International Creative Economies
Monitoring developments
Economic Term: Culture Industry
"Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass
Deception" is a chapter in Theodor Adorno and
Max Horkheimer's book "Dialectic of
Enlightenment" which discusses their notion of
the "culture industry”, published in 1947.
After the times
In the times
In the times
Radio and TV
In the times
Computer
Economic Term: Culture Industry
"Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass
Deception" is a chapter in Theodor Adorno and
Max Horkheimer's book "Dialectic of
Enlightenment" which discusses their notion of
the "culture industry”, published in 1947.
> Focus: economic values of art and cultural
> Profit: economic value becomes the guiding
motif of creative work
> Shift of consciousness: the beholder becomes
the user / consumer
Economic Term: Culture Industry
In the times
Knowledgeable societies
1966: Robert E. Lane, an American sociologist, coins the term “knowledgeable society”
In the times
Knowledgeable societies 2000: Founding of Wikipedia
Economic Term: Culture Industries
The term was (re-)coined in the 1990s with the
aim of (re-)defining the economic relevance and
value of arts and culture
In the times
In the times
Participation: New Social Movements
The term new social movements (NSMs) is a theory of social movement that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy) which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional social movement.[
In the times
New Social Movements: Alternative kindergardens and schools
The term new social movements (NSMs) is a theory of social movement that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy) which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional social movement.[
In the times
New Social Movements: Sociocultural centers
The term new social movements (NSMs) is a theory of social movement that attempts to explain the plethora of new movements that have come up in various western societies roughly since the mid-1960s (i.e. in a post-industrial economy) which are claimed to depart significantly from the conventional social movement.[
In the times
In the times
Digitalizatiion + Connectivity
Economic Term: Creative Industries
EU Creative Economies: Contemporaneity
Characteristics of production of intellectual properties - trend linked / trend setting
- theme / problem / project centered - process and product orientated - inter- / trans-disciplinary
- knowledge based
- with high affinity to new technologies - linked and networked
EU Creative Economies: Autonomy
Characteristics of production of intellectual properties - specified skills, structures and systems
- specified links and networks for research, production, public, sales - guiding motifs: idea and impulse, innovation and change
EU Creative Economies: Savvy
Characteristics of producers of intellectual properties - highly motivated
- highly skilled
- research-orientated
- investment and risk taking - persistent
- dedicated and identified with the idea / concept / project - sparking change
EU Creative Economies: Value Adding
Characteristics of creative economies
- adaption of what is existing and established
- new co-operations and new forms of co-operation - new products and new services
- new business models and new markets - new ethics
- sustainability / future responsibility
EU Creative Economies: Ecology of Culture
Characteristics of creative economies’ impact - dynamic relationship between
- non-commercial and commercial sectors - public and private sectors
- community and commercial sectors - societal and independent sectors - flow of
- people and talent - skills and knowledge - ideas and visions
HK Creative Economies: Evaluation
Characteristics of creative economies’ impact: 5 Cs - economic capital
> f.ex. economic contribution, working population, patents - structural capital
> f.ex. infrastructure, legal system, freedom of expression - human capital
> f.ex. qualifications, availability of knowledge, mobility, research and development
- social capital
> f.ex. community’s share, civic engagement, solidarity, volunteer work, inclusion, human rights, self expression - cultural capital
> f.ex. public and corporate resources committed to arts and culture, measures of cultural norms and values placed on creativity, extent and level of political and cultural
HK Creative Economies: Outcomes
Characteristics of creative economies’ impact: 5 Cs - economic capital
- structural capital - human capital - social capital - cultural capital
Hong Kong Home Affairs Bureau: A Study On Creativity Index, conducted by Center for Cultural Policy Research of The University Of Hongkong, Hongkong 2005 URL http://www.uis.unesco.org/culture/documents/hui.pdf23.8.2012
UK Creative Economies
“Our aim must be to create a nation where the creative talents of all the people are used to build a true enterprise economy for the twenty-first century – where we compete on brains, not brawn
DE Creative Economies
“cultural and creative industries are a harbinger for the increasingly knowledge-based economy
Prognos AG (Dr. Olaf Arndt Kathleen Freitag Florian Knetsch Fabian Sakowski Rada Nimmrichter) and Fraunhofer ISI (Dr. Simone Kimpeler Dr. Sven Wydra Dr. Elisabeth Baier) on behalf of the DE Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology: The cultural and creative industries in the macroeconomic
DE Creative Economies
“the cultural and creative industries act as a driver of innovation for other sectors as well and contribute to making the economy as a whole more competitive
Prognos AG (Dr. Olaf Arndt Kathleen Freitag Florian Knetsch Fabian Sakowski Rada Nimmrichter) and Fraunhofer ISI (Dr. Simone Kimpeler Dr. Sven Wydra Dr. Elisabeth Baier) on behalf of the DE Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology: The cultural and creative industries in the macroeconomic
DE Creative Economies
“the cultural and creative industry … is … ranked as one of the country’s most important economic fields alongside sectors like automobile manufacturing, mechanical engineering and the information and communication
technologies
Prognos AG (Dr. Olaf Arndt Kathleen Freitag Florian Knetsch Fabian Sakowski Rada Nimmrichter) and Fraunhofer ISI (Dr. Simone Kimpeler Dr. Sven Wydra Dr. Elisabeth Baier) on behalf of the DE Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology: The cultural and creative industries in the macroeconomic
EU Creative Economies
Since the 1990s, mapping and monitoring of the creative industries
Umsätze der wichtigsten Industriebranchen in Deutschland 2013
Umsätze der wichtigsten Industriebranchen in Deutschland im Jahr 2013 (in Milliarden Euro)
Quelle: Statistisches Bundesamt; VCI; ID 241480
Hinweis: Deutschland; 2013 364,44 222,82 190,57 175,23 151,21 98,55 96,6 93,72 57,57 37,35 11,33 1.737,57 Kraftfahrzeugbau Maschinenbau Chemisch-pharmazeutische Industrie Ernährung Elektrotechnik
Metallerzeugung und -bearbeitung
Bauhauptgewerbe
Mineralölverarbeitung
Kunststoffindustrie
Papierindustrie
Textilgewerbe
Verarbeitendes Gewerbe insgesamt
Umsätze in Milliarden Euro
Weitere Angaben zu dieser Statistik, sowie Erläuterungen zu Fußnoten, sind auf Seite 8zu finden.
Culture and Creative Industries: 145,3 Billion Euros (2013)
1.000 € 1.000 € 9.201.000.000 €1.000 € 1.000 € 7.724.000.000 € 1.000 € 1.000 € 1.000 € 1.000 € 1.000 € Not yet monitored 1.000 €
DE Creative Economies
Initiative Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft der Bundesregierung: Monitoring zu ausgewählten wirtschaftlichen Eckdaten der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft 2013. URL http://www.kultur-kreativ-wirtschaft.de/KuK/Navigation/Mediathek/publikationen,did=666730.html 17.2.2015
1.000 € 1.000 € 9.201.000.000 1.000 € € 1.000 € 7.724.000.000 1.000 € € 1.000 € 1.000 € 1.000 € 1.000 €Not yet monitored1.000 € 1.000 € 1.000 €
UK Creative Economies
Initiative Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft der Bundesregierung: Monitoring zu ausgewählten wirtschaftlichen Eckdaten der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft 2013. URL http://www.kultur-kreativ-wirtschaft.de/KuK/Navigation/Mediathek/publikationen,did=666730.html 17.2.2015
Economic Terms: Value Added
“the difference between the costs and the
turnover
EU Creative Economies
In 2011, the core creative industries in the 27 countries of the European Union generated €558 billion in value added to GDP
Tera Consultants, Laurent Benzoni: The economic contribution of the creative industries to the European GDP and employment, Evolution 2008 – 2011, Avignon 2014, Page 3.
URL http://www.teraconsultants.fr/en/issues/The-Economic-Contribution-of-the-Creative-Industries-to-EU-in-GDP-and-Employment3.5.2015
Economic Terms: Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
“the value added of all final goods and services
produced within a nation in a given year
2.413.000.000 € 9.285.000.000 € 9.201.000.000 € 4.122.000.000 € 7.416.000.000 € 7.724.000.000 € 18.931.000.000 € 31.466.000.000 € 13.908.000.000 € 31.545.000.000 € 24.890.000.000 €
Not yet monitored
1.659.000.000 €
DE Creative Economies
Total Turnovers (2013): 145.285 Million €
Initiative Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft der Bundesregierung: Monitoring zu ausgewählten wirtschaftlichen Eckdaten der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft 2013. URL http://www.kultur-kreativ-wirtschaft.de/KuK/Navigation/Mediathek/publikationen,did=666730.html 17.2.2015
EU Creative Economies
In 2011, the creative industries represent approximately 8.3 million full time equivalent jobs
Tera Consultants, Laurent Benzoni: The economic contribution of the creative industries to the European GDP and employment, Evolution 2008 – 2011, Avignon 2014, Page 3.
URL http://www.teraconsultants.fr/en/issues/The-Economic-Contribution-of-the-Creative-Industries-to-EU-in-GDP-and-Employment3.5.2015
DE Creative Economies
In 2013, in the 1.038.601 paid jobs
Initiative Culture and Creative Industrie of the DE Federal Government: The Sector, 2015
URL http://www.kultur-kreativ-wirtschaft.de/KuK/Navigation/kultur-kreativwirtschaft,did=329926.html28.4.2015
DE Creative Economies
26% of the turnovers are generated by small businesses
Initiative Culture and Creative Industrie of the DE Federal Government: The Sector, 2015
URL http://www.kultur-kreativ-wirtschaft.de/KuK/Navigation/kultur-kreativwirtschaft,did=329926.html28.4.2015
97% of the working population of the creative industries are
small businesses and freelancers with a sales volume
UNESCO
”There is an urgent need to find new development pathways that encourage creativity and innovation in the pursuit of inclusive, equitable and sustainable growth and development.
….
UNESCO: Creative Economy Report, Widening Local Development Pathways, Special Edition, 2013 URL http://www.unesco.org/culture/pdf/creative-economy-report-2013-en.pdf28.4.2015
International Creative Economies
Monitoring developments
