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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016)

57

Efficient Energy Consumption Approach during Browsing in

Android Smartphones

Ashwini M. Sonwane

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Deogiri Institute of Engineering & Management Studies, Dr. B.A.M.U., Aurangabad, India.

Abstract- Computing and modeling energy utilization in mobile devices are crucial for constructing energy-aware practices and energy reduction approaches. Smartphone based web browsing, utilize lots of energy while processing webpages because of some particular characteristics of the wireless radio interface. Proposed energy efficient web browser curtails the overall energy required for downloading webpage. Performing a detailed study based on experimental measurements to compute the powerabsorbed by the mobile device during secure web browsing sessions. Experimental results describes that proposed approach can decrease the energyexpenditure of smartphone up to 32%during web browsing. Furthermore, proposed solution can curtail the webpage loading time and increase the network capacity.

Keywords- Energy Consumption, Mobile Computing, Portable devices, Wireless Communication, Web Browser

I. INTRODUCTION

In today’s life, smartphones are used by large group of members due to their quick support for web browsing. Most of the worldwide web browsing is carried out on mobile browsers. Most of the well-recognized websites also delivers their mobile version which is optimized for small screen. Even though many web sites browsing on smartphones are inadequately optimized for usage of energy and dissipate large amount [1] of power while downloading web pages. It requires more power than necessary to render pages of web sites.

Many researchers finding solutions to enhance power consumption utilize by smart phones. But their primary focus is on reducing energy consumption used for display of smartphones. Another focus is on WiFi interface which possesses unique functionalities than cellular interfaces as 3G and 4G LTE which take up much more power consumption.

Technologies such as UMTS 3G and 4G LTE utilize several timers to control the resources and the timeout rate for transforming the resources. These will results into the situations as consumption of large amount of energy by wireless radio interface before timer exits when there is no network traffic [2].

Still this technique is advantageous due to continuous availability of connection between smartphone and determined network by reducing the latency of further possible data transmission that accomplish before the timer suspends. If not then determined network has to re-allot resources which will again take up more time and power. So, adjustment of timer is not sufficient for saving power.

Presently web browser used in smartphones, consumes lots of time for downloading and processing of all objects within a webpage due to limited capability of computation in smartphone. Due to limited computation power, the data transmission process between web browser and web servers are affected.

Even though there are many ineffective time period between these data transmissions, each ineffective time period is still lesser than the time out value, and these data transmissions reboot the timers frequently before they lapse. Therefore, the radio interface is always on and the radio resource cannot be discharged, which absorbs huge power and shrinks the network capacity.

Proposed system expresses the two methods to resolve troubles in power utilization during web browsing. Firstly, modernize the calculation sequence of the web browser while processing a webpage. There are a variety of computations while processing a webpage such as HTML parsing, JavaScript code execution, image decoding, style formatting, page layout, etc [3]. These computations fit in to two streams depend on creation of novel data transmissions from web server.

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016)

58

Proposed method examines the energy consumption of the Android browser at popular web sites. It provides energy consumption during loading and delivering of images, javascripts and CSS [4], while loading webpages. For webpages having short processing time, a novel approach is presented in this paper. The logic behind this is, to predict the user reading time on the webpage after it has been downloaded. If this predicted reading time is larger than a threshold value, the radio interface can be put into low power state. Since smartphones are limited in computation capability, a low overhead prediction algorithm [5] is implemented. As this technique, curtails the timeto hold the data transmission resource. It can also increase the network capacity, i.e., increase the number of users supported by the network.

II.PROPOSED SYSTEM

[image:2.612.58.277.387.588.2]

Proposed method delivers scrutiny of the power essential to provide well-known web sites and the energy necessary to distribute specific web elements such as images, Javascript, and Cascade Style Sheets (CSS).

Figure 1: System architecture

Complicated Javascript and CSS can be expensive to distribute as images in web pages in terms of energy consumption and time required. Demands of dynamic Javascript tremendously enhance the cost of delivering the page as it avoids caching of web page contents [6]. Distribution of JPEG images over webpages on Android browser is much more costly as compared to other image format as GIF, PNG, and TIFF.

Proposed system simply modifies the working of Javascript on the page, without varying the user experience. An slight modification to the default Android browser as shown in Figure 1 has been done.

Images, Javascript, and CSS will consume lots of energyduring browsing a web page. One can enhance processing of web pages by reducing the power absorption of these elements.

1) Javascript

JavaScript is object oriented language used in webpage along with HTML as markup language. JavaScript is a website scripting language which returns some output inside the webpage by dispensation of the code integral within any markup language by using JavaScript Interpreter. Output of any webpage can be defined as the interactive and dynamic display of content.

JavaScript acts mutually as object oriented language and procedural language if website is to be dynamic in nature. It plays important role in making webpages attractive and interactive. It also assists in processing any information acknowledged from the website’s visitors. This is advantageous as user-friendliness of JavaScript facilitate effortless navigation of the website. Javascript is the most energy absorbing components of a web page[7]. Websites created using Javascript need a large downloading energy because of these webpages has to load large Javascript files for distributing the web pages to users even though there is no necessity of all script for loading web page.

Some webpages are connected with two Javascript as application.js and jquery.js. The application.js JavaScript is specific to particular website while jquery.js Javascript is specific to the generic jqueryJavascript library

The jquery.js Javascript is chiefly desired to dynamically illustrate the correct section depending on the id of the button clicked. But loading of single Javascript in to the memory entails 4 Joules of power.

Reducing Javascript on a mobile page to comprise only those functions necessary by the page extremely reduces energy use [8]. Generic Javascript libraries scrutinize web development, but generally enhance the energy utilized by the resultant pages.

2) CSS

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016)

59

The logic to reduce energy expenditure is to substitute multiple CSS files by only one file which includes of all rules required for the webpage. This idea conclude energy drop up to 5 Joules. This energy expenditure can be avoided by using single CSS file with only the essential CSS rules [2], [9]. CSS file should be page specific and must consist of only those set of laws which are functional to elements in the page.

3) Image Formats

Web sites consist of a variety of image formats, as JPEG, GIF, and PNG. But the energy utilization to distribute an image to consumers absolutely depends on the set of encoding formats. Consider 3 main image formats as PNG, JPEG and GIF. GIF format supports 8-bits per pixel and uses the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) lossless data compression method. PNG is making use of a bitmapped image format that was made-up to advance and replace GIF. PNG also supports for lossless data compression. JPEG is another well-known image formats that sustaining lossy data compression. In mobile web browsing, mostly, GIFs are used for very small size images, and PNGs and JPEGs are used for larger images [10]. JPEG is the more energyefficient format on the Android mobile phone for all image sizes.

III. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

A response towards request of user alters depending upon the device they are using. Consider how you use your phone and how you use your web browser: are they the same? No. When you click on a button on your web browser you understand that the browser is making a call to a server or at least “the internet”, so you are prepared to wait for a response. But when you tap a button within an application on your phone, you expect it to respond immediately – if you experience even a second or two delay you’ll be tempted to press the button again or, after four or five seconds, you’ll probably kill the app and restart it. All networks calls and complex computations need to be performed in a background thread and, if you do need wait for a server response, then display a busy indicator while you do so to inform the user that the application is working. Furthermore, you should try to load just enough data to draw a screen in your application and allow your user to start working while you load the remaining data in the background.

A tangential aspect of responsiveness is startup time. How many mobile apps that take an excessive amount of time to startup have you stopped using?

If application needs to perform several tasks before starting, how can you mitigate the time required to perform those tasks and present your user interface in a timely manner? Their gauge startup time in three ways, as shown in figure 2 .

Figure 2. Measuring startup times

Figure 2 can be summarized as follows:

– First screen: the time required to show the user something on the screen

– Usable: the time that the application becomes usable and interactive

– Fully functional: the time when the application has loaded all of its resources and is fully functional

Next it need to be aware of how much memory our application is using. Mobile devices are increasing in memory specs every year: at the time of this writing,

So how can this minimize mobile device memory usage? The key to managing memory is to maintain the user state that you need in memory, but no more. You should not be afraid to use memory when you need it because loading data from storage on each interaction would hurt the perceived user experience, but you should not load a whole lot more than you need. If you have user state that is required to build screens in your application, then by all means, load it into memory, but just be cognizant that memory is a precious resource and you do not need to load everything your application will ever need into memory at once.

As CPU power increases it is easier to write less efficient code and still achieve adequate results, but at the cost of CPU usage. If you expend effort to optimize your code and choose the best performing algorithms for your objective, then you will minimize your use of the mobile device’s CPU and hence improve battery life. You want to optimize every CPU cycle you’re using.

The other major cause of power consumption

This evaluate the performance of proposed system with respect to Data transmission rate, Energy consumption and user experiences while loading of webpage using both original browser and efficient energy aware browser.

A. Data Transmission Rate

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016)

[image:4.612.319.540.204.337.2]

60

It compare data transmission rate of proposed method with original web browser. In original web browser, data transmission computations and layout computations are combined together. Therefore, time required for data transmission is nothing but loading time of webpage [11]. Proposed method divides such computations. Hence webpage loading time consists of data transmission time and layout computation time separately.

Figure 3: Time required for two popular webpages

Figure 3shown above describes the average data transmission time on the mobile version and the Original full version.Proposed method curtails the data transmission time by 16% on the mobile version and 18% on an original full version benchmark and hence therefore also curtails the webpage loading time.

The original web browser frequently alters and reflow middle display while loading webpages. Proposed method simply depicts an intermediate display and results into the final display [12]. So, time required to load webpages reduces greatly. Reduction of loading time accomplished by mobile version is much lesser than that on the full original version.

Jsoup architecture is used for layout computation. i use DOM Parser to analyze layout computation. XML DOM parser first extracts and load textual data and then goes for extraction and loading of image contents. XML document with a DOM parser retrieves a tree structure that contains the entire elements website.

The DOM provides a variety of functions which can used to scrutinize the contents and structure of the website. Loading textual data yields into efficient results than loading image contents.

B. Energy Consumption

Figure 4: Energy Consumption

Overall energy utilization of smartphones consists of energy utilized by the display and system maintenance. When the smartphone continues in FACH state, it absorbs approximately the equal amount of energy as CPU entirely running at IDLE state. Generally, when the smartphone is in IDLE state, the energy is absorbed by screen display and system maintenance. Since proposed energy aware system decreases the time required to process webpage in FACH and DCH states, total energy required for web browsing get saved. Figure 4 compares the power consumption of the original web browser and proposed energy-aware method during loading of the webpage.

C. User experience

To evaluate the user experience, in utilizing the browser a snapshot of the web page (i.e.,espncricinfo.com) is captured. The screen arrangement of proposed technique is not as superior as the original technique that is able to read the contents. Major advantage of proposed method is that, it is much quicker and energy efficient. The final screen layout in both approaches is the same as but shown in Figure.5, proposed approach is 3 seconds quicker than original browser.

Power

[image:4.612.61.277.230.394.2]
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016)

61

[image:5.612.72.536.80.730.2]

(a) Original takes 32 seconds (b) Energy-Aware takes 29 seconds

Figure 5: Final Display

Table 1 show the resources and power consumption by original browser and energy efficient browser for lading espn.com website in original browser and table 2 shows energy efficient browser readings. Results show that energy efficient browser yields more efficient results.

Table 1: Using Original Browser

ESPN MSN NDTV CPU usage

time 3m 6m 5m

Screen

usage time 12m 15m 13 m Background

power consumed

[image:5.612.323.544.121.710.2]

7.7% 10% 8%

Table 2:

Using Energy Efficient Browser

ESPN MSN NDTV CPU usage

time 2 m 4m 4 m

Screen

usage time 12 m 15m 13 m Background

power consumed

3.9% 2.9% 4.2%

Figure 6: Resource cosumption for espn.com

Figure 7: Resource cosumption for msn.com

[image:5.612.68.270.134.406.2] [image:5.612.73.266.493.725.2]
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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016)

[image:6.612.59.272.216.681.2]

62

Figure 6,7,8 shows Resources consumption for three different website such as espn.com, msn.com and ndtv.com respectively in which screen usage time is same for different browser but their cpu usage time is getting different that show how efficiently our energy effient browser is working . Figure10 shown below describes the background power consumption required for every site.

Figure 9: Power Consumption

Figure 10: Energy and resource utilization

Figure 10 shows the total energy and resources utilized for both original browser and energy efficient browser.

IV. CONCLUSION

Proposed method computes the power utilization while browsing web pages, consisting specific component on the page. Proposed approach delivers distinct vision for investigating web sites. It also offers novel edition to web developers for building extra energy inexpensive sites.In proposed system, energy-aware practice during web browsing is evaluated. Firstly, reschedule the working out sequence for loading webpage. Web browser computes the new data transmission of webpages. Further the web browser set the 3G radio interface into IDLE state, releases the radio resource, and then run the residual layout computations. This proposed approach curtails the overall time period required to process webpages and hence saves the energy consumption. Moreover, proposed technique can boost the network capacity, since the radio resource can be released previously. Experimental results computed displays that energy-aware browser approach can curtail the power utilization of smartphone by more than 32% while web browsing. Moreover, proposed resolution can decrease the webpage loading time by 19%.

REFERENCES

[1] F. R. Dogar, P. Steenkiste, and K. Papagiannaki, “Catnap: exploiting

high bandwidth wireless interfaces to save energy for mobile devices,” in Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2010, pp-107-118.

[2] J. P. Romero, O. Sallent, R. Agusti, and M. A. Diaz-Guerra, Radio

resource management strategies in UMTS. John Wiley and Sons, Inc 2005, pp-303-335.

[3] J. Sorber, N. Banerjee, M. D. Corner, and S. Rollins, “Turducken: hierarchical power management for mobile devices,” in Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2005, pp-265-270.

[4] J. Flinn and M. Satyanarayanan, “Managing battery lifetime with

energy-aware adaptation,” ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS), May 2004, pp-161-171.

[5] 3GPP Specification TS 24.008: Mobile radio interface Layer

3specification; Core network protocols; Stage 3, Std., Rev. Rel. 9. pp-51-80.

[6] L. A. Meyerovich and R. Bodik, “Fast and parallel webpage layout,”

in Proc. International World-Wide Web Conference (WWW), 2010, pp-1-10.

[7] N. Thiagarajan, G. Aggarwal, A. Nicoara, D. Boneh, and J. P. Singh,

“Who killed my battery?: analyzing mobile browser energy consumption,” in Proc. International World-Wide Web Conference (WWW), 2012 pp-41-50.

[8] J.-H. Yeh, J.-C. Chen, and C.-C. Lee, “Comparative analysis of

energy saving techniques in 3GPP and 3GPP2 systems,” in IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, 2009 pp-435-440.

[9] E. Rozner, V. Navda, R. Ramjee, and S. Rayanchu, “Napman:

network-assisted power management for wifi devices,” in Proc. ACM MobiSys, 2010 pp-1-10.

[10] J. H. Friedman, “Greedy function approximation: A gradient

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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2016)

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[11] “(2011) webkits speculative parsing,” pp-A1-A15.

http://gent.ilcore.com/2011/01/webkit-preloadscanner.html.

[12] J. Huang, F. Qian, A. Gerber, Z. M. Mao, S. Sen, and O.

Figure

Figure 1: System architecture
Figure 3:  Time required for two popular webpages
Figure 5: Final Display
Figure 9: Power Consumption

References

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