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This course covers EMC Isilon’s Scale-out Storage Platform powered by the OneFS operating system. It also covers EMC Isilon’s product lines and broad range of options and software applications. This course is intended for anyone seeking to establish a basic understanding of the EMC Isilon platform.
This module describes EMC Isilon’s scale-out solution. Business requirements by industry are also presented along with information on how EMC Isilon meets these requirements.
Let’s start with Life Sciences research. Capacity and performance are two key considerations. Researchers plan for hundreds of terabytes to petabytes.
Storage systems can become a research bottleneck without the right level of performance. The ability to deliver high-performance data access in parallel to a large aggregate of clients is typically the determining factor for total processing time.
Most research facilities simply don’t have the staff to manage complex storage solutions. The management of an ideal storage system should not require any additional or dedicated workers.
The surveillance industry is interested in data security, in addition to massive storage capacity requirements. Protecting video surveillance data from accidental or malicious alteration or deletion is a must. Video streams, especially higher resolution and with longer
When it comes to financial institutions, speed and depth for performing quantitative analysis is vital in gaining a competitive edge. These analysis require high performance and scalability. Companies often can’t afford work stoppages or slowdowns to upgrade equipment.
The media and entertainment industry is made up of a variety of organizations and workflows. Broadcast organizations need to reduce capital and operational expenses for storage equipment. Post production companies need to store video and audio models with thousands of frames resulting in hundreds of terabytes of data. There is constant pressure to meet aggressive time to production deadlines, which adds complexity to management. Today, media file sizes continue to increase as resolutions grow from HD to 2K, 4K, and 8K, making scalability an important issue to consider.
With the technological advances in Healthcare applications, the data being generated is growing at an unprecedented rate. Applications are increasingly dense with millions of slides and 3D rendering. Having a storage system that can grow large enough to support these applications is challenging.
The different requirements for storage within the Healthcare environment are often solved by creating multiple "silos" of storage. Data with different retention guidelines or
performance needs cannot exist within the same storage system in traditional environments. Managing multiple, differentiated storage solutions for different departments requires a large IT workforce and is becoming increasingly difficult to manage.
There is a huge amount of data growth in the Oil and Gas industry as demand for energy has never been higher. In order to make the massive amounts of data useful, there are two key
In order to meet all the previous business requirements, a solution should be designed with the capability to scale capacity, memory, CPUs and networking by simply adding nodes to a cluster. Nodes can be added to the cluster whenever more performance, connectivity, or capacity is needed. The resources of all nodes are pooled to create a powerful aggregate system.
EMC Isilon provides highly scalable, ultra-high performance, modular storage systems. In storage systems with limited processing capabilities, there is a clear trade-off in terms of IOPS or throughput. In a scale-out system such as Isilon, a trade-off is not necessary; files and directories which require high IOPS can be optimized for such, whereas others which require high throughput can be optimized for throughput. EMC Isilon can control performance and layout characteristics on a per-file, per-directory basis as well as scale-out both CPU, cache memory, and disk in a single volume.
EMC Isilon scale-out storage solutions provide significant value in the areas of simplicity, scalability, performance, efficiency, data protection and security. Please take a moment to review these areas displayed on the slide.
EMC Isilon will meet any of the business and technical requirements.
Scalability - Many organizations face unpredictable storage and capacity requirements. EMC Isilon scale-out NAS solutions provide non-disruptive scale performance and capacity in the right combination, depending on the usage access pattern or content type.
Availability - EMC Isilon offers the industry's highest level of end-to-end data protection. By offering up to quadruple failure protection, EMC Isilon ensures that even if up to four nodes or drives fail simultaneously, 100% of your data is still available. Automatic replication of data to remote sites can be performed without impact on other network resources.
Complexity of the Environment - EMC Isilon is simple to buy, build, maintain, and grow. Its easy-to-manage scale out NAS significantly reduces TCO.
Administration of the Environment - With EMC Isilon scale out NAS you don't need to add storage administrators as your storage grows. One person can manage petabytes of data, minimizing operating expenditures and keeping the IT staff focused on managing their data,
up Network Attached Storage is the traditional file based storage platform. In a Scale-up technology, scalability is achieved by adding more disks. There is a physical limitation to number of disks that one can add to Scale-up NAS platform. There performance of a scale-up NAS platform can be improved only by replacing the processing sytems (NAS head / filer). EMC offers two scale-up NAS devices.
The EMC VNXe system is a unified block and file platform, specifically IP storage, i.e. iSCSI and the NAS protocols.
EMC VNX configurations may be file-only, block-only, or unified. Core IT applications with transactional workloads, such as Oracle, SQL, Exchange, or SharePoint are a good fit. Another good fit for VNX is tier 1 or 2 server virtualization & end user computing/VDI.
This module describes EMC Isilon’s network architecture and provides an introduction of the OneFS operating system.
This lesson covers an overview of each layer of the EMC Isilon clustering architecture, including EMC Isilon’s network topology.
EMC Isilon's distributed scale-out storage solution contains clustered nodes encapsulated in a private network. In a true scale-out architecture, the tasks are distributed uniformly across all nodes – enhancing scalability, access to data, performance, and availability. The EMC Isilon clustering architecture consists of four layers: the client/application layer, the external network layer, the storage layer, and the internal network layer. In the following slides we will review each layer.
EMC Isilon supports several client access protocols enabling user access to the files stored on a cluster. Multiple access protocols can be configured if a network supports many types of clients.
EMC Isilon provides operational flexibility that includes integrated support for a wide range of industry-standard protocols such as NFS, SMB, HTTP, FTP, and HDFS. The operational flexibility also allows for flexible client connection capabilities without client-side drivers. VMware integration, including VASA and VAAI APIs to simplify storage management in your virtualized infrastructure environment is also part of the flexibility. As is, a Platform REST API to enable integration with a wide range of third-party applications.
The External Network layer, also known as the front-end network, provides communication between clients and cluster nodes. EMC Isilon nodes support 1 Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet connections to the cluster.
The Internal Network Layer, also known as the back-end network, enables communication between nodes in a cluster. Communication over the internal network occurs through
InfiniBand connections. InfiniBand is a copper-based, point-to-point, interconnect available in 10 gigabits per second, 20 gigabits per second, and 40 gigabits per second. InfiniBand
delivers the extremely low latency that enables the nodes to seamlessly function in a single chassis. Using a switched star topology, each node in the cluster is only one hop away from any other node. While the cluster can operate on one InfiniBand switch, two switches are recommended for high availability.
The internal network acts as the backplane of the cluster, enabling each node to be part of the cluster.
The external network enables clients to access a node. OneFS supports network subnets, IP address pools, and network provisioning rules to facilitate the external network configuration process. OneFS supports both IPv4 and IPv6 address schemes. However, there are some external services such as Active Directory authentication and the internal InfiniBand network that still support only IPv4.
Redundant internal and external networks should be used for high availability. The primary internal InfiniBand network uses a second InfiniBand switch as a standby. Failover to the standby internal network takes place in the event of primary internal network failure or anytime a part on a node is disconnected.
EMC Isilon Storage includes all Isilon series nodes in a cluster. Each node in an cluster is a peer to every other node in the cluster. As each node is added to a cluster, it increases the aggregate disk, RAM, CPU, and network capacity of the cluster. The nodes address file requests from clients.
The key to EMC Isilon's storage cluster solution is the architecture of OneFS, which is a distributed clustered file system. A single file system spans across every node in a storage cluster and, as noes are added, that file system automatically redistributes content across the entire cluster. There is no single master device that controls the cluster. As the system writes data, it also protects the data at the specified protection level. The system
In scale-up NAS systems, the file system, volume manager, and the implementation of RAID are all separate entities. The file system is responsible for the higher level functions of authentication and authorization. The volume manager controls the layout of the data while RAID controls protection of the data.
OneFS creates a single file system for the cluster that also performs the duties of the volume manager and applies protection to the data. EMC Isilon uses software base protection algorithms instead of hardware based RAID. There is no partitioning, and no separate
volumes. The entire file system is accessible by clients connecting to any node in the cluster. By combining the file system, volume management, data protection, into one unified
software layer, management of the NAS environment is simplified. Since the single file system spans the entire cluster, management of a single namespace also simplifies administrative tasks like manually migrating data to rebalance content.
There are two ways to access the cluster. The first is the web administration interface and the second is the CLI. Both allow the administrator to monitor and manage the cluster.
If using the web administration interface, all an administrator must do is enter the IP address of one of the nodes into a web browser. The name of the cluster can also be used instead of the IP address. Once in the web administration interface, the administrator is able the monitor, configure, and manage the entire cluster from a single interface.
Through the command line interface, an admininstrator has access to the suite of isi
commands used to monitor and configure the cluster. The OneFS system is a free BSD-based Unix operating system
Traditional RAID systems are aggregated for scale up, they compromise on data protection by not being able to scale availability along with capacity growth. EMC Isilon uses a proprietary system job called FlexProtect, which detects and repairs files and directories that are in a degraded state. Protection is applied at the file level, not the block level.
FlexProtect distributes all data and protection information across the entire cluster and ensures that all data remains intact and accessible even in the event of one or more simultaneous drive failures. Protection settings can be changed without taking the cluster or file system offline. OneFS allows different protection levels on files, directories and node pools.
If a drive failure does occur, FlexProtect will only reprotect the actual data on disk and not the disk itself. This significantly improves recovery time. OneFS offers N+1 through N+4 data
Data and metadata in OneFS are striped or mirrored across all nodes in a cluster or node pool, which provides redundancy, availability, and in some cases performance benefits. There are two types of protection that comes with FlexProtect. Data may be protected using FEC (Forward Error Correction) or mirroring.
FEC is similar to how parity is used in traditional storage environments but is different. FEC information is distributed across nodes and across drives. In the event of a drive or node failure, the missing data is rebuilt from the mirror or calculated using the FEC and the remaining data.
Mirroring copies data to multiple locations therefore creating redundancy. With mirroring, you can have up to 8 copies of data in a single cluster, compared to only 1 with the
OneFS uses the backend InfiniBand network to automatically allocate and stripe data vertically across all nodes in the cluster. As the system writes the data, it is also protecting the data at the specified level. No separate action is necessary to protect the data.
The system breaks files into smaller logical chunks called stripes units before writing them to disk. Each OneFS block is 8 KB and a stripe unit consists of 16 blocks for a total of 128KB per stripe unit.
As the system writes data across the cluster, it fills the stripe units until the maximum width of the cluster is reached and a protection stripe unit is created. The stripe width is
determined by the number of nodes and the protection setting. With small files, due to the way that OneFS applies protection in a cluster with N+1 protection, files that are 128 KB or smaller are mirrored; in a cluster with N+2 protection, files are triple-mirrored; and so on.
The process of striping spreads all writes from a client across the nodes of a cluster. Even though a client is connected to only one node, when that client writes data to the cluster, the write operation takes place on multiple nodes.
The write process follows a certain flow:
• First, the Client sends file data as a write, which is received by the write coalescer on the client-connected node.
• Then, the node breaks the file in up to 128 KB stripe units and a write plan determines how to aggregate the data stripe units and calculates protection stripe units.
• Finally, stripe units are sent to participant nodes over the InfiniBand network to distribute the stripe and a write occur on each node.
When a file read is initiated by a client, the pieces of the files are fetched from the nodes where they are stored. A client is connected to only one node at a time; however the data is distributed across nodes on the cluster. The client's node retrieves and rebuilds the file across the back-end InfiniBand network. The reassembled file data is then sent from the client’s node to the requesting client through the external network.
The OneFS AutoBalance feature enables administrators to add capacity or performance nodes to an existing cluster while the system is online and in production.
Increasing the capacity or performance of a cluster is a simple three-step process First, Install the new node in the rack
Second, Attach the InfiniBand network cable connecting the nodes Lastly, Enter a command for OneFS to add the new node to the cluster
The Autobalance feature then automatically balances the node capacity across the InfiniBand network. No interruption of service or perfromance is experienced by the user.
EMC Isilon systems can be accessed by users on different platforms, with Windows and UNIX/Linux being the most common. Each OS has its own mechanism for assigning user identities, and assigning rights and permissions to users. A system capable of multi-protocol access must be able to allow simultaneous access to files from different platforms, and correctly determine which actions individual users are permitted to perform.
OneFS is optimized for a mixed environment in which any file or directory can be governed by either a Windows access control list (ACL) or UNIX permissions. Regardless of the security model, access rights are enforced consistently across access protocols; that is, a user is granted (or denied) the same rights to a file when using SMB (Windows file sharing) as they would when using NFS (POSIX file sharing). OneFS can configure both UNIX and Windows permissions on the cluster at the same time for the same data by storing Windows ACLs and POSIX mode bits natively.
This module covered the EMC Isilon clustering architecture including the network topology and the OneFS operating system.
This module describes EMC Isilon’s hardware, which includes storage nodes and accelerator nodes.
The are three different types of storage nodes: the S-Series, the X-Series, and the NL-Series. S-Series nodes are ultra-performance primary storage for high-transactional and IOPs-intensive applications that are for tier 0 and tier 1 workflows.
X-Series nodes make a balance between large capacity and high-performance storage. These nodes are best for high throughput and high concurrency applications for tier 1 and tier 2 workflows.
NL-Series nodes are designed to provide a cost-effective high density storage solution for tier 3 workflows that are accessed infrequently, but still must be stored and protected.
In addition to the storage nodes, EMC Isilon offers two accelerator nodes: Performance and Backup Accelerator nodes. The former adds CPU, memory and network resources to the cluster, while the latter adds CPU, memory, and Fibre Channel connectivity for connection to tape backup devices.
Storage solutions can be expensive. Tiering classifies data so that it can be stored in the appropriate cost efficient manner. In a tiered system, timely data that needs higher tiers needs faster, and more expensive, storage. In a simple 3-tiered system, tier 1 data is accessed often and is mission-critical. Tier 2 data may be used less frequently or may have fewer users, but it is still important data that users need in a timely manner. Tier 3 data is defined as seldom accessed data that is archived for historical or regulation purposes. Additionally, as the use of solid state drives, or SSDs, increases there is also a type of data that is so time-sensitive and critical to the business that it needs the most efficient storage type.
In an EMC Isilon storage cluster, you can combine SSD and SAS or SSD and SATA drives in one chassis to meet specific storage requirements. You can configure a cluster to keep metadata or data on SSDs, and even to use SSDs in one part of the cluster to store metadata for nodes that have no SSD drives.
The S-Series is purpose built for IOPS-intensive applications. It provides fast primary storage for mission critical, high transactional and random access file-based applications. S-Series nodes can use SSDs to store file system metadata, which improves performance for
metadata intensive operations, and to store latency-sensitive file data. You can combine SSD and SAS drives in one chassis to meet specific storage requirements and create a tier 0 for data tiering.
EMC Isilon S-Series nodes are suitable for digital media companies and financial institutions that need high-transactional IOPs for editing and post-production, as well as calculations for business analysis. Energy and surveillance organizations would also benefit from the S-series by using nodes for performance applications that need tier 0 and 1 storage.
The EMC Isilon X-Series is a flexible and comprehensive series that strikes the right balance between large capacity and high-performance storage. The EMC Isilon X-Series accelerates high concurrent and sequential throughput applications, speeding access to massive amounts of critical data, dramatically reducing the cost and complexity of managing and storing data.
There are two types available; the 4U X400 and the 2U X200 platforms. The X400 provides more capacity at a given performance level. This node would be ideal for someone who needs more capacity then performance according to the requirements they have provided. In the X200 space, this node is purchased because there are more performance
requirements than capacity. With the X200 there is also upgradability, SSDs can be added after the fact, and memory can be upgraded as well. The X400 cannot be upgraded or used with SSDs.
The NL-Series is purpose-built for large capacity storage, enabling near-line storage
performance at near-tape storage costs. High density, massive capacity and maximum cost per TB are the strengths of the NL-series. No SSDs are supported on this platform.
The EMC Isilon NL-Series is ideal for complementing and improving a company’s existing tape backup, archiving, data protection strategies, and provides economical storage. This series uses low cost SATA drives. NL-Series products have the flexibility to configure different drive sizes, memory, and network interfaces giving customers the ability to customize the EMC Isilon product based on the environment.
Performance Accelerators are diskless nodes which increase overall throughput, CPU memory, and networking support throughput workflows. By seamlessly adding a
Performance Accelerator to an existing EMC Isilon S-Series or X-Series cluster, you can add more than 400 MB/s of single stream throughout and up to 700 MB/s of concurrent throughput. Typically, one Performance Accelerator per storage node is recommended for supporting write-intensive applications. For read-intensive applications, up to three
Accelerators per storage node is recommended.
Backup Accelerators enable high-speed backup of file system data to locally attached tape libraries or media changer devices. The Backup Accelerator can be seamlessly added to any existing EMC Isilon cluster to deliver up to 480 MB/s of performance across four concurrent streams, speeding back-up operations and reducing the risk of business-critical data loss. It is used to pre-fetch data from the file system and across the InfiniBand network efficiently push the data to tape. Each Backup Accelerator can support up to four paths via Fiber Channel
With greater capacity, usually comes greater performance requirements across all storage. For unstructured and dynamic data, EMC Isilon’s clustered storage provides predictable growth with predictable performance.
The S-series platform is the answer for ultra-performance primary storage, purpose built for high IOPS-intensive random access file-based applications. The EMC Isilon X-Series, is the most flexible and comprehensive storage product line, striking the right balance between large capacity and high-performance storage. The NL series focuses on cost and capacity with much less attention paid to performance. The NL-Series combines high density and efficiency, with massive capacity capabilities.
This module covered EMC Isilon storage and accelerator nodes. Node types may be mixed in a cluster, and often will be in order to achieve the desired balance of performance and capacity. Performance may also be improved through the use of SSDs in some nodes.
This module focuses on EMC Isilon’s OneFS software modules which provide a robust suite of management applications.
SmartPools is a software module that enables administrators to define subgroups of nodes within a OneFS cluster. Using SmartPools, multiple tiers of EMC Isilon storage nodes can all co-exist within a single file system, with a single point of management. By using SmartPools, administrators can specify exactly which files they want to live on which particular nodes and disks.
SmartPools main components are node pools and file pools. Node pools are a set of nodes that you can group into a single pool of storage. File pools enable you to filter files and directories into specific node pools. File pool policies allow easy and powerful file
distribution among the tiers, cost alignment with aging or infrequently used content, and eliminate the need for data migrations.
SmartPools is recommended for organizations who have multiple storage tiers who wish to achieve cost efficiency in their storage system. Also, companies with multiple storage performance requirements and who want the ability to have individual files or sets of data on a specific storage tier. For example, clients that want to have older files on cheaper, slower, storage and newer, frequently accessed files on fast storage.
SnapshotIQ is a licensed data protection software module for EMC Isilon's OneFS operating system. A snapshot records a point in time snapshot of the data. Unlike a regular copy of data which takes significant space, snapshots only keep track of changed data blocks. In addition, SnapshotIQ has unlimited number of snapshots giving administrators another option to meet their organization's recovery point and recovery time objectives.
SnapshotIQ allows for the deletion of out of order snapshots and has been integrated with SmartPools giving the administrator the ability to store snap data on lower cost tiers of storage. Windows users may also use the ShadowCopy service to recover deleted files or directories.
SnapshotIQ allows users to easily recover files themselves. We also find use cases where customers have stringent data recovery requirements and want low-impact data protection. SnapshotIQ is a complement to a tape or archive solution, but should not be considered a substitute.
SyncIQ is a simple to manage file asynchronous replication tool that enables administrators to synchronize mission-critical data throughout a globally distributed network. SyncIQ delivers replication of files across multiple EMC Isilon clusters over the WAN or LAN. SyncIQ is the industry's only policy-based file replication system designed exclusively for scale-out storage, combining a rich set of policies for creating and scheduling storage replication jobs with bandwidth throttling and cluster utilization capabilities. Replication policies can be set at the cluster, directory, or file levels.
SyncIQ use cases include disaster recover, or DR, where we have a high-speed backup going across a WAN link, and availability where two or more copies of data are required across sites. This is often used for archiving where the production data is replicated to an offsite location, and tiered to tape from there. Another use case is content distribution where data is shared between sites.
SmartConnect is a client connection management module that enables client connections to be balanced across all nodes within an EMC Isilon cluster or across selected nodes for
security or performance reasons. It provides a single virtual host name for clients to connect. SmartConnect’s round robin method works on a rotating basis. As one node IP address is handed out, it moves to the end of the list; the next node IP address is the used, and so on. The advanced version of SmartConnect allows multiple network pools within one subnet. It supports Dynamic IP allocation and NFS failover. It allows for policy driven connection and failover based on metrics such as CPU utilization, throughput, and connection count.
In this example, all nodes are of one type. We’ll configure different access zones, and create a performance zone simply by creating a pool with the interfaces from the first set of nodes and giving it a different name. The high-performance clients then connect to a name associated with that pool, say performance.isilon.com.
We then create another pool associating the interfaces from the nodes on the bottom, and call that desktop.isilon.com, which will be used for general clients. We now have the ability to segment the load from different types of clients; the idea being to not allow desktop usage to impede any performance to the high-performance clients.
SmartQuotas is a feature that can provision, monitor, and report disk storage usage at the user, group, and directory levels. Administrators commonly use file system quotas as a method of tracking, and sometimes limiting, the amount of storage that a user, group, or a project is allowed to consume. SmartQuotas can send automated notifications when storage limits are exceeded or approached.
SmartQuotas allows for thin provisioning (also known as over-provisioning), enabling administrators to assign quotas above the actual cluster size. With thin provisioning, the cluster can be full while some users or directories are well under their quota limit.
Quotas are a useful way to ensure that a user or department does not infringe on the amount of storage that is allocated to other users or departments. Quotas are useful in enforcing an internal chargeback system, which is often found in the government and education industries.
SmartQuotas contain flexible reporting options that can help administrators analyze data usage statistics for their cluster. Both enforcement and accounting quotas are supported, and a variety of notification methods are available.
SmartLock provides policy-based retention and protection against accidental deletions. Many banks and financial institutions use this feature. Because SmartLock is a software-based approach to an enterprise file-level retention solution, you can store SmartLock-protected data alongside other data types with no effect on performance or availability, and without the added cost of purchasing and maintaining specialty file-level retention capable hardware. SmartLock is stored at the directory level and sets default retention times once.
The use cases for SmartLock are when organizations need data to remain available but unchanged over extended periods of time. Examples include core revenue-producing workflows, product designs, software schemas, and product component elements such as image files, digital masters, legal documents, and critical communications. Legislation may also require that data be kept unchanged for a specific time period.
InsightIQ provides performance and file system analytics to optimize applications, correlate workflow and network events, and accurately forecast future storage needs. It elaborates on drill-downs and breakouts and provides both historical and near-time data. It is a stand-alone virtual application that is not part of OneFS but sells as a separate product.
InsightIQ is useful for organizations who want an easy-to-use, yet powerful analytics tool. Companies who want to optimize their EMC Isilon storage clusters and the applications that use them without requiring professional services, and who want to offload processing of analytics from the storage system to a virtual appliance.
This module covered the additional software modules supported by OneFS and their various uses.
This course covered the EMC Isilon scale-out Storage Platform powered by the OneFS operating system. It introduced the EMC Isilon product lines and described the broad range of EMC Isilon options and software applications.
