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Descriptive statistics, correlations and collinearity statistics

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Collinearity

Statistics Mean 4.79 3.60 3.98 4.67 2.42 4.60 4.66 2.63 2.13 4.95 4.45 4.28 0.27 0.34 0.16 0.15 0.55 0.21 0.22 0.77 3.27 4.60

Standard Deviation 0.94 1.06 1.33 1.35 0.92 1.18 0.98 0.57 3.04 0.99 1.10 1.01 0.45 0.48 0.37 0.35 0.50 0.41 0.15 0.27 1.57 0.90 Tolerance VIFa

1. Entry mode performance

2. Environmental munificence (0.13* 0.73 1.38

3. Environmental uncertainty 0.04 (0.31** 0.79 1.27

4. Firm size (ln) 0.12 0.11 (0.06 0.61 1.63

5. Firm turnover before entry 0.12 (0.06 0.15* 0.46** 0.63 1.60

6. Local experience 0.22** (0.32** 0.10 0.09 0.14* 0.64 1.55

7. Local linkages 0.37** (0.29** 0.05 (0.04 (0.02 0.49** 0.66 1.51

8. Age of decision(maker (0.16* 0.08 (0.07 (0.06 (0.11 (0.22** (0.16* 0.77 1.29

9. Intel. experience of decision(maker 0.05 (0.05 0.00 0.13* 0.15* 0.05 0.05 (0.38** 0.76 1.31

10. Decision rationality 0.44** (0.15* (0.06 0.14* 0.08 0.28** 0.29** (0.10 0.02 0.70 1.43

11. Problem(solving dissension 0.14* (0.24** 0.19** 0.03 0.14* 0.31** 0.28** (0.20** 0.11 0.43** 0.66 1.52

12. Hierarchical centralization 0.06 (0.22** 0.15* 0.11 0.12 0.18** 0.21** (0.05 0.06 0.28** 0.29** 0.80 1.24

13. FDI/non(FDI decision 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.44** 0.48** 0.10 0.03 (0.08 0.21** 0.06 0.11 0.02 0.64 1.56

14. Electronics (0.07 0.03 0.13* (0.04 0.02 (0.04 (0.11 0.06 0.06 (0.02 0.02 (0.09 0.11 0.70 1.44

15. Chemicals 0.01 0.00 (0.04 0.04 0.11 (0.08 (0.05 (0.05 (0.01 0.04 (0.12 0.02 0.05 (0.31** 0.77 1.30

16. Textiles 0.02 (0.01 (0.08 (0.07 (0.09 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.02 (0.04 0.02 0.02 (0.14* (0.30** (0.18** 0.80 1.24

17. Market(seeking motive 0.13* (0.10 (0.04 (0.01 (0.06 0.00 0.09 0.01 (0.01 0.05 0.06 0.12 (0.14* (0.16* 0.00 0.11 0.43 2.31

18. Strategic asset(seeking motive (0.08 0.01 0.04 0.16* 0.22** 0.07 (0.04 (0.06 0.02 (0.03 (0.03 (0.01 0.19** 0.08 0.04 (0.09 (0.46** 0.50 1.99

19. Natural resource(seeking motive (0.08 0.15* 0.08 0.01 0.00 (0.14 (0.14* 0.05 (0.09 (0.12 (0.06 (0.06 0.11 0.08 (0.06 0.02 (0.16* (0.08 0.84 1.20

20. Following competitors/ customers (0.01 (0.05 (0.09 (0.18** (0.20** 0.04 0.08 (0.09 0.12 0.00 (0.07 (0.12 (0.14* (0.11 0.01 0.06 (0.32** (0.15* (0.04 0.61 1.64

21. Years from the entry decision 0.04 0.16* (0.03 0.23** 0.00 (0.04 (0.05 0.05 0.05 (0.07 (0.12 (0.03 0.02 (0.03 (0.04 0.04 (0.02 0.04 (0.04 (0.05 0.88 1.13

22. Psychic distance 0.15* (0.24** 0.22** 0.08 0.00 0.23** 0.30** (0.22** 0.05 0.20** 0.24** 0.11 0.02 (0.05 (0.01 0.03 0.02 0.06 (0.06 0.03 (0.07 0.70 1.44

n= 233; a

: variance inflation factor; * p < .05 (two(tailed), ** p < .01 (two(tailed).

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Hierarchical OLS regression results for entry mode peformance

Model A Model B Model C Model D Model E Model F

Environmental munificence (2.00E(03 ((0.02) (2.00E(03 ((0.04) 0.01 (0.17) 0.02 (0.23) 0.03 (0.51) 0.02 (0.23) Environmental uncertainty 0.08

(1.14) 0.07 (1.12) 0.05 (0.69) 0.05 (0.68) 0.06 (0.95) 0.05 (0.80)

Psychic distance 0.12

(1.03) 0.11 (0.97) 0.12 (1.03) 0.12 (1.04) 0.13 (1.25) 0.11 (0.98)

Firm size (ln) 0.03

(0.46) 0.03 (0.46) 0.02 (0.29) 0.05 (0.63) 0.05 (0.67) 0.05 (0.66) Firm turnover before entry 0.12

(1.55) 0.11 (1.54) 0.14+ (1.90) 0.17* (2.17) 0.18* (2.37) 0.17* (2.24)

Local experience (0.04

((0.58) (0.04 ((0.59) (0.05 ((0.64) (0.04 ((0.62) (0.06 ((0.79) (0.06 ((0.80)

Local linkages 0.29**

(4.13) 0.29** (4.11) 0.29** (4.22) 0.30** (4.32) 0.30** (4.37) 0.28** (4.08)

Age of decision(maker (0.14

((1.18) (0.13 ((1.17) (0.14 ((1.25) (0.13 ((1.18) (0.12 ((1.05) (0.13 ((1.20) Intel. experience of decision(maker (0.01

((0.10) (0.01 ((0.11) (0.01 ((0.18) 2.00E(03 (0.03) 0.03 (0.42) 0.04 (0.60)

Years from the entry decision 0.08 (1.35) 0.08 (1.35) 0.08 (1.31) 0.07 (1.24) 0.08 (1.37) 0.08 (1.43) Industry

Electronics (0.05

((0.34) (0.05 ((0.34) (0.03 ((0.18) (0.01 ((0.09) (0.02 ((0.14) (2.00E(03 ((0.01)

Chemicals (0.01

((0.06) (0.01 ((0.04) (0.03 ((0.17) (0.02 ((0.11) (0.01 ((0.05) 0.03 (0.17)

Textiles (0.03

((0.17) (0.03 ((0.16) (4.00E(03 ((0.02) (0.02 ((0.11) (0.01 ((0.05) (0.03 ((0.15) Entry motive

Market seeking 0.21

(1.24) 0.22 (1.23) 0.22 (1.26) 0.20 (1.15) 0.23 (1.36) 0.25 (1.44)

Strategic asset seeking (0.09 ((0.45) (0.09 ((0.45) (0.09 ((0.46) (0.09 ((0.43) (0.09 ((0.44) (0.08 ((0.43)

Natural resource seeking 0.14 (0.34) 0.15 (0.34) 0.21 (0.49) 0.27 (0.64) 0.45 (1.06) 0.43 (1.02)

Compet/ cust following 0.04 (0.15) 0.04 (0.16) 0.08 (0.30) 0.06 (0.22) 0.09 (0.35) 0.08 (0.30)

Decision rationality 0.39**

(6.15) 0.39** (5.71) 0.39** (5.79) 0.39** (5.75) 0.40** (5.96) 0.37** (5.44) Hierarchical centralization (0.15*

((2.34) (0.15* ((2.34) (0.11+ (1.72) (0.12+ ((1.80) (0.14* ((2.15) (0.13* ((1.99)

Dissension 0.01

(0.10) (0.02 ((0.29) (0.01 ((0.07) (0.10 ((1.27) (0.07 ((0.94) (Dissension)2 (0.10* ((2.06) (0.10* ((2.01) (0.11* ((2.18) (0.05 ((0.93)

FDI decision (0.20

((1.23)

(0.24 ((1.55)

(0.03 ((0.14)

Dissension ╳ FDI decision 0.31*

(2.48)

0.31* (2.44)

(Dissension)2╳ FDI decision (0.20*

(2.01) R2

0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.35 0.37

Adjusted R2 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.29

CR2 4.00E(03 0.01* 5.00E(03 0.02* 0.02*

F(statistic 5.13** 4.85** 4.89** 4.75** 4.97** 5.00**

Dependent variable: entry mode performance, n= 233, ** p< .01; * p< .05; + p< .10 (two(tailed)

Notes: All regression models are based on standardized z(scores of all variables (apart from the dichotomous or categorical variables); the entries are unstandardized βs with t(values in brackets.