• No results found

Legislative background to the Private Water Supplies Regulations 2009 Section 9(E&W) of the Private Water Supplies: Technical Manual

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Legislative background to the Private Water Supplies Regulations 2009 Section 9(E&W) of the Private Water Supplies: Technical Manual"

Copied!
116
0
0

Loading.... (view fulltext now)

Full text

(1)

Legislative background

to the Private Water

Supplies Regulations

2009

Section 9(E&W)

of the Private Water Supplies: Technical

Manual

(2)
(3)

3

Section 9(E)

Legislative background – England and Wales

Section contents

Foreword

Document status

9(E).1 Summary

9(E).1.1 The main changes

9(E).1.2 The role of the Drinking Water Inspectorate

9(E).2 Guidance on the Private Water Supplies Regulations in England and Wales

9(E).2.1 Introduction

Meaning of local authority

9(E).2.2 Part I – Water Standards

9(E).2.2.1 Regulation 1 – Citation, application and commencement 9(E).2.2.2 Regulation 2 – Scope (waters covered by the Regulations)

Scope

Waters covered by the Regulations 9(E).2.2.3 Regulation 3 – Exemptions

9(E).2.2.4 Regulation 4 – Wholesomeness

9(E).2.2.5 Regulation 5 – Use of products and substances in private supplies 9(E).2.2.6 Regulation 6 – Requirement to carry out a risk assessment

9(E).2.3 Part 2 – Monitoring

9(E).2.3.1 Regulation 7 – Monitoring

9(E).2.3.2 Regulation 8 – Further distribution of supplies from water undertakers or licensed water suppliers

9(E).2.3.3 Regulation 9 – Large supplies and supplies to commercial or public premises

Check monitoring

Table 1: Circumstances for check monitoring for specified parameters

Table 2: Check monitoring frequencies Audit monitoring

Table 3: Examples of criteria for exclusion from audit monitoring

Table 4: Audit monitoring frequencies Supplies in bottles or containers

Table 5: Minimum frequencies for water put into bottles or containers

9(E).2.3.4 Regulation 10 – Other private supplies 9(E).2.3.5 Regulation 11 – Sampling and analysis

Sampling (compliance) points

(4)

4 Requirements on sampling

Requirements for analysis of samples On-site analysis

9(E).2.3.6 Regulation 12 – Maintenance of records 9(E).2.3.7 Regulation 13 – Notification of information

9(E).2.4 Part 3 Action in the event of failure and Part 4 Notice procedure

9(E).2.4.1 Introduction

Figure 1: Action in the event of failure Meaning of ‘relevant person’

Notification to the DWI and the EPA

9(E).2.4.2 Regulation 14 – Provision of information (to consumers) 9(E).2.4.3 Regulation 15 – Investigation

9(E).2.4.4 Regulation 16 – Procedure following investigation (remedial action) Insufficiency of private water supplies

Methods for improvement of private water supplies 9(E).2.4.5 Regulation 17 – Authorisation of different standards 9(E).2.4.6 Regulation 18 – Notice procedure

9(E).2.4.7 Regulation 19 – Appeals 9(E).2.4.8 Regulation 20 – Penalties

9(E).2.5 Part 5 – Miscellaneous 9(E).2.5.1 Regulation 21 – Fees

Table 6: Maximum fees 9(E).2.5.2 Regulation 22 – Revocation

9(E).2.6 Miscellaneous matters

9(E).2.6.1 Powers of entry

9(E).2.6.2 Drinking water fountains

9(E).2.6.3 Ministry of Defence establishments with private water supplies

9(E).2.6.4 Local authority funding for improvement works to private water supplies 9(E).2.6.5 The changing lead standard in the Regulations

9(E) Annex 1 Standards of wholesomeness

9(E) Annex 2 Prescribed methods of analysis for microbiological parameters

9(E) Annex 3 Prescribed performance characteristics (trueness, precision and limit of detection)

9(E) Annex 4 Model Regulation 18 Notices and Accompanying Notes

9(E) Annex 5 Link for contact details for the Health Protection Units in England and Wales

(5)

5

Foreword

T his docume nt g i ves the leg is lat i ve b ack g round f or the reg ulation of private water sup pl ie s in En g land an d W ales (under the Pr i vate W ater Supp l ies Reg ul atio ns 20 09 f or Eng lan d and th e Pri vat e W ater Supp li es (W ales) Reg ul atio ns 20 10). It wi ll be i nserte d into the Priv ate W ater Suppl ie s: Techn ic al Man ua l ( www.pr i vate waters upp li es.g o v.uk ) in secti o n 9(E & W ) ‘Leg i sl ati ve back g round ’. T he T echnic al Man ua l is th e UK ’s g uid ance

document to as si st prof essiona ls in reg ul ating and ma inta in in g privat e water supp l ies.

As this docume nt co ver s Eng la nd a nd W ale s, the term ’ Min is ter‘ is u sed to ref er to the Secretary of State in Eng la nd and W elsh Min isters in W ales.

T his docume nt was r evis ed f oll o wing a f our week consu ltat ion perio d, (25 Januar y to 22 Fe bru ary 2 010) . H o we ver, it wil l co ntin ue to be ‘l i ving g uidanc e’, wh ich me ans it is des ig ned to be use d and c ommented on b y prof ession als reg u lat ing pri vate water s up pl ies, to a ll o w g ood practic e and examp les to be adde d in the f uture. T his document wi l l be p u bl ish ed b y the Drink i ng W ater Inspectorate (DW I) and is sued to the re le vant reg ulators.

An y f urther amendm ent or add iti on to th i s g uidanc e wi ll b e p ubl is hed o n the on the DW I webs ite ( ww w. d wi.g o v.uk ) and can be pr inte d of f by loc a l

author itie s to add in to in the ir pa per vers ion. H o we ver, p leas e note that an y pri nted versi on of this g uidanc e wil l be an u ncontro l led d ocument . For the current vers io n, ple ase ref er to the D W I webs ite at www.d wi.g o v.uk .

(6)

6

Document status

T his docume nt was f irst produ ced o n 25 Januar y 201 0. An y f uture upd ates wi l l be rec orded o n this p ag e.

Vers ion 2 was u pdat ed as part of the con sultat ion end ing on 2 2 Febru ar y 2010 a nd pu bl is hed i n Apri l 2 010 o n www .d wi.g o v.uk ,

ww w. pri vate watersu ppl ie s.g ov.uk and h a rd copi es were sent t o loc al author itie s and Hea lt h Protect ion Un its in Eng lan d and W ales.

T his docume nt (versi on 3) was upd ated i n October 2010 a nd is publ is hed o n ww w. d wi.g o v.uk . At the prese nt time vers ion 2 rema in s in th e Pri vate W ater Supp l ies T ech nic al Man ua l on ww w. pri vate waters upp l ies.g o v.uk . Loca l author itie s and Hea lt h Protect ion Un its in Eng lan d and W ales can up date the hard co pi es whic h were se nt in Apr il 2010 b y pri nting the rele vant pag es.

T he updates inc lu de the f ollo wi ng sectio n ;

Secti on 2.5.1. 1 and 2.5.1.2 (Fees. See D W I Inf ormation l etter 08/201 0) Secti on 2.2.2. 11 an d 2.2.2.16 ( Cl ass if ication of work plac es where water is use d f or domestic purpos es)

(7)

7

9(E& W).1 Summary

1.1 T he main reas on f or ne w leg is lat ion is th e req uirement to

transpos e, imp lemen t and enf orce the U K ’s ob l ig ation s und er the revis ed Eur ope an U n ion Dir ecti ve 98/8 3/E C1 (the Direct i ve) on the q ual it y of water i ntende d f or human consumpt ion (dr ink ing water). T his D irect i ve f undamental l y u pd ated the pre vio us

Dire cti ve 80/77 8/E E C2 to tak e account of medic al, sc ie ntif ic a nd techno log ic al ad va nc es and la ys do wn pr escri bed sta ndard s o n the q ual it y of water i ntende d f or human consumpt ion. T he

Dire cti ve sets stan d ards and id entif ies o ther q ualit y me asure s f or drink ing water th at a re g eneral l y in l in e with the W orld Hea lth Org anisatio n’ s (W HO) Guidel in es f or Dri nk ing W ater Qualit y, pub li shed in 2 0043.

1.2 T he Direct i ve c o vers both pub l ic water su ppl ie s and pr i vat e water supp l ies. T he D irecti ve was tran spos ed a nd imp leme nted i n

Eng lan d f or the purposes of publ ic water supp l ies b y th e W ater Supp l y (W ater Quality) R eg ulat ion s 200 0 (SI 2000/3 184) as amende d b y the W ater Supp l y (W ater Qual it y) (Amendme nt) Reg ul atio ns 20 01 (SI 2001/2 885), 20 02 ( SI 2002/2 469), 2 005 (SI 2005/2 035) a nd 20 0 7 (SI 2007/2 734). S i milar reg u lati ons a p pl y in W ales.

1.3 T he Direct i ve is tran spose d, imp lemente d and e nf orced in re spect of private w ater sup plies in Eng la nd thr oug h the Pri vate W ater Supp l ies Reg ul atio n s 2009 wh ich came i nto eff ect on 1 Janu ary 2010 a nd in W ales throug h the Pr i vate W ater Suppl ies (W ales) Reg ul atio ns 20 10 wh ich cam e into f orce o n 4 Febru ar y 20 10 (the Reg ul atio ns). T hese reg ulati ons were ma de main l y u nder p o wers in S ecti ons 6 7, 73(3) , 73(4) and 21 3(2) of the W ater Industry Act 1991 (the 1991 Act) and i n resp ect of Part 4 under po wers in Secti on 2(2) of the E uropea n Commun it ie s Act 197 2.

1.4 T he W HO Guide li nes f or Drink ing W ater Qual it y 200 4 attach g reater emphasi s on proacti ve measur es, rather than carr ying out inf req uent monitor in g f or larg e numbers of parameters in dri n k ing water sup pl ie s. T hese measures inc lu de i dentif ying pote ntia l ha zards and the r isk of those hazards oc curring , and meas ur es to pre vent or co ntrol th ose risk s. WHO des cribes this pr oce ss of risk ass essme nt as a ‘w ater safet y pla n’ .

1.5 A water saf et y pl an cons iders th e risk s to a source of a drink ing water sup pl y, th e treatment f acilit ies, th e distri but ion

1

Official Journal L330, 5 December 1998, p32. 2

Official Journal L229, 30 August 1980, p11. 3

Guidelines for Drinking-water quality, Third Edition, Volume 1, Recommendations, World Health Organisation, Geneva, 2004.

(8)

8

inf rastructure in cl ud i ng pipes, res er vo irs or tank s, and the intern al p ip e work wi thin prem ise s, and m easures to pre ve nt or control c ontam inat io n f rom ’catchment to tap‘. One of the k ey eleme nts of a water saf ety pl an is the i de ntif icati on of the ha zards and the r isk s assoc iate d with th ose ha zards. T his

eleme nt is d escr ibed as a ’risk a sse ssm ent‘ and it is inc lu de d in

the Re gulation s bec ause it can as sist th e UK to comp l y with its obl ig atio ns un der th e Dir ecti ve.

1.6 Artic le 1 of the Dir ec ti ve states th at ‘T he obj ecti ve of thi s Dire ctiv e sha l l be to protect human h ea lt h from the adverse effects of any co nta minat ion of w ater i ntende d for human consumpt ion by ens urin g that it i s w hol e some a nd c le an‘. T hi s means that the inf ormal appr oach of the pre vi ous Pr i vate W ater Supp l ies Reg ul atio n s 1991, whi ch s impl y encourag ed ‘re le van t persons ’ to ma inta in and impr o ve su pp li e s , is no long er suf f icient – alth oug h lo ca l auth orit i es cou l d use the enf orcement po wers under S ecti on 80 of the 199 1 Act to ser ve notice s on re le vant persons to impro ve the sup pl ies, th ere was no req uireme nt to do so. The R egul ations theref ore req uire f ormal act ion to b e tak en to ensure that pr i vat e water su pp li es me et the standar ds an d other req uirements o f the Direct i ve b y re q uiring lo ca l author it ies to ser ve n otices u n der Se ction 80 of th e 1991 Ac t if inf ormal neg otiat ions wit h rel evant pers ons f ai l to secure impr o vement s . W here a pri vate wat er supp l y i s cons id er ed to be a p otential dang er to huma n h ealth, the l oca l auth orit y i s und er a dut y to ser ve a not ice under regulation 1 8 of th e Reg ulations to re q uire the supp l y to b e pro hibited or its use r e stricted an d for the suppl y to be impro ved (i nstea d of a notice u nder S ecti on 80 ). 1.7 T he Direct i ve a pp l ie s to al l pri vate water supp li es pro vid ing

10m3/d a y or more (s erving 50 or more p e rsons) and to al l pr i vate water sup pl ie s, irres pecti ve of their si ze, that are part of a

commercia l or pu bl ic acti vit y (such a s be d and bre ak f ast

estab li shments). T he se are ref erred to as ‘large s upplie s’ in t his g uidanc e. T he Dir ect i ve a l lo ws Member S tates to e xempt f rom their reg ul atio ns pr i vate water su pp li es pr ovi di ng less tha n 10m3/d a y (ser ving le ss than 50 p erson s), provid ed that the y a re not part of a commercia l or pu bl ic a cti vit y. T hese are ref erred to as ‘small s upplies’ i n this g ui danc e. The Regulatio ns a ppl y the Directi ve’s r equire ments to thes e sma ll supplies (ex cept supplie s to single d w ellings) beca use t he peo ple co nsumi ng w ater and food pre pared from w ater derived from the se s mall supplie s are entitle d to the same le vel of health prot ection as people ser ved b y la rge pri vate sup plies and p ublic w ater supplie s.

(9)

9

9(E).1.1 The main changes

1.1.1 T he Reg ulat ion s pl a ce a dut y on loc al au thorit ies to carr y ou t a risk ass essme nt w ithin five year s and t o monitor regul arl y all large su pplies in ac cordanc e with sp ecif ied f req uenci es to

determin e comp li anc e with th e stand ards . T here are two t ypes of monitor ing f or larg e supp l ies – ‘ch eck m onitoring’ whic h is carrie d out rel ati vel y freq uentl y f or a f ew ver y importa nt parameters an d ‘aud it monitoring’ wh ich is carri ed out less f req uentl y f or the remain ing parameters. Loca l auth orit ies ca n omit parameters f rom ‘aud it mon itori ng ’ f or particular su pp li e s if the y can d emonstrat e b y risk assessme nt and resu lts of previ ous monitor ing that thos e parameters are un l ik el y to be prese nt or present at co ncentra tions we ll b e lo w th e standard s. T he

Reg ul atio ns p lace a dut y on loca l a uthor i ties to carr y out a ri sk asse ssment a nd mo nitor all small supp lies w ithin five ye ar s

(except su pp li es to s ing le d we l li ng s) and subs equ entl y to ke ep the risk as sessm en t under re vi ew and up to date. T he

monitor ing is f or a li mited numb er of ver y important p aramet ers and oth er parameter s ide ntif ied b y th e ri sk assessment. User s of a supp l y to a s ing l e d we l li ng can ask the loca l aut horit y to c a rry out a risk assessme nt and/or mon itori ng and, if they do so, th e loc al a uthor it y must compl y wit h the req uest .

1.1.2 Al l pr i vate water sup pl ies, larg e and sma l l, are req uire d to meet the standar ds i n the Reg ul atio ns. W hen the monit oring carr ie d out b y a l oca l auth or it y detects a failure to meet a stand ard, the loc al a uthor it y must carr y out a n in ve stigation to det ermine the caus e of the f ailur e and, unle ss it is trivial a nd unlik el y to recur, then e nsur e that appr opriate a ction is tak en to remed y the caus e so that th e standar d is met. If the loc al author it y cannot s ecure a ctio n by th e respo ns ib le p erson b y inform al negotiatio n and an authoris ation ha s n ot been g ranted, it must ser ve a notic e un de r Section 8 0 of the 1991 Ac t on that p er son as the rel e va nt pers on. If the cause of the f ailure is du e so le l y to the cond it ion of pip e work with in a pr i vat e d we l li ng , the loca l author it y must off er appropr iate ad vice t o the o wner/occ up ier s on an y measur es ne ede d to protect the ir he alth a nd it ma y issu e a notic e und er Sect ion 80 of the 1991 Act i f necessary.

1.1.3 If, f ollo wi ng risk assessment or mon itori n g , the local author it y cons iders, that a pri vate su ppl y is a p otential dan ger to hu man health, it must tak e appropr iate st eps to ensure th at peop le l i k ely to consume the wate r are warne d and g i ven ad vice to a l lo w th em to minim ise a n y suc h dang er. T he loca l a uthorit y s hou ld c ons i der an y ad vic e g i ven b y the loc al Hea lth Prot ectio n Un it (HP U) on

(10)

10

these matters. Furth ermore, when an y pr i vate water su pp l y is a

potential da nger to human h ealth, the l oca l author it y i s req uired to ser ve a notice on th e rele vant pers on un der

regulation 18 of the Reg ulat ion s in stead of under Sectio n 80 of the 199 1 Act , pro vid ed the ser ving of the notice wi l l not ca us e a g reater dang er to human hea lth than not ser vi ng it . T his notic e must prohibit or res trict the use of the suppl y and must sp ecif y the other act ion th at is ne ede d to prot ect human he alt h, such as impro vement s to th e suppl y. T he loca l author it y must inf orm consumers of the not ice a nd pro vid e them with a n y nec essar y ad vice whi ch cou ld b e to restrict the us e of the water , f or examp le to bo i l wate r used f or drink ing and f ood p reparat ion becau se of a f ailure of a microbio log ic al parameter or not to use the water f or drink in g , f ood preparati on a nd cook ing bec ause of a serio us f ail ure of some chemic al p arame ters. Such ad vi ce i s a temporar y measure pend ing the comp let i on of improvements t o the supp l y.

1.1.4 An y re le va nt perso n (o wner, us er or othe r person resp ons ib le f or a pri vat e sup pl y) ma y a pp l y to the l oca l a uthorit y f or an

authoris ation (ca l le d a derog ati on i n the Direct i ve) – th at is permiss io n to cont in ue sup pl ying wat er to a lo wer (more re la xe d) standard on a tempo rary b as is wh i le rem edi al a ctio n is tak en. A loc al a uthor it y can o nl y g rant an aut hor is ation if the supp l y cannot b e mai ntai ne d b y other rea sona bl e means an d the

author isat ion d oes n ot cause a p otent ia l dang er to human h e alth. T heref ore authorisat i ons are n ot a va il ab le f or microbi ol og ica l parameters, as f ail ur es to meet the stand ards f or these

parameters co ul d po se an immed iat e dan g er to human hea lth. 1.1.5 Person s auth oris ed by a lo ca l auth orit y ha ve the pow er to enter

an y premis es un der Secti on 84( 3) of the 1991 A ct to ensure t hat the pro visi ons of the Reg ulat ion s are co mpli ed with. A uthor is ed persons ma y c arr y o ut insp ecti ons, meas urements or tests on the premise s or of any a rticl es f ound on the premise s or tak e a way sampl es of water or an y artic le s.

1.1.6 A loc al author it y ma y n o w c harg e a rel e va nt perso n (or pers ons) respons ib l e f or a privat e water s upp l y a f ee up to a s pecified maximum f or carryin g out a risk assessment (inc lu di ng the co st of auditing a risk ass essment carr ied o ut, or commissi one d, b y the rele vant per son), carrying out an in ve stig ation into a f ailur e and g ranting an a uth orisat io n as we l l as f or carrying out

monitor ing (sampl ing and an al ysis). T he c harg e the loc al author it y ma y mak e is the reaso nab le co s t of provid ing the spec if ied ser vice. A l oca l author it y i s not al lo wed to ch arg e f or ser vi ng a notice und er Secti on 8 0 of the 1991 Act or a not ice

(11)

11

under reg ul ati on 18 of the Reg ulati ons . Ho we ver, if the loc al author it y dec id es to tak e remedia l ac ti on itse lf to improve a pri vate s upp l y (b eca use f or examp le the rele vant pers on ha d not tak en action), the lo cal a uthor it y can rec over the costs of taking that actio n f rom the rele vant pers on.

1.1.7 Loca l auth orit ies ar e req uired to enfor ce complianc e with the standard s and ot her req uirements of the Reg ul atio ns.

9(E).1.2 The role of the Drinking Water Inspectorate

1.2.1 T he role of the Ch ief Inspector of Drink in g W ater and her

Inspectors in the Dri nk ing W ater Inspect orate (DW I) in respe ct of pri vate water su pp li e s is def ine d i n Sect i on 86 of the 1991 Ac t as amende d b y the W ater Act 200 3. DWI act s on be half of the Minister by e xerc is i ng pow ers under se ctions 77 an d 80 to 82 of the 199 1 Act.

1.2.2 Secti on 7 7 req uires each loca l a uthor it y to k eep itse lf inf ormed about the who les om eness of e ver y pr i vat e water su pp l y i n its area. Eac h l oca l aut horit y ac hi e ves th is by c arr yi ng out its d uties of risk assessment, monitor ing (sampl ing and an al ysis) a nd enf orcement of the standards req u ired b y the Reg ul atio ns. T he Reg ul atio ns req uire each loca l a uthor it y to pro vi de to the

Minister (in pract ice DW I) with re le vant i nf ormation abo ut ea ch pri vate s upp l y a nd its q ualit y s o that DW I in its a nnu al re port can pro vi de an in dep end ent ass essme nt an d commentar y on

pri vate water su pp li e s and the ir q ual it y i n Eng lan d and in W ales. It also en ab les DW I to report on the q ua li ty of specif ie d pri vat e water sup pl ie s to the Europe an C ommiss i on (current l y thos e supp l ies of more than 1,000m3/da y or s erving more than 5,0 0 0 peop le).

1.2.3 Secti on 7 7 al so req uires a loca l a uthor it y or loca l aut horit ies g eneral l y to comp l y with a n y D irect io n is sued b y th e Min ister s (in practic e DW I) in rela tion to a n y of the requireme nts pl aced on loc al a uthor itie s b y t he 199 1 Act or the R eg ulati ons.

1.2.4 T he Reg ulat ion s no w req uire a lo ca l auth orit y, wh en it f inds t hat a pri vat e water s upp l y is not who les ome (f ails to meet the

standard s and ot her q ualit y req u irements in the R eg ulat io ns) and is not a p otent ia l da ng er to human hea lt h , to serve a not ice under Secti on 8 0 of the 1991 Act req uir ing a re le vant perso n

respons ib l e f or the pri vate su pp l y to carr y o ut spec if ied step s to impro ve th e sup pl y s o that it bec omes wh ole some. T his dut y shou ld o nl y be e xerc ise d f ormall y if the l oca l author it y ha s be en unab le to s ecure the necess ar y impro ve ments throug h inf ormal

(12)

12

neg otiat ions or throu g h a condit io n attach ed to an aut hori sati o n of a diff erent standard. Secti on 81 of the 1991 A ct al lo ws a rele vant pers on to o bj ect to the conte nts of a notice. If the lo cal author it y can not per suade th e rel e va nt person to withdr a w th e obj ecti on, it must se nd the not ice a nd th e represe ntati ons to the Mi ni ster (in pr actic e DW I). DW I wi ll d eter mine whether th e not ice shou ld b e conf irm ed with or wit hout mod if icat ion.

1.2.5 DW I Inspectors pro vi de ad vi ce an d guid ance to lo cal authorities o n the s cie ntif ic and te chn ic al as pects of the

Reg ul atio ns. Mu ch o f this ad vice and g ui dance is co nta ine d i n th e Pri vate W ater Supp li es: T echnic al Ma nua l. Ho we ver, a loc al

author it y req uir ing addit ion al ad vice or g uid ance s hou ld c ont act DW I by e-mai l at d wi .enq uiri es@ def ra.g si.g ov.uk or by te lep h one on 030 0068 640 0.

(13)

13

9(E).2 Guidance on the Private Water Supplies Regulations in

England and in Wales

9(E).2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 T he pri vate water su ppl ie s reg ulat ions f or Eng land and W ales are substant ia l l y the sa me, with the e xcept i on of Reg ulati ons 4 and 5, f or whic h sep arat e g uidan ce i s pro vid ed. T his sect ion of the g uidanc e is inte nde d to be read a long s id e the te xt of the

Reg ul atio ns. It cann ot be take n as an a uthoritati ve

interpretation of the Reg ulations as th at is for the courts. How ever, the guid a nce repr ese nts the best a vailable

technic al know ledge and follow ing it will ensure co nsiste n c y of applicatio n of th e Reg ulations b y lo cal authoritie s. T he Reg ul atio ns rep lac e the 199 1 Reg u lati on s. T he W ater Industry Act 199 1 (the 199 1 Act ) remain s the pri mary p iec e of leg isl a tion reg arding pri vate wa ter supp li es i n Eng l a nd and W ales.

Meaning of loc al au thority

2.1.2 T he Reg ulat ion s are impl emente d and e nf orced b y loc al

author itie s, but the Reg ul atio ns do n ot d ef ine loc al author iti e s , becau se the y ar e def ine d und er the W ater Industr y Act 19 91, i n Secti on 2 19, as:

‘Th e cou nci l of a d ist rict or of a Lon don b orough or the Comm on Coun ci l of the City o f Londo n (but in re la tion to W ales th is m eans the coun ci l of a C ou nty or Cou nty borou g h). ’

2.1.3 A loc al author it y co u ld a lso inc lu de, f or exam pl e, a Port He alt h Author it y, wh ere e ith er the loc al author it y is respo ns ib le f or the Port Hea lth f uncti on s or a Port He alth A uthorit y e xists, pr o vi ded that the Port He alt h f unctions ha ve be en assig ne d und er the rele vant Act. T his w oul d on l y ap pl y wh en water f rom a water undertak er or l ice ns ed water s upp l ier is f urther d istribute d to var io us bu i ld ing s within th e port throug h a pri vat e di strib utio n net work (see Se ctio n 9(E).2.2.2).

(14)

14

9(E).2.2 Part I – Water Standards

9(E).2.2.1 Regulation 1 – Citation, application and commencement

Eng lan d

2.2.1.1 T hese reg ulat ions m ay be c ited as th e Pr i vate W ater Suppl ies Reg ul atio ns 20 09. T he y ap pl y in Eng la nd and came into f orce on 1 Janu ar y 201 0.

W ales

2.2.1.2 T hese reg ulat ions m ay be c ited as th e Pr i vate W ater Suppl ies (W ales) Reg ulat io ns 2010. T he y ap pl y in W ales and came into f orce on 4 Februar y 2010.

9(E).2.2.2 Regulation 2 – Scope (waters covered by the Regulations)

Scop e

2.2.2.1 T he Reg ulat ion s app l y to pri vate water s upp li es where the w ater is i ntend ed f or human consumpt io n. T he Reg ul atio ns def ine w ater inten ded f or human consumpt ion as:

a. al l w ater eith er in its orig ina l state or afte r treatment, intend ed for drink ing, c ook ing , food preparat io n or other domest ic

purpos es, regard le ss of its orig in and w h ether it i s sup pl ie d from a distrib uti on n etw ork, from a tanker, or in bott l es or conta iners; a nd

b. al l w ater used in a ny food-prod ucti on un d ertakin g for the manufacture, pro ces sin g, preservat io n or marketing of products or s ubstan c es inte nde d for hum an cons umpti on.

2.2.2.2 In normal c ircumstan ces, a pri vate water supp l y wi ll be pro vid ed throug h a distr ibut io n net work to the pre mises a nd the water supp l ied must meet t he stand ards an d ot her req uirements of the Reg ul atio ns. In an e merg ency (f or exam ple whe n there is a q ualit y f ai lure or a pr obl em wit h the sourc e or a f ailure of treatment or a poten tia l dang er to human healt h), it ma y be necess ar y to sup pl y water f rom tank ers or in bottl es or other conta iners s uch as c artons. T he water in the tank ers must als o meet the req uiremen ts of the Reg ulatio ns . Local author iti es ar e ad vised to d e ve lo p p ol ic ies a nd proc edur es on ho w to de al wi th this s ituat ion of insuf f icienc y of water , wh ether due to emerg e nc y or pla nne d impro vement work s, bef ore it arise s lo ca l author it i es

(15)

15

are recommend ed to dra w on th e resourc es and e xpert ise of their loc al water un dertak er to ensure that a lt ernati ve sup pl ie s b y tank ers compl y with the req uirements. T h ere are a lso pr i vate compan ies wh ich ca n pro vi de a n alt ernat i ve who les ome water supp l y. A S ecti on 80 notice und er the W ater Industr y Act 19 91 ser ved o n the re le va nt person c an req uir e a suff icie nt supp l y. If a notic e is n ot comp li e d with, th e lo ca l auth orit y has a po wer un der Secti on 8 2 of the W ater Industr y Act 19 91 , to tak e any steps spec if ied i n the not ic e and rec o ver an y r e asona bl e e xp ens es inc urred.

2.2.2.3 An y water in bottl es or other conta in ers that is f or sale or so l d is control l ed b y the Nat ural Mi nera l W ater, Spri ng W ater and Bottled Drink i ng W ater (Eng land) Reg u lat ions 20 074 (see exempti ons i n 9(E).2.2.3) an d is n o t control led b y the 2 009 R eg ulat ion s.

Ho we ver, if the pri va te water sup pl y is u s ed in th e bottl ing f ood premise s f or domestic purpos es, l ik e the staff canteen, drink i ng , wash ing han ds etc, or as part of the manuf acture processe s a nd proced ures, suc h as cle an ing of the f ood contact surf aces or machi ner y i n conta ct with f ood, t he wat er wou ld ha ve to be

who les ome and c ompl y with th e Reg u lati ons. It is l ik el y th at most water sup pl ie d i n bot tles an d conta i ners i nstead of a normal pri vate s upp l y in a n emerg ency wi l l ha ve been b oug ht. If, ho we ver, water in b o ttles or cont ai ners i s supp li ed i nstea d of a pri vate s upp l y (d ue t o ins uff icien c y) and t hat water is not

control l ed b y the 2 0 07 Reg u lati ons b eca use it h as not be en f or sal e or sol d, then it i s control le d b y the 2 009 R eg ulat ion s. 2.2.2.4 W ater used f or human consumpt io n is b a sica l l y water use d f or

the normal domestic purpos es of drink in g , cook ing , f ood preparat ion and p ers ona l was h ing ( such as was hi ng hands a n d sho weri ng ).

2.2.2.5 T he use of private water supp l ies in pre mises where f ood is manuf actured or pro cessed c ou ld inc lud e the use of wat er f or the f ollo wing act i vit ies (t he l ist is i ll ustrati ve and i s not e xh aust i ve) :

• wash ing of crops/f oodstuff s (particul arl y wash ing of ready to eat items suc h as sa lad cro ps or f ruit veg etabl es whic h are particu l arl y vul nerab le to co ntamin ati on from poor q ual it y water);

• dair y f arms;

• inc orporat ion into f ood as an ing red ient ( inc lu di ng drink s or water use d i n a bre w ery);

4

(16)

16

• cle an ing of f ood producti on eq ui pment, u tensi ls , wal ls, f loor, cei l ing s and work surf aces;

• product ion of ice; an d

• hand wash ing b y f ood hand lers.

2.2.2.6 E xamp les of water u sed so le l y f or wa sh i ng crops that cou ld aff ect the f itness are (this l ist is i ll ustrati ve and is not e xhau sti ve):

• wash ing of salad cro ps (such as lettuc e, water cress a nd spring on ion s) that a re eaten u ncook ed; and

• wash ing of f ruit (such as eat ing app les, p ears and pl ums) that are eaten ra w.

For other e xemptio n s f rom the Reg ulat io ns see se ctio n 9(E).2.2.3.

Waters cov ered by the Re gulation s

2.2.2.7 T he Reg ulat ion s do not def ine ‘pri vate water supp l ies ’. T he y are def ined in S ecti on 9 3 of the 1991 Act . Lo cal a uthor itie s sho ul d cons ider that the Re g ulatio ns ap pl y t o al l supp li es that are n o t supp l ied b y:

• a water un dertak er a ppo inted under Cha p ter 1 of Part II of the 1991 Act;

• a l icen sed water sup pl ier l ic ense d und er Chapt er 1A of Part II of the 1991 Act; or

• the Cou nc il of the Isl es of Scil l y.

2.2.2.8 T heref ore a private water sup pl y is a n y supp l y of water that is not pro vi ded b y a statut ory water un dertak er (inc lud ing the Co un c i l of the Isles of Scil l y) or a lic ens ed water su ppl ier (b ut see the

except ion s f or private distr ibut ion net work s in parag raphs 2.2.2.19 to 2.2.2. 2 3 and bott led water i n Secti on 9( E) 2.2.3). 2.2.2.9 Premis es i n wh ich f ood is pr oduc ed inc lu de hote ls, restaur ant s

and caf es, and s imi l ar estab lis hments, b ed and break f ast estab li shments a nd f aci l itie s in wh ich f oo d is manuf actured or process ed. T hese ar e al l con si dered to b e commercia l prem is es. 2.2.2.10 Pri vate water s upp l i es var y i n si ze f rom those that pro vid e water

to one prem ises (a s ing le d we l li ng or sin g le commercia l/p ub li c estab li shment) to th ose that pro vid e wat er to se vera l hu ndre d premise s. T he Reg ul ation s ref er to ‘larg e supp li es an d sup pl i es

(17)

17

to commercia l an d p ubl ic pr emise s’ a nd t hese are ref erred to in this g uid anc e as ‘l ar ge sup plies’ an d ar e def ined a s:

• an y pri vate water su ppl y th at pro vide s 10 m3/da y or more (or supp l ies 50 perso ns or more) ;

• an y pri vate water su ppl y th at supp l ies w ater to premise s wh e re the water is use d f or a commercia l act i vity irresp ecti ve of the vo l ume of water pro v ide d or the numb er o f persons supp li ed; and

• an y pri vate water su ppl y th at supp l ies w ater to pub li c premis es irresp ecti ve of the volume of water pro vi ded or the n umber of persons s upp l ied.

2.2.2.11 Some e xamp le s of pri vate water sup pl ie s where the water is u sed f or a commercial activit y i nc lud e the f oll o wing (this l ist is

il lu strati ve and is not exhaust i ve) :

• hotel s, g uest house s , restaurants, caf es and be d and break f ast (B&B) establ ishme nts in cl ud ing sing le pr i vat e d we l li ng s where B&B is a va i lab le;

• hol id a y l et accommo datio n;

• cara van s ites, c amp sites a nd s imi lar f aci lit ies, wheth er seaso na l or ope n a ll ye ar ;

• temporar y site s, suc h as sho w g rounds a nd f estival s ;

• al l f ood product io n u ndertak ing s e xce pt for those stat ed in E(2)2.2.3; an d

2.2.2.12 Some e xamp le s of pri vate water sup pl ie s to publ ic pr emise s inc lu de the f oll o wing (this l ist i s i ll ustrati ve and is not

exhau sti ve):

• nurser y, i nf ant, j unio r, primary and se con dar y scho ol s,

col leg es, un i vers it ie s and s imi lar ed ucat i ona l estab l ishme nts;

• nursi ng homes, medi cal c l in ics, hos pita ls and s imi lar estab li shments;

• vi ll ag e hal ls, ch urch hal ls, li brari es an d si milar e stab li shments ; and

• restaurants, caf es a nd sim il ar estab l ish ments.

2.2.2.13 A sing l e d wel l ing on a pri vat e water s upp l y wh ich is use d f or chi ldm ind ing wil l be reg istered with the l oca l author it y Fo od

(18)

18

Saf ety T eam. T he lo cal a uthor it y can a ss ess the prem ises to dec ide if the dwel l in g is a commercia l pr emises. If parents are charg ed a f ee f or childmi nd ing , then th e d we l li ng is a commer cia l premise s and th e pri vat e sup pl y is req uir ed to meet the

req uirements of the Reg ul atio ns. Ho we ver, where a s ing l e d we l li ng is use d f or chi ldm ind ing purp os es on a no n -f ee pa yi ng bas is (an ag reement bet wee n a g roup of parents), an d the l oc al author it y susp ects th at the supp l y is a po tentia l da ng er to hu man hea lth, it i s ad vise d that ad vice is so ug ht f rom the loca l H PU a nd when nece ssar y the supp l y is in vest ig ated and act io n tak en under reg ulati on 18.

2.2.2.14 Some of the large pr i vate water su pp li es ser ve d we ll ing s (houses, f lats etc) where the water is on l y us ed f or domestic purpos es an d are no t part of any commercia l or pu bl ic a cti vit y. T hese rang e f rom suppl ie s to smal l ham l ets, to vil lag es a nd pri vate estates. S ome of the large pri vat e water su pp li es ser ve both d wel l ing s wh ere the water i s used on l y f or domestic

purpos es an d premis es wher e the water i s used f or commerci al acti viti es or pu bl ic a cti vitie s (f or examp le a vil l ag e with a pub l ic house).

2.2.2.15 T he Reg ulat ion s al s o ref er to ‘other pri vate sup plies’ and th ese are ref erred to in thi s g uidanc e as ‘small supplies’ a nd are def ined as:

• an y pri vate water su ppl y th at pro vide s le ss than 10m3/da y (or supp l ies less tha n 5 0 person s) wher e th e supp l y is on l y us e d f or domestic purpos e s (there is n o comme rcia l or pub l ic acti vit y) .

2.2.2.16 T hese small pri vate water sup pl ie s wil l in clu de:

• an y pri vate su pp l y th at pro vi des less th an 10m3/d a y (or ser ve less than 50 per son s) to two or more d wel li ng s; and

• an y pri vate su pp l y th at pro vi des water to one or more

d we l li ng /premises w hic h is a pr emis e wh ere empl o yee s come to work and the wat e r is on l y use d f or domestic purp oses . T hi s does n ot inc lu de su p pl ies where th e prem ises ar e Pu bl ic

Bui l di ng (as expl ai ne d in 2.2. 2.12) or wh e re the d we l l ing /s conta ins p erip ateti c work ers, based o n th e Hea lth a nd Saf et y E xecut i ve ( HS E) def init ion.

2.2.2.17 T he Reg ulat ion s do not def ine ‘single d w elling’. A pri vate s upp l y to a sing l e d wel l ing i s one where the wat er is sup pl i ed onl y f or domestic p urpo ses (water use d f or cooking , drink ing , f ood

(19)

19

preparat ion and was hing ) and where th e water i s not use d f or an y commercia l act i vit y (such as b ed an d bre akf ast). Some exam ple s of sing le d we l l ing s i ncl ude the f ol lo wi ng (this l ist is i l lustrat i ve and i s not e xh aust i ve):

• a hous e (detach ed, s emi-deta ched, terrac ed);

• a bung al o w/c ha let (d etache d, semi-d etac hed);

• f lats/apartments; an d

• a cara va n.

2.2.2.18 W here a pri vate su p pl y pro vi des water , for examp le, to t wo

d we l li ng s where the water i s on l y use d f or domestic p urpos es and to a third d we ll ing where be d and br eak fast is a vai la bl e, that pri vate s upp l y is cat eg orised a s a large suppl y f or the purpo ses of the Reg ulati ons.

2.2.2.19 T he Reg ulat ion s al s o ref er to ‘Further d istribution of su ppl ies from w ater undertakers or licen sed w ater supplier s’. This is a special c ase w here w ater derived originall y fr om a public suppl y b y a stat uto r y w ater undertaker or licensed w ater supplier s ubs equ en tl y be come s a pri va te w ater suppl y und er the Re gulation s. T hese pri vate water su ppl ie s occur when th e undertak er or l ice ns ed sup pl ier pro vi des a water su pp l y to the boun dar y of the premises, to an o wn er/manag er or other pe rson respons ib l e f or the premises. T his water i s then d istrib uted throug h a pri vate d is tribut ion n et work to bui ld ing s/prop ertie s on the site. W hen the bui ld ing /propert ies su ppl ie d are not o wn ed or occup ie d b y the sam e compan y/ org anis ation/p erson (s uch as domesti c d we l l ing s) , this is a pri vate d ist ribut ion s ystem. T he loc al a uthor it y is req uire d to carr y out a r isk assessme nt on th e distr ibut ion n et work , inc lud ing pi pes, stor ag e tank s, stand pip es, etc wh ich j o ins the b ui ld ing /propert ies o w ned b y the s ite to th ose o wne d or occ up ied b y a nother c ompan y, org anisat ion or pers on. In this do cument th is type of private wate r suppl y is c al le d a ‘pri vat e distributio n s ystem’.

2.2.2.20 Each loc al a uthor it y needs to id entif y a l l the pri vate d istrib uti on systems in its area. Some of these wil l b e ob vious and a lre ad y k nown to the l oca l a uthorit y, b ut others may b e more dif f icult to ide ntif y. For e xamp l e cara va n site (h ol id ay or permane nt site s) are pri vate d istrib uti on s ystem s. T he o wner of the site pro vid es a water sup pl y t o the resi dent s. T he res ide nts pa y f or this in th eir site f ees to the o wne r of the site, not the water un dertak er. T he onl y perso n here wh o is the water un dert ak er’s customer is th e cara van s ite o wn er.

(20)

20

2.2.2.21 T he loca l aut horit y s hou ld l ia is e with stat utory water u ndertak ers and an y l ice nsed wat er supp l iers that su p pl y water with in its area, bec ause th e y wi l l be a bl e to he lp with id entif ying site s where th e y sup pl y w ater to the bou ndar y and the water i s f urther distr ibute d to other b ui ld ing s and h ous ing units with in th e site. Ho we ver, t here is a g roup currentl y work ing wit h DW I and the water un dertak ers whic h is re vie wi ng wh at inf ormation water undertak ers store a n d ho w th is ca n he lp l oca l author iti es to ide ntif y pr i vate distr i butio n s ystems. T his g uidanc e wil l be

pub li shed on the DW I we bs ite ( www.d wi.g ov. uk ) in spri ng 201 0. 2.2.2.22 T o help statutor y wa ter undertak ers and an y l ic ense d water

supp l iers i dent if y pr i vat e di strib utio n s yst ems with in its area, loc al a uthor itie s are ad vised to e stab li sh a l ist of the premise s wh ich are pr esumed to be pri vate d istri bu tion s yst ems. For examp le, l ists of caravan s ites, l arg e mul tip le purp ose u ni vers it y sites or h osp ita ls, et c.

2.2.2.23 Ad vice o n risk asses sment f or private dis tribut ion s yst ems ca n be seen in S ecti ons 2.3 .2.4 and 2.3.2.5. Ho we ver, DW I wi ll als o be pro vi di ng f urther advice a nd a ri sk asses sment g uide, whic h wi l l be pub l ish ed on th e DW I webs ite ( www. d wi.g o v.uk ) in ear l y 2 011. 2.2.2.24 Dis cuss io ns with the statutory water un d ertak ers and an y

li cens ed water sup pl iers to i dent if y pr i vat e distr ibut ion s ystem s is usef ul as th is can e s tabl ish where a di stri butio n net work has been a ccepte d b y th e water un dertak er a s their resp ons ib i lit y, f or examp le a co unc il h ous ing estate or a pr i vate h ous ing

assoc iat ion e state. T he und ertak ers shou l d be ab le to pro vi de distr ibut ion n et work maps sho wi ng the sit es and pr emise s

supp l ied (an d b il l ing li sts) wh ich c an be c ompared with or dna n ce sur ve y maps s ho win g the locati on of all sites a nd prem ises. Sometime s the wat er undertak er wi l l pro vide a ‘b ulk supp l y’, for examp le to an ind ust ria l site or estate an d the water is then

f urther distribute d b y the o wn er/manag er of the site to the vari ous units with in th e sit e or estate – thi s is a l so a pri vate d istri but ion net work . T his shou ld enab le s ites/estat es and premi ses su pp li ed either b y pri vate water supp l ies or pr i vat e distr ibut ion net work s to be id ent if ied. T he lo cal a uthor it y wil l ne e d to conf irm with the o wner s, manag ers or occup iers of the ide ntif ied s ites that ther e is a pri vat e di strib utio n net work and en sure the y und erstand th ei r dutie s und er the Reg ulat ion s.

2.2.2.25 E xamp les of private distribution n etw orks in cl ude th e f ollo w ing (this l ist is i l lustrat i ve and is not e xhaust i ve):

• cara van and c amp si tes where th e water i s distr ibute d to ind i vid ua l cara vans/ campi ng plots or a n umber of points (suc h

(21)

21

as stand pi pes) wher e consumers c an co l lect water in conta iners;

• mil itar y esta bl is hme nts where th e water i s distr ibute d to off ices, work shops, domesti c d we l l ing s (house s/f lats etc) and other bu il di ng s f or domestic p urpos es e ven if they ar e not o wne d b y the e stab li shments;

• col leg e an d un i vers it y camp uses wher e water is d istri buted to other bu il di ng s not o ccup ied b y t he un i ve rsit y; hosp ita l s ites where water is d istri buted to mu ltip le b u i ld ing s or other

bui ld ing s not oc cup i ed b y the h osp ita l; shopp ing centres whe re the water is d istrib ut ed to the sho pp ing o utlets; an d

admin istrat ion of f ices and other b ui l di ng s f or domestic purpos es;

• airp orts/ports/train s tations wher e water i s distr ibute d to var io us bu i ld ing s within th e transport s ite f or domestic purpos es; and

• pri vate or pub l ica l l y o wne d estate s wh ere water i s di strib ute d to other bu il di ng s (f or examp l e the Nat io n al T rust), inc lud ing domesti c d we l l ing s.

2.2.2.26 T hese reg ulat ions do not app l y to the f oll o wing situat ion s wh e re the water is sup pl ie d to the boun dar y of the premi ses b y a statutor y water u nde rtak er or a licen sed water sup pl ier a nd is distr ibute d throug h a domestic d istr ibut io n system wit hi n the premise s. T he Reg ul ation s do n ot app l y t o these s ituat ions becau se the y ar e co ver ed b y th e W ater Supp l y (W ater Fittin g s) Reg ul atio ns 19 995 (this l ist is i l lustrat i ve a nd is n ot e xha usti ve) :

• blo ck s of reside ntia l f lats/apartments wh e ther o wn er occu pi ed or tenante d;

• house s with i nd i vi du al f lats, such a s mai sonettes;

• house s that ha ve multi pl e occu panc y;

• a ro w of two or more houses (u sua l l y a te rrace) supp l ied b y a water un dertak er f rom a sing le ‘common ’ supp l y p ipe;

• a ne w b ui ld ing or co nvers ion (f or examp l e a barn) on a n exist ing site where t he water n ot supp l ie d f rom the f arm house, b ut throug h a n ind i vid ua l sup pl y p ipe d ire ct f rom the water mai n; and

5

(22)

22

commercia l bu i ld ing s , such as of f ice bloc k s, with or with out a staff canteen etc (be cause th e water is s upp li ed to a s ing le bui ld ing – if there is more than on e bu il di ng on the site, the o wner sh ip of the dist ribut ion n et work , the occup iers of the other bu il di ng s and who the y pa y the ir water bi l ls to, wi l l determin e wh ether t his is a pr i vate d istr i butio n net work ) . 2.2.2.27 In these s ituati ons t he in di vi dua l ho us in g and other un its are

supp l ied with water direct l y f rom the wat er undertak er’s or

li cens ed water sup pl ier ’s mai n. T he poor q ualit y a nd co nd iti on of pip e work and f itting s with in th e premis e s can af f ect the main s water sup pl y if there is no b ack siph onag e protecti on bet wee n the bui ld ing and th e mai ns water su pp l y, con seq uentl y th e mai ns water sup pl y can b e come contam inate d. Ho we ver, throug h a compl ai nt or a sampl e, the contam inat ion of the mains water supp l y wou ld be id en tif ied. T he water un d ertak er or lice nsed water sup pl ier wou ld in vest ig ate thi s, usi ng their po wers un de r the W ater Suppl y (W ater Fit ti ng s) Reg ula tions 1 999. T he wate r undertak er or l ice ns ed water s upp l ier, as the person s respo ns ib le f or enf orcing the W ater Supp l y (W ater Fitting s) Reg ulat io ns 1 999 wou ld a d vise the o w ner of the ind i vi dua l hous ing or other un it s what remed ia l work s (to the pipe work an d/or the f itting s) are req uired to pre vent the main s sup pl y bec oming contami nate d ag ain.

9(E).2.2.3 Regulation 3 – Exemptions

2.2.3.1 T he f ollo wing waters are e xempt f rom the Reg ulat ion s – that i s the y are not co ntrol l ed b y the Reg ulat io n s :

a) w ater control led by the Natur al Minera l W ater, Spring W ater and B ottle d Dri nk ing W ater (England) Re gul atio ns 20 07( 6);or the Natura l Mi nera l W ater, Spring W ater and B ottle d Dri nk ing W ater (W ales) Regu l ation s 200 7;

b) w ater that is a med ic ina l pro duct; or

c) w ater used so le ly for w ashing a crop afte r it has be en harveste d and th at d oes not affect the f itness for huma n consumpt ion of the c rop or of any foo d or drink d eriv ed from the crop.

2.2.3.2 Al l t ypes of bottled water that are f or sal e are e xc lud ed f rom the Reg ul atio ns bec aus e the q ualit y of these waters is contro l led by the abo ve 200 7 Reg ulat ion s. Ho we ver, where wat er in b ottle s or conta iners is su pp li e d inste ad of a pri vat e supp l y (f or examp l e

6

(23)

23

where a s upp l y is i n suff icient a nd an a lt ernati ve sup pl y is pro vi ded), that water is not co ntrol le d b y the 200 7 Reg u lati on s becau se it h as not b een f or sale or so ld. Instead, it is contro l l ed by th e 200 9 Reg u lat i ons. If a private wat er supp l y i s use d at a bottl ing pla nt to f ill b ottles a nd i s al so us ed to supp l y ot her premise s, the bottl e d water i s co ver ed b y the 2007 Reg ul ati o ns and the su pp l y to th e other premi ses is c overed b y t he Pr i vat e W ater Suppl ies Reg ulat ion s.

2.2.3.3 W ater that is a medi cin al pr oduct is wat e r that is reg ulate d b y the Med ic in es Act 19 68( 7).

2.2.3.4 Bef ore exempti ng any pr i vate water su pp l ies that ar e used s ol el y f or wash ing crops, th e loc al a uthor it y mus t be satisf ied w ith appro priate e vi den ce from the food pr oduc er that the q ual it y of water do es not af fect eith er dire ctl y, or ind irect l y, the f itnes s of the crop or an y f ood or drink prepare d f rom the crop f or human consumpt ion.This ex emption sp ecificall y a pplies cr ops w hich can be categ orised as a plant. T he l oca l authorit y s hou ld

consu lt the F ood St a ndards Ag enc y an d DW I bef ore mak ing any exempti ons. E xampl es of water us ed so l el y f or wash ing crop s that ma y not af f ect the f itness of the crop inc lu de the f ol lo wi ng (this l ist is i l lustrat i ve and is not e xhaust i ve) :

• wash ing of barle y pr i or to mak ing wh isk y – and o nl y wher e the water i s used prior t o the di sti ll ati on pro cess. If the water i s adde d af ter disti ll ati on this ma y aff ect the q ualit y of the f inal product a nd it ther efore shou ld be mon ito red as a l arg e supp l y/commerc ia l p remises);

• wash ing and tr immin g of veg etabl es, af ter they h a ve b een har veste d; and

• a f arm where the wat er is on l y us ed f or the reari ng of live stoc k and i s not use d f or normal dome stic p urp oses.

2.2.3.5 W here water is us ed sole l y f or wash ing crops that cou ld af f ect the f itness of the crop the proce ss is c ate g orised un der the F o od Reg ul atio ns (E C) No . 852/200 4 as sec on dar y prod ucti on. T hi s states that pota bl e water is req uire d wh e ne ver ne cess ar y to ensure th at f oodstuffs are not contam inat ed [Ref Anne x II,

Chapt er VII, 1(a)]. The term potab le wate r in Foo d Leg is lat io n is eq ui va lent to who les ome water un der the se water R eg ulat io ns . E xamp les of when w hol esome (pot ab le) water i s req uired wh en water i s used s ol el y f or wash ing crops th at could affe ct the

7

(24)

24

f itness are as f oll o ws (this l ist is i l lustrat i ve a nd i s not exhau sti ve) :

• wash ing of salad cro ps (such as lettuc e, water cress a nd spring on ion s) that a re eaten u ncook ed;

• wash ing of f ruit (such as eat ing app les, p ears and pl ums) that are eaten ra w;

• wash ing of veg etab l es f or peeli ng and s l ic ing ; and

• wash ing and bag g in g of salad crop s.

2.2.3.6 W ater wh ich is use d f or cleani ng purpose s and comes into contact with f ood, is req uired to comp l y with the W ater

Reg ul atio ns an d the Food Reg ul atio ns (E C) No. 85 2/200 4 An n ex I, Sectio n I, 4(d). Example s of these situ ation s are as f ol lo ws (this l ist is i l lustrat i ve and is not e xhaust i ve):

• wash ing of f ood cont act surf aces (eq uipm ent, storag e conta iners, ute ns ils, hands) ; a nd

• wash ing of udders a nd teats pr ior to mi lk ing .

9(E).2.2.4 Regulation 4 – Wholesomeness

2.2.4.1 T he Reg ulat ion s def i ne w holesomene ss b y r efere nce to standar ds a nd oth e r requirement s. W ater is who lesome if all the f ollo wi ng cond iti ons are met:

a) it does not conta in a ny microor gan ism, p arasite or substa nce , alo ne or i n con ju ncti on w ith any other su bstance, at a

conce ntratio n or va l ue that w oul d const it ute a potent ia l da ng er to human he alth;

b) it comp li es w ith the conce ntratio ns or va l ues spe cif ied in Part 1 of Sche du le 1[ to th e Reg ul atio ns]; and

c) in the w ater:

1

3

(mg/l)

nitrite

50

(mg/l)

nitrate

+

2.2.4.2 For water d istr ibute d throug h a distr ibut io n net work these

standard s and ot her req uirements of who l esomene ss ap pl y at the poi nt wher e the wate r is norma ll y used f or human cons umpti o n (consumers ’ taps). H o we ver, there are t wo parameters where req uirements a lso a p pl y to the water lea vi ng treatment work s (if there is a work s) . For nitrite a sta ndar d o f 0.5mg /l appl ies at consumers ’ taps and a standard of 0.1mg /l app l ies to the wate r lea vi ng treatment wo rk s. For turbidit y a st andard of 4NT U appl ies at consumers ’ taps a nd an ind icat or para meter va lu e o f 1NT U

(25)

25

app li es to the water lea vi ng treatment wo rk s (treatment work s cou ld i nc lude one or more of the f ollo wi ng processe s – b len di n g , coag ulat io n and f loc cul atio n, clar if icat ion , settlement,

sed imentati on, aer ation a nd o xid ati on, f il tration, i on e xchang e, membranes, d is inf ection) , but on l y in the case of a work s treating surf ace water or g round water inf lu ence d by s urf ace water.

2.2.4.3 T he cond itio n that th e water do es not co n stitute a pot enti al

dang er to human h e alth is a catc h-al l wh ich embr aces org an i sms and su bstanc es, and an y chara cterist ics of water that are n ot parameters with a st andard (c once ntrati o ns and val ues) i n Pa rt 1 of Schedu le 1 to the Reg ul atio ns. It also catches ind ic ator

parameters (con cent rations, val ues or st ates) in Part 2 of Sche du le 1 to the Re g ulatio ns (see parag raph 2.2.4.6). For

examp le the p aras ite s, Cryptosp orid i um and Giard ia, d o not h ave a standar d in th e Re g ulatio ns, but the Re g ulatio ns req uire th a t Cryptos pori di um and Giardi a must not be present i n

conce ntratio ns that c onst itut e a pote ntia l dang er to human hea lth. Loc al a uthor i ties are req u ired to c arry o ut a risk

assessme nt of ever y pri vate s upp l y a nd o ne of the hazards th at shou ld b e cons id ere d is the r isk from parasites s uch a s

Cryptos pori di um and Giardi a. Other e xam ple s are ch lor ite, chl orate, mol ybde nu m and tolu ene. If there is a ri sk that any of these or other s ubst ances ar e prese nt in a particu lar pr i vat e supp l y, the loca l a uthorit y sh ou ld mon ito r f or that substance and use the latest vers io n of the W HO Guidel ine s f or Drink ing W ater Qual it y (re vi sed o n a roll ing bas is)8 to determine, in con su ltati on with th e lo ca l HP U, wheth er there i s a p otenti al d ang er to hu man hea lth.

2.2.4.4 T here are separ ate s tandards f or nitrate and n itrite of 50mg /l and 0.5mg /l respecti ve l y that app l y at con sum ers’ taps. But wh en nitrate a nd n itrite oc cur tog ether, as the y of ten do wh en a s ou rce is cont amin ated or when ch loram inat io n (use of chlor ine/s od iu m hypoc hl orite a nd am monia/ammo ni um co mpound to f orm a

resid ua l d isi nf ectant in the f orm of monochlor amin e) is us ed, i t is necess ar y to ha ve a stricter comb ine d sta ndard to prote ct hum an hea lth. T his strict er standard is repr esen ted b y the f ormula

sho wn at parag raph 2.2.4.1. T here is a ls o a separ ate stand ar d f or nitrit e of 0.1mg /l wh i ch app l ies to the wat er lea vi ng treatment work s – this ap pl ie s to al l sup pl ies wher e there is a treatment work s

8

www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/gdwq3rev/en/

(26)

26

2.2.4.5 T he parameters an d their stan dards (ma ximum conc entrati ons or va l ues) an d un its of measurement in P art 1 of Schedul e 1 to the Reg ul atio ns are repr oduce d i n An ne x 1.

2.2.4.6 T he Reg ulat ion s al s o inc lu de ma ximum (and on e min imum)

conce ntratio ns, va lu es and state s f or ind icator p arameters. T hese are not part of the def initi on of who leso me water. Indi cator

parameters i nd icate if there is a pote ntia l p robl em wit h the su ppl y wh ich ne eds in vestig ating . If there is a f ail ure to meet an

ind ic ator parameter conce ntratio n, va lue or state, the loc al author it y must cons i der whet her the c irc umstances of the f ail ure (inc lud ing the e xte nt and durat io n of the f ailu re) are a p otent i al dang er to human h e alth. T he l oca l auth o rit y carri es out th is cons iderat io n in c on sultat ion wit h the l oc al H PU. It is a ls o

ad visab le to c onsu lt DW I to ensure cons i stenc y of approac h a nd to benef it f rom the exp eri ence of many si milar d ec isi ons mad e b y statutor y water u nde rtak ers, licens ed wat er supp l iers an d DW I in relat ion to p ub li c wat er supp l ies. If it is ag reed that there is a potent ia l dang er to h uman hea lth, be caus e the water is

un wh o lesome b y virt ue of the catch-al l i n the def init ion of a who les ome water , th en the l oca l auth orit y is req uire d to ens u re that a rele vant pers o n respon si bl e f or the f ailing sup pl y tak es actio n to remo ve the potenti al dang er to human he alt h.

2.2.4.7 If water is su pp li ed i n bottle s and c onta in ers inste ad of , or to supp lement, a pr i vat e water su pp l y, and i t is not contro l led u n der the Natura l Mi nera l W ater, Spring W ater and B ottle d Dri nk ing W ater (Eng land) Reg ulat ion s 200 7 (or the Natura l Min eral W ater, Spri ng W ater and Bottled Dr ink ing W ater (W ales) Reg ulat io ns 2007), the water has to meet the who les o meness req uir ement s f or chemical p aramet ers descr ibe d abo ve and some t ig hter an d add itio na l req uireme nts f or microbio log ic al par ameters. T hes e are tig hter standar ds f or E.coli, and Enter ococc i, stand ards f or col on y co unts (i nste ad of indi cator par a meter va lu es) and a n add itio na l stan dard f or Pseu domon as aer ug inosa. L oca l author itie s sho ul d no te that Pseu domon a s aerug ino sa i s on l y monitore d in bottl ed waters – it is n ot monitore d in distr ibut ed pri vate water su pp li e s or pub lic water su p pl ies.

2.2.4.8 T he ind icator p aram eter conce ntrati ons, va l ues an d states (descri pti ons instea d of numbers) and un i ts of measurement in P art 2 of Schedu l e 1 to the Reg u lati on s are reprod uced in Anne x 1.

9(E).2.2.5 Regulation 5(4Bin the Welsh Regulations) – Use of

products and substances in private supplies

(27)

27

2.2.5.1 T he Reg ulat ion s req uire that ‘A n y prod uc t or substanc e used i n a pri vate s upp l y af ter the comi ng into f orce of these Reg ulati on s must be permitted to be used in a water s upp l y un der reg ulat i on 31 of the W ater Suppl y (W ater Qual ity) Reg ul atio ns 20 009.’

2.2.5.2 T his means that the Reg ul atio ns req uire t hat the sub stan ces (f or examp le chem ica ls u sed i n water treatme nt, such as co ag ula n ts and d is inf ectants) an d the materials (f or examp le the tank s a nd pip e work at treatment work s and i n the d istri buti on net work ) used in pr i vate water supp li es f or the preparati on an d d istrib u tion of water f or human consumpt ion af ter 1 Januar y 2 010 mu st

satisf y the a ppro priate requirem ents of regulation 3 1 of the W ater Suppl y (W ater Qualit y) Reg ul atio n s 200010. T his inc lu de s an y ne w i nsta ll atio ns and repa ir/rep lac ement of exi sting

insta l lat ions (treatm ent proces ses a nd d i stribut ion n et work s) made af ter

1 Janu ar y 201 0. Reg ulat ion 31 ess ent ia ll y req uir es that the substan ce or materi a l:

has to co nf orm to an appropr iate h armon i sed stan dard or Europ ean tec hn ica l appro val; or

has to co nf orm to an appropr iate Brit ish Stand ard or some other nat ion al sta nd ard of an EEA St ate wh ich pro vi des an eq ui va lent le vel of protectio n and p erf ormance; or

has be en ap pro ve d by th e Min isterto b e app li ed or i ntrodu ce d and it is ap pl ie d or i ntroduce d i n accor da nce with co nd itio ns attachi ng to that app roval; or

• is to the sat isf action of the Min ister is eit her al one or in combi nati on with a n y other substa nce or materia l un l ik el y to ad verse l y af f ect the q ualit y of the water supp l ied.

2.2.5.3 Reg ul atio n 5 do es n ot app l y to structure or products or mater i al insta l led pr ior to 1 J anuar y 2 010. F or e xample, man y e xi stin g spring chamb ers and reser vo irs are not c onstructed of material wh ich wou ld comp l y with th is reg ul ati on. It is not e xpe cted th at these ne ed rep la ci ng . Ho we ver, if the reservoir or s pring cha mber needs ne w pi pe work or repair to a cra ck in the wa lls ( wit h

cement and waterpr o of lini ng /seal ant) , an y mater ia l use d to repa ir this must com pl y with th is reg ul ati on. T hese types of products ar e read i l y ava il ab le bec aus e th ey are f req uentl y us ed by water u ndertak ers and are k no wn to co mpl y with th is

reg ulati on. If necessary you ca n seek f urther ad vice f rom you r

9

S. I. 2000/3184 as last amended by S. I. 2007/2734.

10

(28)

28

water compa n y or th e W ater Reg ulatio ns Ad visor y S er vice (W RAS) (http://www. wr as.co.uk /D irector y/ ) (see parag raph 2.2.5.9) or DW I. W here impro vements work s are req uired to a supp l y, the loca l a uthorit y are ad vise d mak e it clear in a n oti ce that an y materi al us e in the se impr o vem ents must compl y wit h this reg ul atio n. W here impro vement work s are req uired to a supp l y, the loca l a uthorit y is ad vis ed to mak e it clear, i n a n otice to the rele vant pers o n, that an y prod uct o r substanc e use d in t he impro veme nt work s must compl y with th e se reg ulat ions .

2.2.5.4 T he Min ister ma y a p pl y su ch co nd itio ns as are con si dered necess ar y to an y of the abo ve req uireme nts (f or exampl e a maximum dos e of a treatment chemi ca l or the circumsta nces i n wh ich a mater ia l of constructi on ma y b e u sed). T he DW I acts on beha lf of the Min iste r f or these f unctions. A comprehe ns i ve lis t of substances an d materia ls that s atisf y t hese req uir ements c an be f ound on t he DW I webs ite11 and thi s l ist is reg ular l y k ept up-to-date.

2.2.5.5 T he reasons f or these req uirements are:

• to mak e sure that any ch emic al s (or impu ritie s or const itue nts of the chemica ls) us ed in water treatmen t or in the d istri buti o n net work do not rema i n in the water in con centrati ons that wou ld bre ach a st an dard i n the R eg ulat io ns or caus e a potent ia l dang er to h uman hea lth; an d

• to mak e sure that any mater ia ls use d i n the constru ctio n of water treatment p lan ts and eq ui pment an d in the c onstruct ion of distribut ion n et wo rk s (includ ing ser vic e reser vo irs an d tank s) do not supp ort microbi ol og ica l g rowt h or le ach

constit uents into the water that wo ul d br each a sta ndard in t he Reg ul atio ns or cau s e a potent ia l da ng er to human he alth. 2.2.5.6 T he manuf acturer or supp l ier of the chemi cal or mater ia l sho ul d

demonstrate to the l oca l author it y or the rele vant pers on

respons ib l e f or the pri vate su pp l y that th e chemi ca l or materi al conf orms to the abo ve req uirements.

2.2.5.7 If, as part of an inve stig ation or remedi al work s, it is susp ect ed that a product h as b een us ed whic h doe s not satisf y the

req uirement of reg ulation 31, the l oca l a uthorit y s hou ld a sse ss wheth er there i s a p otenti al d ang er to hu man hea lth. For

examp le, b y a ll o wing a product to be use d wh ich d oes n ot satisf y the req uirement of reg ulati on 3 1, bacter i al g ro wth co ul d be

encour ag ed on the s urf ace of the product and path og enic

11

(29)

29

bacteri a cou ld mu lti p l y. T he contam inat io n of the suppl y with pathog en ic ba cteri a i s lik e l y wh en the pr e sence of ind ic ators occur suc h as E.co l i and co l if orms. If a supp l y has bee n

assess ed to be a pot entia l d ang er to human hea lth a reg u lati o n 18 not ice must be s e rve d.

2.2.5.8 Not al l pro ducts a nd substan ces req uir e reg ulati on 3 1 appro va l by DW I. T his is p artl y d epe nde nt on wh e t her the prod uct has a larg e or smal l surf ace area i n conta ct with the water. T he crit i cal f actors to consider a re the vol ume of wat er, the surf ace area of the produ ct in co nta ct with the water an d the contact time bet we en the water a nd the pro duct. An e xam pl e of a larg e

surf ace area prod uct , wh ic h req uires reg ulat ion 31 ap pro va l, is a water p ipe f or a wat er distr ibut ion n et wo rk , whereas an e xample of a small surf ace area prod uct mig ht be a rubber wash er or the g lass i n an u ltra vio le t (UV) treatment s yst em. Man y pr i vate wa ter supp l ies us e prod uct s wh ich wou ld be c at eg orised a s a smal l surf ace area. DW I has pub l ishe d Ad vic e Sheet No 8 on Appr o val and Us e of Prod ucts w ith Smal l S urface A rea in Conta ct w ith W ater (http;//www.d wi.g o v.uk /31/pdf /Ad vices heet8. pdf ). T his li sts smal l surf ace area p roducts or comp one n ts of products that can be use d in th e treat ment and d istri buti o n of water su pp li es pro vi ded c ertai n con dit ions ar e met.

2.2.5.9 One of the other condit ions is that the pr oduct or comp one nt has passe d the tests f or eff ect on water q ua li ty un der B S 692 0:20 00 (sectio ns 2.21 and 2 .4), wh ic h ens ures th e product s atisf ies t he odour a nd f la vour te st criteri a and d oes not susta in the g ro wt h of microorg an isms. T hi s testing can be don e eith er b y an

ind epe nde nt testing l aborator y or b y W RAS. If the product i s tested and appro ved by W RAS it wi ll b e l isted a s appr o ved in the W ater Fittings a nd Materia ls Dire ctory pu bl ish ed b y W RAS

(http://www. wr as.co. uk /Director y/ ). T his director y co vers f itti ng s and materi al s use d with in c onsum ers’ pr emises. If the testin g is carrie d out b y a n in d epen dent test ing lab orator y, the l aborato ry wi l l pro vide deta il s to the compa n y wh ic h supp li es the pro duct . T he product wi ll n ot be l isted in th e W RAS D irector y or on th e webs ite. T ak ing the examp le of a UV tre atment system, there wi ll be se ver al c ompon e nts wh ich come in c o ntact wit h water a nd wi l l need to sat isf y the r eq uirements of reg ulation 31, but the

manuf acturers shou l d supp l y the d ocume ntatio n to supp ort thi s to the compan y se ll ing the UV s ystem. T heref ore prior to the

insta l lat ion stag e of remedi al work s, it is recommende d that the insta l ler i s req uired t o pro vi de th is i nf ormation.

2.2.5.10 E xamp les of product s, lik e UV tre atment units, a ppro ved b y W RAS and list ed as appro ved i n the W ater Fitti ng s and Mater ia ls

(30)

30

Dire ctor y pu bl ish ed by th e W ater Reg ulations Ad visor y Ser vi ce (http://www. wr as.co. uk /Director y/ ) can b e f ound on this li nk :

• http://www. wr as.co.u k /Director y/f itting s_l i st.asp?S ecti on=2 411 T his l ink is up dated by W RAS as ne w pro ducts are teste d and sho wn to comp l y wit h BS 6 920:2 000.

9(E).2.2.6 Regulation 6 – Requirement to carry out a risk

assessment

2.2.6.1 T he Direct i ve a nd th e Reg ul atio ns req uir e in vestig ati on a nd remedi al a ctio n wh e ne ver there is a f ai lu re in a pr i vate water supp l y to meet a sta ndard f or drink ing water q ualit y or there is a potent ia l dang er to h uman hea lth. Fa i lure s are detecte d b y th e monitor ing (sampl ing and an al ysis) req u ired und er the

Reg ul atio ns. Ho we ver, monitor ing is carr ied o ut rel ati vel y inf req uentl y, part icu l arl y f or the small er s upp li es, and henc e q ualit y is unk no wn f or most of the time and bec ause pr i vate supp l ies are of ten of ver y vari ab le q ual it y, particu lar l y f oll o win g hea vy ra inf al l, monit oring does not a l wa y s ide ntif y f ail ures. T heref ore monitoring alon e can not pro vid e assura nce a bout th e saf ety of a private water supp l y. C onseq uentl y a k ey a spect of the Reg ul ati ons is th e req uirement p lac e d on eac h l oca l auth orit y to carry o ut a risk a sses sment of ea ch private w ater suppl y in its area at le ast e ve r y fi ve year s.

2.2.6.2 Compreh ens i ve g u id ance o n carr yi ng out risk assessments is g iven i n Sect io n 4 of the Pri vate W ater Supp li es: T echn ica l Man ua l with some e xample s of typic al r is k assessments in Secti on 5 of

the Ma nua l.

2.2.6.3 Risk asse ssments ar e incre as ing l y b ei ng used worl d wid e as a n essent ia l part of a drink ing water q ua lit y sur ve il la nce a nd con trol prog ramme. T he W orld H ea lth Org anisat i on (W HO) in its late s t g uide li nes12 states ‘th e most effective mea ns of cons iste ntly assur ing the s afety o f a drink ing w ater su ppl y is thro ugh the u se of a comprehe ns ive r isk as sessm e nt and risk mana gement

approa ch that en com passes al l step s in w ater supp ly from catchment to con su mer ’. Ri sk assessme nt is a pro acti ve

approa ch to i dent if y the risk s (potent ia l fai lures of standards and risk s to human he alt h) and to tak e actio n to control tho se risk s

throug h a multi-bar rier approa ch (f or example thro ug h sourc e protecti on, treatment of the source water and manag ement of the distr ibut ion n et work to pre vent co ntamin a nts enteri ng the sup pl y

12

References

Related documents

The main optimization of antichain-based algorithms [1] for checking language inclusion of automata over finite alphabets is that product states that are subsets of already

The uniaxial compressive strengths and tensile strengths of individual shale samples after four hours exposure to water, 2.85x10 -3 M cationic surfactant

Creedon: “I think that the value of ceramic engineering has, I would say in the past ten years kind of declined a little bit, and I think that that’s reflected in the number

After Day, in the lighting of Moon Night wakens under a prayer to call hush to Day, time to commune. with Night, windswept under

The following provisions are required by the Elliot-Larson Civil Rights Act: The company and, where applicable, sub-contractors shall not discriminate against any employee or

Journal of Banking & Finance, Journal of Dynamic Economics and Control, Mathemat- ical Finance, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Economics Letters, Review of

National Conference on Technical Vocational Education, Training and Skills Development: A Roadmap for Empowerment (Dec. 2008): Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department

When the reaction finished, 300 mL - 20°C methanol was added to stop the reaction and precipitate the most of proteins in the reaction system. The precipitate was removed