, Christina Hughes and Malcolm Tight, How to Research, 4th edn

(Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2010), in ebrary <http://www.ebrary.com> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M. How to research. 4th ed. Maidenhead (UK): Open University Press; 2010 [cited 2015 Jul 28]. In: ebrary [Internet]. Ann Arbor (MI): ProQuest LLC. [2001] Available from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/aberdeenuniv/detail.action?docID=10441949.

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Book – whole (downloaded on to an ereader)

Harvard Blaxter, L., Hughes, C. and Tight, M. (2010) How to research. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindlebooks (downloaded 28 July 2015).

MHRA Blaxter, Loraine, Christina Hughes and Malcolm Tight, How to Research, 4th edn (Maidenhead: Open University Press, 2010). Kindle e-book

Blaxter L, Hughes C, Tight M. How to research [Internet]. 4th ed. Maidenhead (UK): Open University Press; 2010 [cited 2015 Jul 28]. Available from: http://www.amazon.co.uk/How-

Research-Open-Study-Skills-ebook/dp/B004UBCX5K/ref=sr_1_1?s=digital-text&ie=UTF8&qid=1438603036&sr=1-1

Book – chapter (print)

Harvard

Gooday, G. (2011) ‘Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness’, in Livingstone, D. N. and Withers, C. W. J. (eds.), Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 203-228.

MHRA

Gooday, Graeme ‘Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness’, in Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science, ed. by David N. Livingstone and Charles W. J. Withers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), pp. 203-28

Gooday G. Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness. In: Livingston DN, Withers CW, editors. Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2011. p. 203-28.

Book – chapter (e-book chapter in a database)

Harvard

Gooday, G. (2011) ‘Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness’, in Livingstone, D. N. and Withers, C. W. J. (eds.), Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 203-228.

MHRA

Gooday, Graeme ‘Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness’, in Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science, ed. by David N. Livingstone and Charles W. J. Withers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), pp. 203-28, in University Press Scholarship Online <http://www.universitypressscholarship.com> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Gooday G. Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness. In: Livingstone DN, Withers CW, editors. Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science [Internet]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2011 [cited 2015 Jul 28]. p. 203-28. Available from: http://chicago.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7208/chicago/ 9780226487298.001.0001/upso-9780226487267

Book – chapter (downloaded on to an ereader)

Harvard

Gooday, G. (2011) ‘Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness’, in Livingstone, D. N. and Withers, C. W. J. (eds.), Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science. Available at: http://www.amazon.co.uk/kindlebooks (downloaded 28 July 2015). MHRA

Gooday, Graeme ‘Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness’, in Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science, ed. by David N. Livingstone and Charles W. J. Withers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011). Kindle e-book

Gooday G. Electricity and the Sociable Circulation of Fear and Fearlessness. In: Livingstone DN, Withers CW, editors. Geographies of Nineteenth-Century Science

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Conference paper (print)

Harvard

Andone, D., Vasiu, R. and Robu, N. (2011) ‘Building a virtual campus for digital students’, IEEE Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education. Princess Sumaya University for Technology,Amman, Jordan, 4-6 April.

Washington, DC: IEEE, pp. 1069-1073.

MHRA

Andone, Diana, Radu Vasiu and Nicolae Robu, ‘Building a Virtual Campus for Digital Students’, in IEEE Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education - IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), (New York: IEEE, 2011), pp. 1069-1073

Andone D, Vasiu R, Robu N. Building a virtual campus for digital students. In: IEEE Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 2011 Apr 4-6; Princess Sumaya University for Technology,Amman, Jordan. New York: IEEE; 2011. p. 1069-73.

Conference paper (e-conference paper in a database)

Harvard

Available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ (Accessed 28 July 2015).

MHRA

Andone, Diana, Radu Vasiu and Nicolae Robu, ‘Building a Virtual Campus for Digital Students’, in IEEE Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education - IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), (New York: IEEE, 2011), p. 1069-1073, in IEEE Xplore <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Andone D, Vasiu R, Robu N. Building a virtual campus for digital students. IEEE Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON). 2011 Apr 4-6; Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan. New York: IEEE; 2011 [cited 2015 Jul 28];1069-73. In: IEEE Xplore [Internet]. New York: IEEE. [1963] - . [about 4 screens]. Available from: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/

stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5773280

Conference paper (e-conference paper on the Internet)

Harvard

Available at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/

252001202_Building_a_Virtual_Campus_for_digital_students (Accessed 28 July 2015).

MHRA

Andone, Diana, Radu Vasiu and Nicolae Robu, ‘Building a Virtual Campus for Digital Students’, in IEEE Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education - IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), (New York: IEEE, 2011), <http://www.researchgate.net/publication/

252001202_Building_a_Virtual_Campus_for_digital_students> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Andone D, Vasiu R, Robu N. Building a virtual campus for digital students. In: IEEE Engineering Education 2011: Learning Environments and Ecosystems in Engineering Education [Internet]. 2011 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON); 2011 Apr 4-6; Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan. New York: IEEE; 2011 [cited 2015 Jul 28]. [about 4 p.]. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/

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Journal article (print)

Harvard Fischer, B.A. and Zigmond, M.J. (2011) ‘Educational approaches for discouraging _{plagiarism’,} Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 29(1), pp. 100-103. MHRA Fischer, Beth A. and Michael J. Zigmond, ‘Educational approaches for discouraging _{plagiarism’,}

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 29 (2011), 100-103 Vancouver/

Uniform

Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism. Urol Oncol-Semin Ori. 2011;29(1):100-3.

Journal article (electronic version of a print journal)

Harvard Fischer, B.A. and Zigmond, M.J. (2011) ‘Educational approaches for discouraging _{plagiarism’,}

Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 29(1), pp. 100-103. MHRA

Fischer, Beth A. and Michael J. Zigmond, ‘Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism’, Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 29 (2011), 100-103, in ScienceDirect <http://www.sciencedirect.com> [accessed 28 Jul 2015]

Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism. Urol Oncol-Semin Ori [Internet]. 2011 Jan-Feb [cited 2015 Jul 28]; 29(1):100-3. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078143910003674

Journal article (e-journal article with no page numbers)

Harvard

Fischer, B.A. and Zigmond, M.J. (2011) ‘Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism’, Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 29(1). doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.11.014.

MHRA

Fischer, Beth A. and Michael J. Zigmond, ‘Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism’, Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 29.1 (2011), <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.11.014>

Fischer BA, Zigmond MJ. Educational approaches for discouraging plagiarism. Urol Oncol-Semin Ori [Internet]. 2011 Jan-Feb [cited 2015 Jul 28]; 29(1). Available from:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.11.014

NB: For Harvard and MHRA, if you use a url it is necessary to include the date accessed. If you use a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), there is no need to give the date accessed.

Newspaper article (print)

Harvard Lagan, B. and Leroux, M. (2007) ‘How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream _{trip to the in-laws’,} The Times (London, England): Home News, 3 August, p. 23.

MHRA Lagan, Bernard and Marcus Leroux, ‘How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his _{dream trip to the in-laws’,} The Times (London, England), 3 August 2007, Home News, p. 23 Vancouver/

Uniform

Lagan B, Leroux M. How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream trip to the in-laws. The Times (London, England). 2007 Aug 3; Home News:23 (col.1).

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Newspaper article (e-newspaper article in a database)

Harvard Lagan, B. and Leroux, M. (2007) ‘How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream _{trip to the in-laws’,} The Times (London, England): Home News, 3 August, p. 23.

MHRA

Lagan, Bernard and Marcus Leroux, ‘How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream trip to the in-laws’, in The Times (London, England), 3 August 2007, p. 23, in The Times Digital Archive 1785-2009 < http://gale.cengage.co.uk/times.aspx/> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Lagan B, Leroux M. How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream trip to the in-laws. The Times (London, England) Home News. 2007 Aug 3 [cited 2015 Jul 28];23. In: The Times Digital Archive 1785-2009 [Internet]. Boston: Cengage Learning. [2007] - . [about 1 screen]. Available from http://find.galegroup.com/ttda/

infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=abdn&tabID=T003&docPage =article&searchType=BasicSearchForm&docId=IF503553416&type=multipage&contentSet =LTO&version=1.0 Gale Document Number: IF503553416

Newspaper article (e-newspaper article on the Internet)

Harvard

Lagan, B. and Leroux, M. (2007) How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream trip to the in-laws. Available at http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/article1973568.ece (Accessed: 28 July 2015).

MHRA

Lagan, Bernard and Marcus Leroux, ‘How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream trip to the in-laws’, The Times (London, England), 3 August 2007

<http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/article1973568.ece> [accessed 28 July 2015] Vancouver/

Uniform

Lagan B, Leroux M. How sailor took a wrong turn and scuppered his dream trip to the in-laws. The Times (London, England) [Internet]. 2007 Aug 3 [cited 2015 Jul 28];Home News:23. Available from: http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/article1973568.ece

Report (print)

Harvard Tesco (2012) Annual Report and Financial Statements 2012. Cheshunt: Tesco PLC. MHRA Tesco, Annual Report and Financial Statements 2012 (Cheshunt: Tesco PLC, 2012) Vancouver/

Uniform Tesco. Annual report and financial statements 2012. Cheshunt (UK): Tesco PLC; 2012. 153 p.

Report (report on the Internet)

Harvard

Tesco (2012) Annual Report and Financial Statements 2012. Available at:

http://www.tescoplc.com/files/reports/ar2012/files/pdf/tesco_annual_report_2012.pdf (Accessed: 28 July 2015).

MHRA

Tesco, Annual Report and Financial Statements 2012 (Cheshunt: Tesco PLC, 2012) <http://www.tescoplc.com/files/reports/ar2012/files/pdf/tesco_annual_report_2012.pdf> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Tesco. Annual report and financial statements 2012 [Internet]. Cheshunt (UK): Tesco; 2012 [cited 2015 Jul 28]. Available from: http://www.tescoplc.com/files/reports/ar2012/files/pdf/ tesco_annual_report_2012.pdf

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Thesis (print)

Harvard Smallegoor, E. (2010) Novel upstarts: Frances Burney and the lower middle class. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Aberdeen.

MHRA Smallegoor, Elles., ‘Novel Upstarts: Frances Burney and the Lower Middle Class’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010)

Smallegoor E. Novel upstarts: Frances Burney and the lower middle class [dissertation]. Aberdeen (UK): University of Aberdeen; 2010. 160 p.

Thesis (thesis on the Internet)

Harvard

Smallegoor, E. (2010) Novel upstarts: Frances Burney and the lower middle class. PhD thesis. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen. Available at: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/ (Accessed: 28 July 2015).

MHRA

Smallegoor, Elles, ‘Novel Upstarts: Frances Burney and the Lower Middle Class’ (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010), in University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources <http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Smallegoor E. Novel upstarts: Frances Burney and the lower middle class [dissertation on the Internet]. Aberdeen (UK): University of Aberdeen; 2010 [cited 2015 Jul 28]. 160 p. Available from: http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/

Law students will find examples of legal documents in the OSCOLA style (4th edition) at:

www.law.ox.ac.uk/publications/oscola.php

UK statute – post 1963 (print)

Harvard Equality Act 2010, c. 15. London: Stationery Office.

MHRA HM Government. Equality Act 2010: Chapter 15. (London: Stationery Office, 2010) Vancouver/

Uniform Equality Act 2010, c. 15 (Eng.).

UK statute (statute on the Internet)

Harvard Equality Act 2010, c. 15. Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/pdfs/ ukpga_20100015_en.pdf (Accessed: 28 July 2015).

MHRA

HM Government. Equality Act 2010: Chapter 15. (London: Stationery Office, 2010)

<http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/pdfs/ukpga_20100015_en.pdf> [accessed 28 July 2015]

Vancouver/

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Web page

Harvard University of Aberdeen (2015) Library, Special Collections and Museums. Available at: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/ (Accessed: 28 July 2015).

MHRA University of Aberdeen, Library, Special Collections and Museums (Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen, 2015), <http://www.abdn.ac.uk/ library/> [accessed 28 July 2015]

University of Aberdeen [Internet]. Aberdeen (UK): University of Aberdeen; 2011-2015. Library, Special Collections and Museums; [cited 2015 Jul 28]; [about 1 screen]. Available from: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/library/

Sources

The examples in this referencing guide are based on the following sources:

Harvard

Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 9th edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (Palgrave Study Skills).

MHRA

Modern Humanities Research Association, MHRA Style Guide: A Handbook for Authors and Editors, 3rd edn (London: Modern Humanities Research Association, 2013).

Vancouver/Uniform

Patrias K. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling DL, technical editor. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 - [updated 2011 Sep 15; cited 2015 Aug 3]. Available from: www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine

Further help

A search on Google Advanced and limiting to ac.uk domain sites will provide a wealth of Higher Education sites in the UK offering examples and advice.

The Library also has books on referencing and citing, with some style manuals. Check our holdings in Primo at: http://primo.abdn.ac.uk

Abbreviations of journal titles

If you are using a referencing style that requires abbreviated journal titles, the following sites and resources may help you to locate the correct abbreviation:

Journal Citation Reports (a database within Web of Science): https://jcr.incites.thomsonreuters.com/ Journal Abbreviation Sources (All That JAS): www.abbreviations.com/jas.php

Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations: www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/

Useful web sites

APA www.apastyle.org/ Chicago

Although not described in this hand-out, this style is popular in some of the Arts & Humanities:

www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html Harvard www.citethisforme.com/guides/harvard-cite-them-right

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Advice

Remember to check your course handbook and/or your supervisor for advice on the citation style required for your assignments. Information Consultants can also provide assistance (but won’t necessarily know the specific style for your course):

For IT queries regarding access to Primo and other electronic resources - contact the IT Service Desk: Tel: (01224) 273636 (this number also connects you to the Out-of-Hours Service);

Email: [email protected]

For advice on searching Primo and other resources please speak to the Subject Floor staff or contact the Information Consultant for your subject area:

Arts & Humanities Janet MacKay

[email protected] Tel:(01224) 272572

Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry Mel Bickerton

[email protected] Tel:(01224) 437876 Education, Music & Social Sciences

Claire Molloy

[email protected] Tel:(01224) 274813

Law & Business Studies Elaine Shallcross

[email protected] Tel:(01224) 273848 Life and Physical Sciences & Engineering

Susan McCourt [email protected] Tel:(01224) 273287 General support Ewan Grant [email protected] Tel:(01224) 272587

Further information

There are software packages that are useful for formatting bibliographies/reference lists, eg RefWorks, Mendeley, Zotero. The Information Consultants provide support for RefWorks.

Further information about RefWorks is at:

www.abdn.ac.uk/library/learning-and-teaching/for-students/refworks/

All of our library guides are available at: www.abdn.ac.uk/library/support/guides/ QG GEN008 Introduction to copyright – quick guide