CHAPTER 11 HOUSEKEEPING, STACKING, STORAGE AND LOCK OUT

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CHAPTER 11 – HOUSEKEEPING, STACKING, STORAGE AND

LOCK OUT

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Housekeeping

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Good housekeeping

• Good lighting

• Good ventilation

• Clean hygiene and sanitized ablution facilities

• Clearly marked passages, aisles, corridors and storage areas

• Good stacking and storage practices

• Tidy factory yards

• All refuse being kept in bins

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Poor housekeeping

• Unnecessary rubbish, waste and vegetation in yard

• Poor stacking and storage practices

• Unsafe handling of flammable liquids

• Compartments not being kept in good condition

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Housekeeping

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Housekeeping steps

• Passages, aisles and walkways should be marked and kept clear of obstacles to prevent workers and visitors from injuries as result of trips and/or falls

• Waste bins should be provided

• All spillages must be cleared and cleaned

immediately to prevent workers from slipping, or being contaminated if chemicals are involved

• Any unusual parcels or packages should be reported to security

• Everything should be placed in correct place and all products stored correctly

• All workplaces should be cleaned up and sanitized at end of every shift

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Housekeeping

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Remove all nails from timber before stacking

Stack and level timber on solidly supported bracing

Ensure that stacks are stable and self‐supporting

Do not store pipes and bars in racks that face main aisles to avoid creating a hazard to passerby when removing supplies

Stack bags and bundles in interlocking rows to keep them secure

Stack bagged material by stepping back the layers and cross‐keying bags at least every ten layers (to remove bags from the stack start from the top row first)

General Safety Regulation 8

Pg. 273

Stacking and

storage

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General stacking rules

• Keep storage areas free from accumulated materials that cause tripping, fires or explosions, or that may contribute to harbouring of rats and other vermin

• Piles of timber and rubble are ideal places for snakes to hide in

• Place stored materials inside buildings that are under construction at least 6m from hoist ways, or inside floor openings and at least 10m away from exterior walls

• Separate non‐compatible material

• Equip workers who work on stored grain in silos, hoppers or tanks with lifelines and harnesses

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Stacking methods

• Block Stacking – Stack square items in cube, making sure to secure them with strapping like wire or plastic shrink wrap

• Brick Stacking – To ensure even more security, turn each level of stack 90 degrees

• Pinwheel Stacking – For even more protection than brick pattern, turn each quadrant—not just each level—of items 90 degrees

• Irregular Stacking – When dealing with

irregularly shaped items, try adding sheets of plywood between each layer for added stability

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Stacking precautions

• Remove all nails from timber before stacking and do not stack more than 4,800mm high (if workers will be handling it manually)

• Stack and level timber on solidly supported bracing

• Ensure that stacks are stable and self‐supporting

• Avoid storing pipes and bars in racks that face main aisles to avoid creating a hazard to passerby when removing supplies

• Use tapered stacking (a bit like a pyramid, with the layers getting narrower the higher up they are) for bagged materials and be placed in interlocking rows and cross key bags at least every ten layers

• Stack bags and bundles in interlocking rows to keep them secure

• Remove bags from the stack start from the top row first

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Stacking

precautions

Store baled paper and rags inside building no closer than 45cm to walls, partitions or sprinkler heads

Store

Band boxed materials or secure them with cross‐ ties or shrink plastic fiber

Band

Stack drums, barrels and kegs symmetrically

Stack

Block bottom tiers of drums, barrels and kegs to keep them from rolling if stored on sides

Block

Place planks, sheets of plywood dunnage or pallets between each tier of drums, barrels and kegs to make firm, flat, stacking surface when stacking on end

Place

Chock bottom tier of drums, barrels and kegs on each side to prevent shifting in either direction when stacking two or more tiers high

Bottom

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Stacking precautions

• Stack and block poles as well as structural steel, bar stock and other cylindrical

materials to prevent spreading or tilting unless they are in racks

• Paint walls or posters with stripes to indicate maximum stacking heights for quick reference

• Observe height limitations when stacking materials

• Consider need for availability of material

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Additional considerations

• Fires and explosions

• Presence of pests

• Trips, slips and falls

• Obstruction of aisles and exits

• Poor ergonomics

• Making stacking and storage visual

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Shelving and racking

• Floors are sound and level

• Follow manufacturer's installation instructions

• Special safety ladders are provided to avoid people climbing on shelving

• Correct spacing to allow easy access for staff and, if

necessary, mechanical‐handling equipment such as forklift trucks

• Properly aligned and goods don't overhang shelves

• Correct maximum loads displayed

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Shelving and racking

• Personal protective equipment used

• items are stacked correctly ‐ put heaviest at bottom where possible

• Frequently used materials to be readily accessible ‐ for example, not above head height

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Pallets

Avoid:

• using pallet which cannot cope with load

• poorly designed or constructed pallets

• using damaged pallets

• using wrong type of pallet

• poor handling of pallets

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Storage methods ‐ waste

• Store waste in suitable containers

• Ensure disposal is handled by authorised organisation

• Dangerous or toxic waste is subject to additional regulation

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Storage methods ‐ timber

• On firm, level ground

• Do not exceed set height ratios

• Periodically inspected

• No loose materials on top

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Storage methods ‐ glass

• Stacking glass at correct angle

• Providing appropriate personal protective equipment where necessary

• Securing storage racks and ensuring these are not overloaded

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Storage methods ‐

textiles

• Store frequently used materials at convenient height

• Plan storage areas carefully to allow for maximum possible access to materials

• Dispose of obsolete stock

• Consider mechanical methods of handling and moving bales and rolls

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Storage methods ‐ food

• Observe temperature controls in all storage areas, including display cabinets

• Store dried food off floor

• Observe use‐by dates

• Ensure all areas are clean

• Avoid overloading refrigerated units ‐ if too full, air does not circulate properly, causing food to deteriorate

• Follow any storage instructions on food packaging

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Storing hazardous materials

• Store chemicals according to manufacturer's instructions on MSDS’s

Store

• Keep minimum quantity of

hazardous substances necessary

Keep

• Store incompatible substances separately

Store

• Prevent release or leakage of dangerous substances

Prevent

• Keep spill kit near to storage areas

Keep

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Controlling risks of hazardous materials

Train employees

to store and handle

hazardous substances

properly

Label storage containers

properly

Store flammable substances in suitable containers away from sources of

ignition

Place stores of

liquid above ground

where unlikely to

be damaged

Avoid overfilling containers

Supervise deliveries

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Controlling risks of hazardous materials

Maintain gauges, valves and pipework

Maintain

Have procedures for dealing with emergency leaks

Have

Use secondary containment system such as drip tray

Use

Monitor oil use ‐ unexpectedly high use may indicate leak

Monitor

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Storage of

chemicals

Flammable or combustible and not highly toxic and compatible with water

Flammable or combustible and not highly toxic and incompatible with water

Oxidizers and non‐flammables, compatible with water

Oxidizers and non‐flammables, incompatible with water

Air sensitive

Chemicals requiring refrigeration

Compressed gas cylinders, separated as to oxidizers, reducers, corrosives, toxics

Unstable chemicals (explosives)

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Example of stacking and

storage inspection checklist

pg. 283

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Lockout systems

Safety procedure used to ensure dangerous machines

properly shut off and not started up again prior to completion of maintenance or servicing work

Safety procedure used to ensure dangerous machines

properly shut off and not started up again prior to completion of maintenance or servicing work

Requires hazardous power sources be "isolated and rendered inoperative" before any repair procedure started

"Lock and tag" works with lock usually locking device or power source with hasp, and placing in such position that no

hazardous power sources can be turned on

"Lock and tag" works with lock usually locking device or power source with hasp, and placing in such position that no

hazardous power sources can be turned on

Requires tag be affixed to locked device indicating it should not be turned on

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Need for Lock out

• To minimize/manage risk of exposure to energy sources and hazardous substances.

• To prevent accidental/unlawful machine start‐up during maintenance or any other time.

• To comply with Minerals Act, Regulation 20 for mining industry

Lockout‐tagout (LOTO) or lock and tag should be done when

• Servicing and/or maintenance during normal production

• Parking equipment in hard park area

• When there is break down

• Leaving cab of vehicle or heavy equipment

• Refueling equipment

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Lock out tag out procedures

1. Preparation 2. Shutdown 3. Isolation

4. Lockout/Tagout

5. Stored energy check 6. Isolation verification

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European

Standard EN

50110‐1

Five security rules for working with electrical equipment

• Disconnect completely

• Secure against reconnection

• Verify installation is dead

• Carry out earthing and short‐circuiting

• Provide protection against adjacent live parts

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Review

Questions

1. Cite examples of good and poor housekeeping

2. What must be considered when stacking timber or lumber?

3. How would one safely store chemical substances?

4. How would one ensure the safe use of shelving to store materials?

5. Who should be responsible for lockout and tagout procedures?