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Can Less Be More How Much Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At Establishment?

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Can Less Be More – How Much Alfalfa Should I Be Seeding At Establishment?

The Wisconsin Agri-Business Classic Alliant Energy Center - Madison, WI

January 10, 2018

Kevin Jarek Mark Renz

Crops, Soils, and Horticulture Agent Weed Scientist

UW-Extension, Outagamie County UW-Madison, UW-Extension

(2)

So, Why the Interest in Alfalfa Seeding Rates?

(3)

Safe to Say a Lot has Changed Over the Years…

(4)

Equipment isn’t the Only Thing That Has

Changed…

(5)

The Alfalfa We Are Planting Looks a Little

Different Too…

(6)

So, What Exactly Are These Coatings?

• Rhizobium Bacteria

• Fungicide

• Colorant

• Polymers To Bind Everything

Together (Minerals Including

Limestone, Gypsum, & Mica)

(7)

What Might Be the Obvious Question?

• While each component of the

“coated” seed may enhance the ability of that particular seed to establish successfully…

• What does this do to the total amount of “Pure Live Seed”

(PLS)in a Bag if Alfalfa is Still

Sold by Weight?

(8)

Due to the Development of Many of These

“Coated” Products New Questions Arose…

• How Do These “Coated”

Products Affect My Usual Alfalfa Seeding Rates?

• Do I Need to Adjust Seeding Rates Depending on Whether I am Planting Alfalfa that is

“Coated” or “Non-Coated”?

• What Seeding Rate Should We

Be Using to Maximize our Plant

Establishment?

(9)

So, What is the Range in Alfalfa Planting Rates

Across the State of Wisconsin?

(10)

So, What is Pure Live Seed (PLS)?

• Pure Live Seed (PLS) is

Calculated by Multiplying the % Germination and Hard Seed X the Pure Seed in a bag.

• Current Recommendation for

the Upper Midwest is to Plant

No Less than 10 lbs. of PLS per

Acre when Establishing Alfalfa

(11)

Not Everyone is Utilizing the Latest

Technology…

(12)

Heavy Coated Seed – PLS Calculations

(13)

Alforex Hi-Gest 360 Pure Live Seed (PLS)

• Germination and Hard Seed = 93%

• Pure Seed = 65.98%

• Germination and Hard Seed ( 93%) X Pure Seed (65.98%) = 63.16% PLS

• A 50 lb. Bag of Alforex Hi-Gest 360 would contain how many lbs. PLS?

• 50 lbs. X 63.16% PLS = 31.58 lbs. of PLS

(14)

Light Coating – PLS Calculations

(15)

No Coating – PLS Calculations

(16)

Arlington Research Station – Mike Bertram,

Mark Renz, and Chris Bloomingdale

(17)

Why Reduce RR Alfalfa Seeding Rate?

• Industry recommended seeding rates 15-20 lbs seed/A

• Research shows little benefit to seeding > 10 lbs PLS/A

• In Wisconsin, 12 lbs PLS/A unless poor growing conditions

• Coated alfalfa seed is common (can be > 30% of weight)

• Technology Fee for RR alfalfa and HarvXtra

• QUESTION: How Does Seeding Rate and Weed Control Affect

• Alfalfa Yield

• Stand Density

(18)

Methods

• Planted at Arlington

• 4/26/16

• 8 seeding rates (settings on seeder)

• 7.7, 9.3, 11, 12.3, 13.6, 15.1, 16.6 lbs PLS/A

• Applied Roundup

WeatherMax 29 fl oz/A to ½ plots

• 6/10/16

• Lambsquarter, common ragweed, dandelions

• 6-8 inches tall

• Harvested 6/27/16

(19)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

5 10 15 20

Yi el d ( To ns DM/ A)

Alfalfa Seeding Rate ( lbs PLS/A)

Glyphosate-Alfalfa

Alfalfa Yield from 2016

(20)

Alfalfa Establishment

Spring 2017 stand counts

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

5 10 15

Alf alf a St ems (s te ms /s qf t)

Alfalfa Seeding rate (lbs PLS/A)

Glyphosate

Glyphosate:

y = 0.27x + 83.87 R2=0.0025 P-value=0.6480

(21)

Conclusions from Arlington Research

• Seeding rate didn’t impact alfalfa or total yield

• No difference in establishment year

• No difference spring after establishment year

• Alfalfa stem density was similar spring after establishment

• No effect of seeding rate

• No effect from glyphosate application

(22)

Team Forage – Agronomy Workgroup

Response

(23)

Participating Wisconsin Counties

(24)

Calumet County – Eric Ronk

(25)

Getting Accurate Stand Counts

(26)

Data was Collected in the Spring and the Fall

(27)

20

30.2

15.2

12

3.6

2.1 81.2

50.2

27.4

19.3

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M S P E R S Q F T

CALUMET COUNTY LATHAM LH 9600 H

PLANTS PER SQ FT STEMS PER SQ FT

(28)

Shawano County - John Schneider/Kevin Jarek

(29)

Each Site Had It’s Own Characteristics…

(30)

The Importance of Digging Alfalfa when

Getting Plant and Stem Counts…

(31)

61.6

28.8

24.2

18

5.3

3.4 87

62.6

56.7

42.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M S P E R S Q F T

SHAWANO/OUTAGAMIE COUNTY BORDER MAGNUM 7

PLANTS PER SQ FT STEMS PER SQ FT

(32)

Outagamie County – Kevin Jarek

(33)

Plants and Stem Counts Accurately Recorded

(34)

45.25

32.33

23

11.5 3.9

2.875 95

78.5

44.75 41.5 39

29.9 21

9.75

3.75

2.75 80

71.25

46 40.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

August 2015 October 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M S P E R S Q F T

OUTAGAMIE COUNTY

PLANTS PER SQ FT WL 363 HQ

STEMS PER SQ FT WL 363 HQ

PLANTS PER SQ FT Alforex Hi-Gest 360 STEMS PER SQ FT Alforex Hi-Gest 360

(35)

Clark County – Richard Halopka

(36)

Clark County was an Over-Achiever…

Legacy 455 HD Dairyland Magnum 7

(37)

Four Different Alfalfa Varieties were Examined

Renk W4AANO Marathon 500

(38)

Sometimes You Just Have to Improvise…

(39)

60

15 10

5

4

5 120

32

35 40

43

14

15

5

5

3 180

40 40

18 53

13

12

4 6 3

156

30 35 18

74

13

5 0

20

0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M

S P E R S Q F T

CLARK COUNTY

PLANTS PER SQ FT LEGACY 455HD STEMS PER SQ FT LEGACY 455HD2 PLANTS PER SQ FT RENK TWO GOLD W4AA NO

STEMS PER SQ FT RENK TWO GOLD W4AA NO

PLANTS PER SQ FT MAGNUM 7 WET STEMS PER SQ FT MAGMUN 7 WET PLANTS PER SQ FT MARATHON 500 STEMS PER SQ FT MARATHON 500

(40)

Shawano County – Jamie Patton

(41)

They Like Their Mixed Plantings in Shawano…

(42)

However, At the End of the Day…

(43)

44.2

23.4

16.4

9.2 8

3 103.8

50.2 49.5

47.7 67.2

21.4 17.2

9.2

7 4

102

39.4

45.5 43.6

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

MAY 2015 SEPT 2015 MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M S P E R S Q F T

SHAWANO COUNTY

PLANTS PER SQ FT MAGNUM 7W STEMS PER SQ FT MAGMUN 7W PLANTS PER SQ FT HYBRI-FORCE 2420 W STEMS PER SQ FT HYBRI-FORCE 2420 W

(44)

Chippewa County – Jerry Clark

15 lbs. seeding rate 23 lbs. seeding rate

(45)

Chippewa County – Jerry Clark

30 lbs. seeding rate

• Set up three different seeding rates.

• As long as we don’t lose the stands, will be interesting to track these fields.

• One farm rotated fields because

of infestation of white clover.

(46)

50

29

21

8 61

42 61

35

27

11 70

68

60

40

31

12 68

55

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M

S P E R S Q F T

CHIPPEWA COUNTY ALFOREX HI-GEST 360

PLANTS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.

(47)

54

38

29

7 70

41 47

25

24

11 63

40 49

31

28

11 74

51

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M

S P E R S Q F T

CHIPPEWA COUNTY DKA40-51RR

PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.

(48)

50

29

21

8 61

42 61

35 27

11 70

68

60

40

31

12 68

54 55

38

29

7 70

41 47

25 24

11 63

40 49

31 28

11 74

51

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

MAY 2016 SEPT 2016 MAY 2017 SEPT 2017

P L A N T S P E R S Q F T S T E M

S P E R S Q F T

CHIPPEWA COUNTY ALFOREX HI-GEST AND DKA40-51RR

PLANTS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 15 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 23 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT

ALFOREX HI-GEST 360 30 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 15 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 23 LBS.

PLANTS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.

STEMS PER SQ FT DKA40-51RR 30 LBS.

(49)

Some of the Impediments to a Productive

Alfalfa Stand…

(50)

Residue from Previous Year(s), Cover Crops

that Tiller, and Everyone’s Favorite… Stones

(51)

Oh, Did I Mention the Equipment Operators…

(52)

Honorable Mention – Outagamie & Buffalo

Counties

(53)

Honorable Mention - St. Croix County –

Ryan Sterry

(54)

New Seeding in Spring, 30 Days after Planting - P=0.84

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

8-12 12-15 15-18

Pl an t Cou nts

PLS (lbs/a)

Planting Spring

(55)

New Seeding in Fall, 5 Months After Planting - P=0.19

10 15 20 25 30

8-12 12-15 15-18

Pl an t Cou nts

PLS (lbs/a)

Planting Fall

(56)

First Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.50

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

8-12 12-15 15-18

St em Cou nts

PLS (lbs/a)

Spring 1 Year After Planting

(57)

Second Full Year of Production, Spring - P=0.69

0 10 20 30 40 50

8-12 12-15 15-18

St em Cou nts

PLS (lbs/a)

Spring 2 Years After Planting

(58)
(59)

Arlington Research Station – Mike Bertram

2.052 2.02

0.908

0.826

5.804

2.124 2.01

0.854 0.934

5.922

2.204

2.072

0.86

0.99

6.126

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

1ST CUTTING 5/18 2ND CUTTING 6/22 3RD CUTTING 7/18 4TH CUTTING 8/18 SEASON

T O N S O

F D M

INFLUENCE OF SEEDING RATE ON YIELD

AVE OF 12 LBS. Seeding Rate

AVE OF 16 LBS. Seeding Rate

AVE OF 20 LBS. Seeding Rate

(60)

In Conclusion…

• We did not see a statistically significant difference in plant counts

across the different seeding rates (12.5 lbs. to 22.5 lbs/8.8 lbs PLS to 17.8 lbs PLS) from the data collected across the state of Wisconsin.

• In addition, there was no observed statistically significant difference in stem counts from data collected across the state.

• The Upper Midwest Recommendation for PLS is not less than 10 lbs.

per acre when establishing a new stand.

• Wisconsin recommendation is 10 – 12 lbs. PLS.

• Industry recommendations may be higher than Upper Midwest and

Wisconsin recommendation.

(61)

Thanks to All of the Following Cooperators

• Mike Bertram – Station Manager, Arlington Research Station

• Chris Bloomingdale – Agronomy Graduate Student, UW-Madison

• Jerry Clark – Agriculture Agent, Chippewa County

• Carl Duley – Agriculture Agent, Buffalo County

• Richard Halopka – Agriculture Agent, Clark County

• Jamie Patton - Agriculture Agent, Shawano County

• Mark Renz – Weed Scientist, UW-Madison/UW-Extension

• Eric Ronk – Agriculture Agent, Calumet County

• John Schneider – Scenic Valley Cooperative/Infinity Feeds, Seymour

• Ryan Sterry – Agriculture Agent, St. Croix County

References

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