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Effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease

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Figure	 1.2	 Basal	 ganglia-thalamocortical	 circuits.	 Each	 circuit	 engages	 specific	 regions	 of	 the	 cerebral	 cortex,	 striatum,	 pallidum,	 substantia	 nigra	 and	 thalamus.	 From	 Alexander,	 et	 al.(1986).	 Annu	 Rev	 Neurosci,	9,	357-381.
Figure	 1.3).	 Inputs	 from	 the	 cortex	 do	 not	 only	 enter	 the	 basal	 ganglia	 through	 the	 striatum	 but	 the	 STN	 also	 receives	 direct	 cortical	 inputs,	 which	 are	 forwarded	 to	 the	 output	nuclei	and	cause	tonic	inhibition.	Cortical	connec
Table	1.6	Acute	effects	of 	 subthalamic	nucleus	(STN)	stimulation	on	tasks	involving	inhibition	or	action	restraint.
Table	1.7	Acute	effects	of 	 subthalamic	nucleus	(STN)	stimulation	on	decision-making.
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