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Detecting herbicide-resistant Apera spica-venti with a chlorophyll fluorescence agar test

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Table 1. Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. populations, seed origin, herbicide efficacy (HE, %), standard error (SE) in a greenhouse bioassay and resistance classification (RC) for pinoxaden and pyroxsulam according to Moss et al
Table 2. Concentrations of pinoxaden and pyroxsulam (nmol a.i.(active ingredient)/mL) in the laboratory study
Figure 1. Two resistant Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv. populations (A-R1; A-R2) 28 days after treatment with pinoxaden and pyroxsulam compared to their respective untreated control
Table 3. Calculated ED50 values (nmol a.i.(active ingredient)/mL) and standard errors (SE) of herbicides tested against Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv
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