Psychoanalytic Theories
The Neo-Freudians
Following in Freud’s Footsteps
■ Sigmund Freud’s ideas attracted many followers who both
agreed and disagreed with him
■ Several of these psychoanalysts created their own theories.
Many psychoanalysts who followed Freud but created their own theories are called neo-Freudians
■ Carl Jung (1875-1961)
■ Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
Carl Jung (
Young)
■ At one point Carl Jung was Freud’s closest associate, but
Jung disagreed with Freud on two key points of the psychoanalytic theory and the two stopped speaking
■ The first point was Jung believed in a more positive view
of human nature, believing that people try to develop their potential as well as handle their instinctual urges
■ The second point of disagreement was that Jung
distinguished between a personal unconscious (which was similar to Freud’s unconscious) and a collective unconscious
■ Collective unconscious: a storehouse of instincts,
Carl Jung
■ Archetypes
■ Archetypes are inherited ideas based on the experiences of one’s
ancestors and shape one’s perception of the world
■ Archetypes are same in every person and reflect the common
experiences of humanity such as mothers, fathers, nature, and war
■ Jung spent a lot of time looking at different cultures by studying
dreams, visions, myths, folk stories, religions, painting (and other art). He found that the same archetypes (themes) appeared again and again
■ Jack and the Beanstalk/David and Goliath
■ Jung believed that these types of themes influenced our thoughts
and feelings, helping us build our personality
■ Jung believed we used the concepts in our personal unconscious and
"All the most powerful ideas in history go back to
archetypes."
-Jung in his book The Structure of the PsycheJungian Archtypes Quiz
■ http://www.playbuzz.com/benjaminbirely10/which-jung-a rchetype-best-describes-you
Others to consider for entertainment purposes only…not scientifically proven!
■ http://www.playbuzz.com/chelsead10/are-you-an-introver t-extrovert-or-ambivert
■ http://www.playbuzz.com/margottouitou10/how-observa nt-are-you-really
Alfred Adler
■ Alder was also an associate of Freud. He left his teacher to
begin his own approach to personality theory
■ Adler believed that the driving force in people’s lives is a
desire to overcome their feelings of inferiority
■ Example: Napoleon (conquered Europe despite his
height)
■ Inferiority Complex: a pattern of avoiding feelings of
inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source
■ Children first feel inferior because they are so little and
are dependent on adults
■ As they gain the abilities to do things that adults do
Alfred Adler
■ Adler also believed that the way parents treated their children
influences the styles of life they choose
■ Over pampering a child tends to produce a self-centered
person who has little regard for others and expects everyone else to do what he or she wants
■ On the other hand, the child who is neglected by his or her
parents may seek revenge by becoming an angry, hostile person
■ Both pampered and neglected children will grow up to lack
confidence in their ability to meet the demands of life
How does the
lifestyle differ in these
two pictures?
■
How does Adler’s theory differ from
Karen Horney
■ Horney stressed the importance of basic anxiety, which a
child feels because they are helpless and basic hostility, a
resentment of one’s parents that generally accompanies this anxiety
■ Horney disagreed with Freud, stating that if a child is raised
in a loving and secure environment the child can avoid Freud’s psychosexual parent-child conflict
■ Horney was the first woman to challenge Freud’s ideas
■ Womb envy
■ She claimed that men fear the power women have
Erik Erikson
■ Erikson agreed with Freud’s basic ideas, but outlined his
own 8 stages of psychosocial development
■ These stages stress the importance of interaction and
QUIZ: Are You an Introvert or an Extrovert?
■ Published on March 9, 2011 by Susan CainPublished on March 9, 2011 by Susan Cain in Quiet:
The Power of Introverts
True or False? Choose the answer that applies to you more often than not.
■ 1. I prefer one-on-one conversations to group activities.
■ 2. I often prefer to express myself in writing.
■ 3. I enjoy solitude.
■ 4. I seem to care about wealth, fame, and status less than my
peers.
■ 5. I dislike small talk, but I enjoy talking in-depth about topics
that matter to me.
■ 6. People tell me that I'm a good listener.
■ 8. I enjoy work that allows me to "dive in" with few
interruptions.
■ 9. I like to celebrate birthdays on a small scale, with only
one or two close friends or family members.
■ 10. People describe me as "soft-spoken" or "mellow."
■ 11. I prefer not to show or discuss my work with others
until it's finished.
■ 12. I dislike conflict.
■ 13. I do my best work on my own.
■ 14. I tend to think before I speak.
■ 15. I feel drained after being out and about, even if I've
■ 16. I often let calls go through to voice-mail.
■ 17. If I had to choose, I'd prefer a weekend with absolutely
nothing to do to one with too many things scheduled.
■ 18. I don't enjoy multi-tasking.
■ 19. I can concentrate easily.
■ The more often you answered True, the more introverted
you probably are. Lots of Falses suggests you're an
extrovert. If you had a roughly equal number of Trues and Falses, then you may be an "ambivert" - yes, there really is such a word.
■ Why does it matter where you fall on the
introvert-extrovert spectrum? Because introversion and
■ Conversely, when you spend too much time battling your
own nature, the opposite happens - you deplete yourself. I've met too many people living lives that didn't suit them - introverts with frenetic social schedules, extroverts with
jobs that required them to sit in front of their computers for hours at a stretch. We all have to do things that don't come naturally - some of the time. But it shouldn't be all the time. It shouldn't even be most of the time.
■ This is particularly important for introverts, who have often
spent so much of their lives conforming to extroverted
norms that by the time they choose a career, or a calling, it feels perfectly normal to ignore their own preferences. You may be uncomfortable in law school or in the marketing department, but no more so than you were back in junior high or summer camp.
■ How about you? How did you score on this quiz? Did your
Are you born an Introvert or Extrovert? Still being researched!
http://simply-put.blogspot.com/2005/12/introvert-extrovert-difference-is-in.html
Introverted children enjoy the internal world of thoughts,
feelings and fantasies, and there's a physiological reason for this. Researchers using brain scans have found introverts have more brain activity in general, and specifically in the frontal lobes.
When these areas are activated, introverts are energized by
retrieving long-term memories, problem solving, introspection, complex thinking and planning.
Extroverts enjoy the external world of things, people and activities. They have more activity in brain areas involved in
processing the sensory information we're bombarded with daily. Because extroverts have less internally generated brain activity, they search for more external stimuli to energize them.
The information explains why it is so difficult simply to will yourself to behave more like an extrovert (or more like an introvert), contrary to your innate tendency. It also confirms Nicole's observation: if the distinction is rooted in electrical
5 Things Every Introvert Should Know about Extroverts (and Vice Versa) March 22, 2010 by Nancy Ancowitz in Self-Promotion for Introverts
Picture this: You arrive in a conference room bustling with your colleagues and bosses. The meeting begins and everyone else is piping up, pontificating, and jockeying for attention in a spirited discussion while you’re sitting there contemplating
what you might add to the dialog. In fact, your best thoughts gel only after the meeting ends.
Research suggests that your silence might cost you in the
career department. But does it have to be that way? If you're an introvert, your preference to think before you speak can actually be an advantage. It means that when you do speak, you’re more likely to have something to say. However, you may find it challenging to speak up before you’re ready to do so. Why not rest up and get ready beforehand so you’ll show up at meetings refreshed and with several key points already formulated?
■REFERENCE:
■Cameron Anderson and Gavin J. Kilduff, "Why Do
Dominant Personalities Attain Influence in Face-to-Face Groups? The Competence-Signaling Effects of Trait
Dominance," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2009, Vol, 96, No. 2, 491-503.
Introverts working with extroverts
1.Recognize extroverts’ need to interact and think out loud.
2.Appreciate extroverts’ need for small talk; prepare a few light conversation topics.
3.Get on the agenda for meetings or chair them.
4.Expect to brainstorm; do some thinking in advance. 5.Jump in; interject when necessary—in a strong,
Extroverts working with introverts
■ 1.Recognize introverts’ need for reflection time before they
state their views.
■ 2.Extroverts: get your social fix ahead of time.
■ 3.Schedule meetings; don’t drop in on introverts.
■ 4.Don’t interrupt; if you tend to do so, count to three in
your head before you speak.
■ 5.Understand that introverts tend to tackle one task at a
time; don’t expect them to multi-task.
Also spelled "extraverts" by Carl Jung and the communities of the
