DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND MINE DETECTING ROBOT USING SENSOR NETWORK

(1)

International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2019 (ISSN: 2394 – 6598)

519

©IJETIE 2019

DESIGN OF UNDERGROUND MINE DETECTING ROBOT USING

SENSOR NETWORK

1Dr.N. Muthukumaran,²Dr. R. Joshua Samuel Raj, ³Arumugathammal.E , ⁴Karthika.N, ⁵Karthika.S,

6Sangeetha.M,

1, 2 Professor, ^3,4,5,6UG Scholar ECE Department

1,3,4,5,6Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli-627003, ²CMR Institute of Technology, Bengaluru

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In this paper describes the work carried out on a design of underground mine detecting robot using sensor network to detect and transmit the ambient characteristics of mining environment. All over the world mining is one of the most dangerous trade. The mining industry has the highest incidence of occupational deaths among all industries. Some countries, underground mine workers have lack safety. Common causes of occupational deaths include rock falls, fires, explosions, methane intoxication and electrocution.

There are many case studies behind underground mines, a recent case study in china reveal that underground mining in china is the world’s deadliest industry. To overcome all these disasters, we are developing a robot monitor, a safety measures for mine workers which are most essential in underground mining areas. In this design, the system is build using different sensors network based on Arduino UNO Microcontroller used to monitor the surrounding parameters of underground mine and give intimation to mine workers.

Here, the goal is to establish an efficient wireless communication between the transceivers in the challenging underground medium.

Because of harsh propagation conditions in the soil medium (including rock, sand, and water sheds), we use magnetic induction-based transmission through soil has been proposed to overcome these issues. For this, soil transceiver is chosen for the communication inside mine.

Keywords: Robot, sensors, Arduino UNO microcontroller, wireless connection, soil transceiver.

1. INTRODUCTION

The primary factor in running any industry successfully is to ensure the safety of person working that work area.

Underground mining industry comes to the same category, where each and every parameter such as methane gas, high temperature, fire accidents and so on has to monitor regularly.

In this paper we are considering above mentioned situations and also monitoring mine workers activities e.g. Fall Detector that states workers position. Designing of soil transmission systems

in Mines for Safety and Efficient Monitoring is based on wireless sensor network can be sensible and correctly redirect dynamic condition of workers in the underground areas to data servers and can be monitored regularly. To better solve the above problems, the mine security detection crawling robot device is designed based on multi-sensor wireless communication, for the purpose of replacing humans in security inspection on some dangerous sites. Through wireless

(2)

IJETIE VOL. 5, ISSUE 7, JULY 2019

520

©IJETIE 2019 communication, parameters in the workplace are displayed real-

time on computer screen for effective monitoring.The hybrid underpass radio propagation model comprising of the free space propagation and the modified waveguide propagation is proposed. However, using popular radio communication inside underground mines has some drawbacks. Therefore, wireless communication is the important need today for the fast, flexible safety, accurate and production method in underground mines and we are using different wireless communication protocols to record the sensed parameters to data Centre or web servers. This soil transmission system is planned by bearing in mind all these factors. Thus, the intended system is giving a very good solution for most of the difficulties challenged in mine calamities. An efficient communication system must be set between mine workers and Remote Base Station For this wired network communication is inefficient in underground mining areas.

Through wireless communication, parameters in the workplace are displayed real-time on computer screen for effective

2. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

In existing system, there is a device to monitor the temperature and gas level inside the mine. The wireless system for data transfer inside the mine using ZigBee, arm microcontroller and GSM technology. But which is used only for short range and not suitable for practical purposes. The traditional wireless signal propagation techniques in underground mine using electromagnetic waves can only be applied for very short transmission ranges. Penetrated and non- penetrated waves are not working inside the mine.

3. PROBLEM SOLUTION

We use underground soil network to improve wireless communication. There is no wireless system for data transfer without loss of data over a long range inside the mine compared to existing system. The eexisting system can only be applied for very short transmission ranges. So, we use magnetic induction- based transmission through soil has been proposed to overcome

these issues. Penetrated and non-penetrated waves are not working inside the mine so we are implemented soil transceiver to overcome wireless data transfer.

3.1 Block Diagram Description:

Our proposed system has two major parts- the unmanned rover and the receiver station. A four-wheeled robot design is used for the unmanned rover. The rover uses an Arduino UNO board to control different sensors as well as transmit data through a soil transceiver. Ultrasonic sensor is used for obstacle detection, a gas sensor for detecting the presence of harmful gases, a temperature sensor to gauge the temperature in the mine, and moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. The most important part of the system is the unmanned rover with the sensors and the transmitter. The rover is moved using a combination of DC motors and a motor driver.

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free-soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content. A motor driver is used to control DC motors by increasing current to the motor and controlling the direction of motion. To transmit data to a receiver LCD, a soil transceiver module is used as it uses low power and is suitable for our purpose. Although the ordinary MI system has constant channel condition and relatively longer transmission range than that of the EM wave system, its transmission range is still too short for practical applications.

3.2 Flowchart:

The below figure gives the flow diagram of the design of underground mine detecting robot using sensor network. Fig 3.2.

3.3. Soil Transceiver

(3)

521

©IJETIE 2019 The main difference between the wireless

under-ground sensor networks (WUSNs) and the terrestrial wireless sensor networks is the signal propagation medium. The under-ground is a challenging environment for wireless communications since the propagation medium is no longer air but soil, rock and water. The well-established wireless signal propagation techniques using electromagnetic (EM) waves do not work well in this environment due to three problems: high path loss, dynamic channel condition and large antenna size. New techniques using magnetic induction (MI) create constant channel condition and can accomplish the communication with small size coils. Based on the channel analysis, the MI waveguide technique for communication is developed in order to reduce the high path loss of the traditional EM wave system and the ordinary MI system. The performance of the EM wave system, the ordinary MI system and our improved MI waveguide system are quantitatively compared. The results reveal that the transmission range of the MI waveguide system is dramatically increased.

3.4 Block Diagram

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) enable a wide variety of novel applications including soil condition monitoring, earthquake and landslide pre-diction, underground infrastructure monitoring, sports-field turf management, landscape management, border patrol and security, and etc. However, underground is a challenging environment for wireless communication. The propagation medium is no longer air but soil, rock and water, where the well-established wireless propagation techniques for terrestrial wireless sensor networks do not work well.

Traditional wireless communication techniques using electromagnetic (EM) waves encounter three major problems

(4)

522

©IJETIE 2019 in underground environments. In particular, first, EM waves

experience high levels of attenuation due to absorption by soil, rock, and water in the underground.

Fig 4.1 Soil Transmitter and Receiver

5. RESULTS AND DESCRIPTIONS

The hardware display unit consist of both transmitter and receiver section. Both units have an Arduino UNO to connect all those interfaces. They have an LCD to display an output value. Transmitter unit is a sensor network unit. It has ultrasonic sensor to direct an unmanned rover, temperature sensor to finding the temperature value inside a mine, gas sensor is to find any toxic gases, and moisture sensor to find moisture condition inside a mine. LCD displays the values which are observed by sensors. The receiver unit has only Arduino with LCD and soil receiver. The soil receiver receives the data that are transmitted by transmitter and display it in a LCD. The unmanned rover has four wheels to move a robot with the help of motor driver.

The transmitter senses all the conditions inside the mine through sensors with the help of Arduino and transmits the sensed data through the soil transmitter. The transmitted data is received by a soil receiver in receiver unit. This above process is done by taking a soil as a

medium. Using the magnetic induction-based technique it transmits the data via soil.

Fig 5.1 Setup of Transmitter and Receiver unit

Fig 5.3 Sensed Data Display in Both Transmitter and Receiver LCD

Switch on the power supply it turned on the transmitter kit and initially it displays our project title “Mine Detecting Robot”

for few seconds. Then the rover start running if any obstacle is found then the rover reverses the path and turned left for direct the robot. If there is any obstacle is found then the transmitter LCD displays “object detected”. The receiver initializes with text “Soil Receiver”. When the data begin to transfer then the LCD displays “Started”. The most important part of the system is the unmanned rover with the sensors and the transmitter. The

(5)

523

©IJETIE 2019 unmanned rover travel inside the mine, if there is any

abnormality condition is found then the unmanned rover inserts the soil transmitter inside the soil and monitors the surroundings parameters of underground mine place and drives all sensed parameters values to an Adriano UNO Microcontroller. A motor driver is used to control DC motors and controlling the direction of motion. To transmit data to a receiver LCD, a soil transceiver module is used as it uses low power and is suitable for our purpose. Although the ordinary MI system has constant channel condition and relatively longer transmission range than that of the EM wave system, its transmission range is still too short for practical applications.

So we take a MI transmission. All these components are controlled using the Arduino UNO, which has been programmed using Arduino IDE.

6. Conclusion and Future Enhancement

At present, robot is increasingly applied in security field. Intelligent robot has become an important subject for scientific research. A systematic designing scheme of Mine security detection robot was proposed in this paper, involving machinery, electronics, communication, control technology and crawling structure. The robot can adapt to rugged terrain environment and easily cross obstacles and be used for underground environment detection, fire reconnaissance, earthquake survivors search.

Temperature, gas, moisture are measured using sensors that measured in workplace to fulfill real-time transmission using wireless underground sensor network is implemented, which has better functions of monitoring, prevention and rescue, thus solving the problem of personnel absence in scene.

7. References

[1]. Z. B. Liu, H. B. Xin, and W. J. Wang, "Status of Study on Internet Robottics and its Control System,

“Journal of Beijing Technology and Business

University(Natural Science Edition),vo1.24, pp. 32- 36, March 2006.

[2]. N. Muthukumaran, 'Analyzing Throughput of MANET with Reduced Packet Loss', Wireless Personal Communications, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 565- 578, November 2017.

[3]. N. Muthukumaran and R. Ravi, 'VLSI Implementations of Compressive Image Acquisition using Block Based Compression Algorithm', The International Arab Journal of Information Technology, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 333- 339, July 2015.

[4]. B. Manoj Kumar and N. Muthukumaran, 'Design of Low power high Speed CASCADED Double Tail Comparator', International Journal of Advanced Research in Biology Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 4, pp.18-22, June 2016.

[5]. P. Venkateswari, E. Jebitha Steffy, Dr. N.

Muthukumaran, 'License Plate cognizance by Ocular Character Perception', International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 536-542, February 2018.

[6]. N. Muthukumaran, Mrs R.Sonya, Dr. Rajashekhara and V. Chitra, 'Computation of Optimum ATC Using Generator Participation Factor in Deregulated System', International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 8-11, January 2017.

[7]. Ms. A. Aruna, Ms.Y.Bibisha Mol, Ms.G.Delcy, Dr.

N. Muthukumaran, 'Arduino Powered Obstacles Avoidance for Visually Impaired Person', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 101-106, April 2018.

[8]. B. Renuka, B. Sivaranjani, A. Maha Lakshmi, Dr.

N. Muthukumaran, 'Automatic Enemy Detecting Defense Robot by using Face Detection Technique', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 495-501, April 2018.

[9]. Ms. Mary Varsha Peter, Ms. V. Priya, Ms. H.

Petchammal, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Finger Print Based Smart Voting System', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp.

357-361, April 2018.

[10]. R. Sudhashree, N. Muthukumaran, 'Analysis of Low Complexity Memory Footprint Reduction for Delay and Area Efficient Realization of 2 D FIR Filters', International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol. 10, No. 20, pp. 16101- 16105, 2015.

[11]. F.M. Aiysha Farzana, Abhinaya. M. K, Mrs.Friska, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Design of Button Antenna for Wireless Body Network using HFSS', Indo- Iranian Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 3, No.

1, pp. 48-54, January 2019.

[12]. F.M. Aiysha Farzana, Hameedhul Arshadh. A, Sara Safreen. M, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Design and

(6)

524

Image Processing', Indo-Iranian Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 42-47, January 2019.

[13]. A.Srinithi, E.Sumathi, K.Sushmithawathi, M.Vaishnavi, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'An Embedded Based Integrated Flood Forecasting through HAM Communication', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp.

63-67, January 2019.

[14]. R.Pandi Selvam and V.Palanisamy “Performance of Cluster-Based Multi-Source Multicasting in Mobile Ad hoc Networks”, International Journal of Computer and Network Security (IJCNS)-Vol:2 No:7, July 2010,pp.42-46.ISSN:2076-2739.

[15]. R.Pandi Selvam and V.Palanisamy “A Cluster- Based Multi-Source Multicast Routing Protocol using genetic algorithm for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks”, IEEE and ACM International Conference on Wireless Technologies for Humanitarian Relief”, Amrita University, Kochin, Kerala on 18th – 21st December 2011. pp.393-399.

ISBN:978-1-4503-1011-6.

[16]. R.Pandi Selvam “A Study of Black Hole Attack and its Prevention Techniques in MANET”

International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA)- Vol:162–No:8, pp.1-6, 2017. ISSN:0975- 8887.

[17]. F.M.Aiysha Farzana, Hameedhul Arshadh. A, Ganesan. J, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'High Performance VLSI Architecture for Advanced QPSK Modems', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 45-49, January 2019.

[18]. Banumathi.A, Banupriya.A, Niranjana.R, Jayaraman.G, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Advanced Illumination Measurement System in Highways', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 39-44, January 2019.

[19]. B. S. Murugan, Mohamed Elhoseny, K.Shankar, J.

Uthayakumar, “Region-based scalable smart system for anomaly detection in pedestrian walkways”, Computers and Electrical Engineering, Volume. 75, Pages 146–160, May 2019. (Impact Factor: 2.189)

[20]. S. K. Lakshmanaprabu, K. Shankar, Rani S.

Sheeba, Abdulhay Enas, N.Arunkumar, Gustavo Ramirez, J. Uthayakumar, “An effect of big data technology with ant colony optimization based routing in vehicular ad hoc networks: Towards smart cities”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume. 217, Pages 584-593, April 2019. (Impact Factor: 6.395)

[21]. Mrs. S. Murine Sharmili, Dr. N. Muthukumaran, 'Performance Analysis of Elevation & Building Contours Image using K-Mean Clustering with Mathematical Morphology and SVM', Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 80-85, April 2018.

[22]. N. Muthukumaran and R. Ravi, 'Hardware Implementation of Architecture Techniques for Fast Efficient loss less Image Compression System', Wireless Personal Communications, Volume. 90, No. 3, pp. 1291-1315, October 2016.

[23]. N. Muthukumaran and R. Ravi, 'The Performance Analysis of Fast Efficient Lossless Satellite Image Compression and Decompression for Wavelet Based Algorithm', Wireless Personal Communications, Volume. 81, No. 2, pp. 839-859, March 2015.

[24]. W. B. Wei, Y. D. Pan, and Katsuhisa Furuta,

"Design of Internet-based Telerobot Controller,"

Control Engineering of China,vo1.13,pp. 168- 171,February 2006.

[25]. N. Wu and P.Y. Guo, "Communications System of Long-Distance Robot Based on E-Link Network Data Transport Technique, “Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University(Natural Science Edition), Vo1.2S, pp.S2-S4, January 2007.