iSeries
BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool
Version 5
SC41-5341-01
iSeries
BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool
Version 5
SC41-5341-01
Note
Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under “Notices” on page ix.
Second Edition (May 2001)
This edition applies to Version 5 Release 1 Modification 0 of the licensed program IBM Performance Tools for iSeries and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions.
This edition replaces SC41-5341-00. This edition applies only to reduced instruction set computer (RISC) systems. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1998, 2001. All rights reserved.
US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
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Contents
Figures
. . . vii
Notices . . . ix
Programming Interface Information. . . x
Trademarks . . . xi
About BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool
(SC41-5341) . . . xiii
Who should read this book . . . xiii
Prerequisite and related information . . . xiii
Operations Navigator . . . xiv
How to send your comments . . . xiv
Summary of Changes to BEST/1
Capacity Planning Tool (SC41-5341) . . xv
Chapter 1. Introduction to Capacity
Planning
. . . 1
How to Start BEST/1 . . . 1
The Capacity Planning Process . . . 2
When to Use Capacity Planning . . . 2
Significant Capabilities of the Capacity Planning Tool . . . 3
BEST/1 Performance Statistics . . . 5
BEST/1 Assumptions and Conditions . . . 6
Major Assumptions . . . 6
Major Conditions . . . 7
BEST/1 Modeling Process . . . 8
Major Options for Modeling with BEST/1 . . . . 9
Work with BEST/1 Models . . . 9
Basic User Level . . . 10
Advanced User Level . . . 11
Available Menu Options . . . 12
Capacity Planning Files and Usage . . . 16
Chapter 2. Workload Concepts . . . . 19
Job Classification . . . 19
BEST/1 Job Types . . . 20
Defining Work to the Model . . . 21
Workload Definition . . . 22
Function Definition . . . 24
Transaction Definition . . . 26
Non-interactive Transactions. . . 29
Example Showing Workloads, Functions and Transactions . . . 30
Specifying Objectives and Active Jobs . . . 32
Summary of Workloads, Functions, Transactions, and Objectives . . . 34
Chapter 3. Building a Model Using
Measured Data . . . 35
Selecting Data for Capacity Planning Measured Workloads . . . 35
Creating a Model Using Performance Data . . . . 36
Basic Method . . . 36
Advanced Method . . . 36
Classifying Jobs into Workloads . . . 39
Using the Default Job Classification . . . 40
Default Job Classification . . . 40
Defining a Job Classification . . . 41
How BEST/1 Handles Licensed Internal Code Tasks . . . 42
Assigning Jobs to Workloads by Job Type . . . 43
Assigning Jobs to Workloads by Job Name . . . 44
Assigning Jobs to Workloads by Communications 46 Specifying Paging Behaviors . . . 48
Defining Non-interactive Transactions . . . . 48
Creating the Model . . . 50
Mixing Workloads from Different Servers . . . . 51
Mixing Workloads from Different Servers—Example . . . 52
Chapter 4. Building a Model Using
Predefined Workloads . . . 55
Using Predefined Workloads. . . 55
Using BATCH Predefined Workloads . . . 57
Selecting Predefined Workload . . . 58
Chapter 5. System Configuration
. . . 61
Read Conversion . . . 62
System Configuration Menu . . . 62
Changing CPU and Other Resource Values . . . 63
Working with Disk Resources . . . 66
Editing ASPs . . . 66
Editing Main Storage Pools . . . 67
Working with Communications Resources . . . 68
Chapter 6. Model Analysis and
Calibration . . . 71
Verifying the Workloads . . . 74
Working with Functions . . . 76
Working with Transactions . . . 78
Verifying the Number of Active Jobs in the Workload . . . 79
Changing the application type . . . 82
Calibrating the Model . . . 84
Comparing Measured and Predicted Data . . . 85
Calibrating Response Time . . . 87
Calibrating Other Resources . . . 90
Model Analysis Results . . . 91
Analysis Summary . . . 92
Recommendations . . . 93
Workload Report . . . 94
ASP and Disk Arm Report . . . 96
Disk Resources Report. . . 96
Main Storage Pool Report . . . 97
Communications Resources Report . . . 98
Saving Results . . . 99
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2001
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Chapter 7. Modeling Changes to the
System . . . 101
Specifying Performance Objectives . . . 101
Editing Utilization Guidelines and Thresholds 102 Editing Sync Reads Guidelines . . . 103
Editing Paging Behavior Values . . . 104
Editing CISC-to-RISC Conversion Factors . . . 105
Performance Objectives for Interactive and Non-interactive Activity . . . 107
Analyzing the Model . . . 108
Modeling Workload Growth . . . 110
Growing a Workload Manually . . . 110
Specifying Growth for a Single Workload . . . 112
Growing a Workload Automatically . . . 114
Changing Functions and Transactions . . . . 116
Changing System Resources . . . 119
Automatic Hardware Changes with Manual Growth . . . 119
Changing CPU and Other Resource Values . . . 121
Selecting a CPU . . . 122
Selecting Main Storage Size. . . 123
Selecting Release Level . . . 124
Changing Disk Resources . . . 125
Changing ASP Disk Protection . . . 127
Changing Main Storage Pools . . . 128
Adjusting Activity Levels . . . 129
Changing Communications Resources . . . 129
Understanding Recommendations . . . 130
Exceptions . . . 131
Recommendations . . . 132
How Utilizations are Predicted . . . 133
Memory Modeling . . . 135
Memory Modeling Terminology . . . 136
Techniques for Achieving Effective Storage Recommendations . . . 139
Chapter 8. Selected Modeling Topics
145
Modeling Client Access . . . 145Strategy for Defining Workloads . . . 145
Reviewing the Number of Active Jobs in the New Model . . . 146
Reviewing the Workloads . . . 147
Analyzing the Client Access Model . . . 148
Understanding Results . . . 148
Modeling Non-interactive Work . . . 149
Defining Non-Interactive Transactions . . . . 149
Modeling Interactive Transactions Linked to Non-Interactive. . . 150
Modeling Batch . . . 154
Isolation of Batch into an Independent Workload. . . 154
Special Considerations when you collect data 155 Inclusion of Batch in CPU Model Recommendation . . . 156
Calibrating *BATCHJOB Workloads . . . 156
Predicting Batch Transaction Throughput Example . . . 157
Batch Window Modeling . . . 160
Basic Procedure for Batch Window Modeling 160 Communications Support . . . 161
Hardware Characteristics . . . 162
Communications Configuration . . . 165
Distribution of Characters Transferred Across Line Resources . . . 170
Modeling Data Protection . . . 172
Comparing Performance for Data Protection Methods . . . 172
Additional Modeling Considerations for 9337 Disk Array Subsystem . . . 173
Modeling Transitions Between CISC and RISC . . 175
Modeling ASPs and Journaling . . . 177
Modeling Release Level Performance Improvements . . . 178
Chapter 9. Capacity Planning
Examples . . . 181
Performance Tips When Doing″What-if...?″ Analysis . . . 181
Creating a BEST/1 Model from Performance Data . . . 182
Creating a Model from Existing Performance Data—Basic . . . 184
Creating a Model from Existing Performance Data—Advanced . . . 188
Adding Throughput to an Existing System . . 197
Projecting Future System Needs as a Result of Overall System Growth . . . 208
Graphing Results . . . 211
Displaying Graphs from the Current Model . . 211
Displaying Graphs from a Previous Model . . 213
Creating Your Own Graphs. . . 215
Adding a Newly Announced CPU to the Hardware Characteristics File . . . 218
Leaving the Current Model . . . 227
Chapter 10. Printing Model Reports
and Graphs . . . 229
Printed Reports. . . 229
Sample Printed Output . . . 229
Analysis Summary Report . . . 229
Recommendations Report . . . 230
Workload Report . . . 230
ASP and Disk Arm Report . . . 231
Disk Resources Report . . . 231
Main Storage Pool Report . . . 231
Comm Resources Report . . . 231
Model Report . . . 232
Analysis Parameters . . . 234
Graph Format . . . 235
Graphical Output . . . 235
Changing the Axis Range . . . 238
Graphing a Single Set of Model Results . . . 238
Overlaying Graphs of Two Results . . . 239
Printing Graphs in BEST/1 . . . 241
Plotting Graphs in BEST/1 . . . 242
Sample Custom Graphs . . . 243
Appendix A. BEST/1 Workload Groups
for Capacity Planning . . . 249
COMMERCIAL Workload Group . . . 249 ||
SQL RTW Workload . . . 250
RTW Transaction Details . . . 250
RTW Transaction Summary. . . 255
RTW Tables and Indexes . . . 255
SPOOL Workload Group . . . 257
BATCH Workload Group . . . 257
Background batch server . . . 257
Commercial Orders . . . 258
Development . . . 258
Complex Query . . . 259
Summary Query (medium complexity) . . . . 259
Sort Query (medium complexity) . . . 259
OFFICE Workload Group . . . 260
SERVER Workload Group . . . 263
Client/Server Simple OLTP. . . 263
Client/Server Medium OLTP (DQ) . . . 264
Heavy USF/400 Multimedia User . . . 264
Heavy Image Slide Show (Shared Folders). . . 264
Heavy Image Slide Show (IPCS) . . . 264
Heavy Image and Audio Slide Show . . . . 265
Medium Continuous Video (Shared Folders) . . 265
Medium Continuous Video (FSIOP) . . . 265
INDUSTRY Workload group . . . 265
Appendix B. Query to Print JOB/TASK
Types and CPU Utilization . . . 267
Appendix C. Converting BEST/1
Models and Migrating Data
. . . 271
Configuration Changes to Pre-V4R2 BEST/1 Models . . . 271
System/36 Migration Utility . . . 272
Migration Utility Instructions for the System/36 MIGUTL Procedure . . . 273
Example of Migrating System/36 Measured Data . . . 274
Appendix D. BEST/1 Principles . . . . 279
Response Time Variation . . . 281
Appendix E. Manual Batch Window
Modeling . . . 283
Basic Concepts and Formulas . . . 283
Queuing Multipliers . . . 283
Example . . . 284
Relative CPU Power Table . . . 287
Appendix F. Externally Described Files 289
Appendix G. Graphic Support
Variables . . . 309
X-axis Variables . . . 309
Y-axis Variables. . . 310
Appendix H. BEST/1 Hardware Name
Mapping
. . . 313
Appendix I. Building Performance
Profiles . . . 317
Five Steps to Enabling Proper System Sizing . . . 317
Data Collection . . . 317
Create Baseline Model . . . 317
Verify Baseline Model . . . 318
Workload and Hardware Changes . . . 318
Use the Model for Future System Sizings . . . 319
Sending the Performance Profiles to IBM . . . . 319
Appendix J. Upgrading CISC-to-RISC
Example
. . . 321
Manual Upgrade to a RISC System . . . 325
Automatic Upgrade to a RISC System . . . 328
Determining Which Conversion Factors to Use . . 328
Appendix K. Tuning Performance
Improvement Factors . . . 335
Traditional Commercial Transaction Processing Applications. . . 335
Communications Environments . . . 335
Compile Environments . . . 336
Save/Restore Environments . . . 336
Appendix L. Untranslated Messages
337
Bibliography . . . 339
Index . . . 341
Figures
1. BEST/1 for the AS/400 Main Menu . . . 1
2. The Modeling Process . . . 2
3. Range of Results Using the BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool . . . 7
4. Work with BEST/1 Models Display . . . . 10
5. Work with BEST/1 Model Menu—Basic User Level . . . 11
6. Work with BEST/1 Model Menu—Advanced User Level . . . 11
7. Work with Results Display . . . 13
8. More BEST/1 Options Menu . . . 15
9. Relationship of Jobs to BEST/1 Workloads 17 10. Edit Job Classifications by Job Type Example 20 11. Assign Jobs to Workloads by Job Type Example . . . 20
12. Workload Components of a Model . . . 22
13. Change Workload Display . . . 25
14. Change Function Display . . . 26
15. Change Transaction - Process Heavy Mail 27 16. Define Non-Interactive Transactions Display 30 17. Create Workload Display . . . 31
18. Change Function - Process Heavy Mail 31 19. Change Transaction - Process Heavy Mail 32 20. Specify Objectives and Active Jobs . . . 33
21. BEST/1 Relationship of Workload Components 34 22. Create BEST/1 Model from Performance Data—Basic . . . 36
23. Create BEST/1 Model from Performance Data—Advanced . . . 37
24. Select Sample Periods . . . 38
25. Select Sample Periods . . . 39
26. Job Classification Menu . . . 40
27. Specify Job Classification Category . . . 42
28. Assigning Jobs to Workloads by Job Type 43 29. Specify Job Classification Category . . . 46
30. Specify Job Classification Category . . . 47
31. Assign Jobs to Workloads . . . 47
32. Specify Paging Behaviors . . . 48
33. Define Non-Interactive Transactions Display 49 34. Define Non-interactive Transactions . . . . 50
35. Creation of the Model . . . 51
36. Select Predefined Workload - Batch Modeling Example . . . 58
37. Select a Predefined Workload Group . . . . 59
38. Select a Predefined Workload . . . 59
39. Create Workload Display . . . 60
40. Work with Configuration Member Display 61 41. Configuration Main Menu . . . 63
42. Change CPU and Other Resource Values 64 43. Specify other logical partitions . . . 65
44. Working with Disk Resources . . . 66
45. Editing ASP Data Protection . . . 67
46. Editing Main Storage Pools . . . 68
47. Work with Communications Resources 68 48. Work with BEST/1 Model Display . . . 71
49. Work with BEST/1 Model Flow Chart—Advanced User Level . . . 73
50. Work with Workloads Validation Example 75 51. Change Workload . . . 76
52. Change Function . . . 77
53. Work with Transactions Display. . . 78
54. Change Transaction Details . . . 79
55. Validate Model Objectives. . . 81
56. Select Application Type . . . 83
57. Measured and Predicted Comparison Display 86 58. Measured and Predicted Comparison for Calibration . . . 88
59. Measured and Predicted Comparison (After Calibration) . . . 89
60. Display (Change) the Transaction Detail After Calibration . . . 90
61. Work with BEST/1 Model - Calibrate Model 91 62. Work with Results Model Analysis . . . 92
63. Analysis Summary Display for Calibration 93 64. Model Recommendations . . . 94
65. Model Workload Report . . . 95
66. Model Workload Report - Response Time Components . . . 95
67. Disk ASP and Disk Arm Report . . . 96
68. Disk Resources Report . . . 97
69. Main Storage Report . . . 98
70. Communications Resource Report . . . 99
71. Save Current Results . . . 100
72. Analysis Parameters Menu . . . 101
73. Changing Analysis Guidelines . . . 102
74. Edit Sync Reads Guidelines . . . 103
75. CISC and RISC Guidelines and Thresholds 104 76. Edit Paging Behavior Values . . . 105
77. Edit CISC-to-RISC Conversion Factors 106 78. Specify Objectives and Active Jobs . . . . 108
79. Work with BEST/1 Model Display . . . . 109
80. Work with BEST/1 Model . . . 110
81. Specify Growth of Workload Activity 111 82. Work with Results . . . 112
83. Display New Objectives . . . 113
84. Display Recommendations Display . . . . 113
85. Work with BEST/1 Model Display . . . . 114
86. Work with Results . . . 115
87. Display Analysis Summary . . . 115
88. Display Analysis Display for Multiple Points 116 89. Change Function Display . . . 117
90. Change Transaction Display. . . 118
91. Edit Transactions Display . . . 119
92. Manual Growth - Display Results of Automatic Hardware Upgrade . . . 120
93. Manual Growth - Graph of Automatic Hardware Upgrade . . . 121
94. Change CPU and Other Resource Values 122 95. CPU Selection . . . 123
96. Selecting Main Storage Size . . . 124
97. Selecting Release Level . . . 124
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2001
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98. Working with Disk Resources . . . 126
99. Select Resources to Change Features . . . . 127
100. Changing ASP Data Protection . . . 127
101. Changing Main Storage Pools . . . 128
102. Changing Communications Resources 130 103. Display Recommendations . . . 131
104. Resident Set vs. Page Faults or Sync Reads 137 105. Relative Change in Resident Set Size 138 106. Synchronous Reads/Transaction vs. Resident Set Size . . . 139
107. Change Paging Behavior Display . . . 139
108. Editing Sync Reads Guidelines . . . 140
109. Resident Sets with Paging Exponents 142 110. Client Access Example Assign Job Types to Workloads . . . 146
111. Display Objectives of Newly Created Model 147 112. Review Workloads . . . 147
113. Review CA4 Workload . . . 148
114. Define Non-interactive Transactions . . . . 150
115. Work with Workloads. . . 151
116. Change Workload . . . 151
117. Work with Functions . . . 152
118. Change Function . . . 152
119. Work with Transactions . . . 153
120. Create Transaction . . . 153
121. Create Model from Performance Data - Batch Run Time . . . 157
122. Edit Job Classifications - Batch Run Time 158 123. Specify Objectives - Batch Run Time . . . . 159
124. Display Workload Report - Batch Run Time 159 125. More BEST/1 Options Menu . . . 162
126. Hardware Characteristics Menu . . . 163
127. Work with Communications IOP Features 163 128. Work with Line Speeds . . . 164
129. Specify Connections to Comm IOPs . . . . 165
130. Work with BEST/1 Model Menu . . . 166
131. Configuration Menu . . . 167
132. Work with Communications Resources 167 133. Create Multifunction IOP . . . 168
134. Create IOP . . . 168
135. Create Communications Lines . . . 170
136. Specify Chars to Comm Line Resources 171 137. Change CPU Model Display . . . 179
138. Specify Performance Improvements Display 179 139. Creating a BEST/1 Model—Basic . . . 184
140. Select Sample Periods . . . 186
141. Work with BEST/1 Model Menu—Basic Scenario . . . 187
142. Select Sample Periods . . . 191
143. Analysis Summary Report . . . 230
144. Recommendations Report . . . 230
145. Workload Report . . . 230
146. ASP and Disk Arm Report . . . 231
147. Disk Resources Report . . . 231
148. Main Storage Pool Report . . . 231
149. Communications Resources Report . . . . 231
150. Printout of Model Detail — Part 1 . . . . 232
151. Printout of Model Detail — Part 2 . . . . 233
152. Printout of Model Detail — Part 3 . . . . 233
153. Analysis Parameters . . . 234
154. Printout of Graph Format Details . . . 235
155. IBM-Supplied Graph Formats . . . 236
156. BEST/1 Create Graph Format . . . 237
157. BEST/1 Graphic Support Variables . . . . 237
158. Change Axis Ranges Display . . . 238
159. Single Results, Multiple Workload Graph Example . . . 239
160. Overlay, Multiple Workload Graph Example 240 161. Specify Printer . . . 241
162. Change Printer Options . . . 242
163. Specify Plotter . . . 243
164. Disk Utilization by Total Workload . . . . 244
165. Disk IOP Utilization by Total Workload 244 166. CPU Utilization by Non-Interactive Throughput . . . 245
167. CPU Utilization by Interactive Throughput 245 168. Response Time versus Interactive Throughput 246 169. Response Time by Workload . . . 246
170. CPU Utilization Component Breakdown 247 171. Sample Bar Chart . . . 247
172. Query 1 . . . 267
173. Query 1 . . . 268
174. Query 1 . . . 268
175. Query 2 (page 1 of 2) . . . 269
176. Query 2 (page 2 of 2) . . . 269
177. Sample Query Output (edited for clarity) 270 178. Estimating the Queuing Multiplier . . . . 279
179. Queuing Multiplier for Given Utilization of the Resource . . . 280
180. General Batch Run Time Formula . . . 283
181. Detailed Batch Run Time Formula . . . . 283
182. CPU Queuing Multiplier Formula. . . 284
183. Disk Queuing Multipliers . . . 284
184. SQL Query to Calculate PDIO - Batch Run Time . . . 284
185. Non-Interactive Workload - One Batch Job Selected . . . 285
186. Resource Utilization Expansion - One Batch Job Selected . . . 285
187. Resource Utilization Expansion - All Jobs 285 188. Disk Utilization - Batch Run Time. . . 286
189. Batch Example: Relative CPU Performance Multipliers . . . 288
190. RIXCXX01 Model . . . 322
191. Analysis Summary Report . . . 327
192. Recommendations Report . . . 327
193. Analysis Summary Report . . . 331
194. Recommendations Report . . . 332 195. Analysis Summary Report–*NORMAL 333 196. Analysis Summary Report–*TRNNORM1 333
Notices
This information was developed for products and services offered in the U.S.A. IBM may not offer the products, services, or features discussed in this document in other countries. Consult your local IBM representative for information on the products and services currently available in your area. Any reference to an IBM product, program, or service is not intended to state or imply that only that IBM product, program, or service may be used. Any functionally equivalent product, program, or service that does not infringe any IBM intellectual property right may be used instead. However, it is the user’s responsibility to evaluate and verify the operation of any non-IBM product, program, or service.
IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter described in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. You can send license inquiries, in writing, to: IBM Director of Licensing
IBM Corporation 500 Columbus Avenue Thornwood, NY 10594 U.S.A.
For license inquiries regarding double-byte (DBCS) information, contact the IBM Intellectual Property Department in your country or send inquiries, in writing, to: IBM World Trade Asia Corporation
Licensing
2-31 Roppongi 3-chome, Minato-ku Tokyo 106, Japan
The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any other country where such provisions are inconsistent with local law:
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimer of express or implied warranties in certain transactions, therefore, this statement may not apply to you.
This information could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. IBM may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this publication at any time without notice.
Licensees of this program who wish to have information about it for the purpose of enabling: (i) the exchange of information between independently created programs and other programs (including this one) and (ii) the mutual use of the information which has been exchanged, should contact:
IBM Corporation
Software Interoperability Coordinator 3605 Highway 52 N
Rochester, MN 55901-7829 U.S.A.
Such information may be available, subject to appropriate terms and conditions, including in some cases, payment of a fee.
The licensed program described in this information and all licensed material available for it are provided by IBM under terms of the IBM Customer Agreement or any equivalent agreement between us.
Any performance data contained herein was determined in a controlled
environment. Therefore, the results obtained in other operating environments may vary significantly. Some measurements may have been made on development-level systems and there is no guarantee that these measurements will be the same on generally available systems. Furthermore, some measurement may have been estimated through extrapolation. Actual results may vary. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment.
This information contains examples of data and reports used in daily business operations. To illustrate them as completely as possible, the examples include the names of individuals, companies, brands, and products. All of these names are fictitious and any similarity to the names and addresses used by an actual business enterprise is entirely coincidental.
COPYRIGHT LICENSE:
This information contains sample application programs in source language, which illustrates programming techniques on various operating platforms. You may copy, modify, and distribute these sample programs in any form without payment to IBM, for the purposes of developing, using, marketing or distributing application programs conforming to the application programming interface for the operating platform for which the sample programs are written. These examples have not been thoroughly tested under all conditions. IBM, therefore, cannot guarantee or imply reliability, serviceability, or function of these programs. You may copy, modify, and distribute these sample programs in any form without payment to IBM for the purposes of developing, using, marketing, or distributing application programs conforming to IBM’s application programming interfaces.
If you are viewing this information softcopy, the photographs and color illustrations may not appear.
Programming Interface Information
This publication is intended to help you to achieve high system performance. This publication documents General-Use Programming Interface and Associated Guidance Information provided by Performance Tools for iSeries (5722-PT1) and Operating System/400 (5722-SS1).
General-Use programming interfaces allow the customer to write programs that obtain the services of Performance Tools for iSeries (5722-PT1) and Operating System/400 (5722-SS1).
This publication documents Product-Sensitive Programming Interface and Associated Guidance Information.
Product-Sensitive programming interfaces allow the customer installation to perform tasks such as diagnosing, modifying, monitoring, repairing, tailoring, or tuning of this IBM software product. Use of such interfaces creates dependencies on the detailed design or implementation of the IBM software product.
Product-Sensitive programming interfaces should be used only for these specialized purposes. Because of their dependencies on detailed design and implementation, it is to be expected that programs written to such interfaces may need to be changed in order to run with new product releases or versions, or as a result of service.
Trademarks
The following terms are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, or other countries, or both:
Advanced Function Printing AFP Application System/400 APPN AS/400 Client Series e (Stylized) GDDM IBM
Intelligent Printer Data Stream IPDS iSeries iSeries 400 MVS OfficeVision/400 Operating System/400 OS/2 OS/400 PowerPC AS PS/2 SAA System/370 System/36
Systems Application Architecture Ultimedia
400
Other company, product, and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.
About BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool (SC41-5341)
This book provides information about the capacity planning tool, BEST/1. This book describes how to:
v Model current system performance.
v Predict hardware upgrades needed to meet current performance objectives. v Predict future hardware needs based on business growth projections. v Predict performance of additional or changed applications.
Who should read this book
This manual is intended for those responsible for managing the performance of iSeries servers. To use this manual effectively, you should know the following: v General system performance concepts such as response time and throughput. v How to collect performance data. Refer to the Performance overview topic in the
V5R1 iSeries Information Center for information on Collection Services. v Basic system tuning concepts such as activity level and pool size. v How to use Performance Tools commands, such as Print System Reports
(PRTSYSRPT command) and Analyze Performance Data (ANZPRFDTA command).
Some chapters might be more appropriate than others, depending on your level of expertise. The following list is a suggestion for how to use this manual.
v Getting Started
Chapter 1,″Introduction to Capacity Planning,″ Chapter 2, ″Workload Concepts,″ and Chapter 9,″Capacity Planning Examples.″
v Basic Information
Chapter 3,″Building a Model Using Measured Data,″ Chapter 4, ″Building a Model Using Predefined Workloads,″ Chapter 5, ″System Configuration,″ and Chapter 6,″Model Analysis and Calibration.″
v Advanced Techniques
Chapter 7,″Modeling Changes to the System″ and Chapter 8, ″Selected Modeling Topics.″
Prerequisite and related information
Use the iSeries Information Center as your starting point for looking up iSeries and AS/400e technical information. You can access the Information Center two ways: v From the following Web site:
http://www.ibm.com/eserver/iseries/infocenter
v From CD-ROMs that ship with your Operating System/400 order:
iSeries Information Center, SK3T-4091-00. This package also includes the PDF versions of iSeries manuals, iSeries Information Center: Supplemental Manuals, SK3T-4092-00, which replaces the Softcopy Library CD-ROM.
The iSeries Information Center contains advisors and important topics such as CL commands, system application programming interfaces (APIs), logical partitions,
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2001
xiii
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clustering, Java, TCP/IP, Web serving, and secured networks. It also includes links to related IBM Redbooks and Internet links to other IBM Web sites such as the Technical Studio and the IBM home page.
With every new hardware order, you receive the following CD-ROM information: v iSeries 400 Installation and Service Library, SK3T-4096-00. This CD-ROM contains
PDF manuals needed for installation and system maintenance of an IBM~ iSeries 400 server.
v iSeries 400 Setup and Operations CD-ROM, SK3T-4098-00. This CD-ROM contains IBM iSeries Client Access Express for Windows and the EZ-Setup wizard. Client Access Express offers a powerful set of client and server capabilities for
connecting PCs to iSeries servers. The EZ-Setup wizard automates many of the iSeries setup tasks.
For related information, see the “Bibliography” on page 339.
Operations Navigator
IBM iSeries Operations Navigator is a powerful graphical interface for managing your iSeries and AS/400e servers. Operations Navigator functionality includes system navigation, configuration, planning capabilities, and online help to guide you through your tasks. Operations Navigator makes operation and administration of the server easier and more productive and is the only user interface to the new, advanced features of the OS/400 operating system. It also includes Management Central for managing multiple servers from a central server.
For more information on Operations Navigator, see the iSeries Information Center.
How to send your comments
Your feedback is important in helping to provide the most accurate and
high-quality information. If you have any comments about this book or any other iSeries documentation, fill out the readers’ comment form at the back of this book. v If you prefer to send comments by mail, use the readers’ comment form with the
address that is printed on the back. If you are mailing a readers’ comment form from a country other than the United States, you can give the form to the local IBM branch office or IBM representative for postage-paid mailing.
v If you prefer to send comments by FAX, use either of the following numbers: – United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico: 1-800-937-3430
– Other countries: 1-507-253-5192
v If you prefer to send comments electronically, use one of these e-mail addresses: – Comments on books:
– Comments on the iSeries Information Center: [email protected]
Be sure to include the following:
v The name of the book or iSeries Information Center topic. v The publication number of the book.
v The page number or topic to which your comment applies. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Summary of Changes to BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool
(SC41-5341)
There were no functional enhancements to BEST/1 in V5R1. However, revisions to the V5R1 documentation include the following:
v CL commands were removed from Appendix F and moved to the iSeries Information Center.
v The Collection Services QAPMxxxx files are available from the Performance overview topic in the iSeries Information Center. These files previously resided in the Work Management book, Appendix A.
v Support for the following performance monitor commands was withdrawn in V5R1:
– Start Performance Monitor (STRPFRMON) – End Performance Monitor (ENDPFRMON) – Start Performance Collection (STRPFRCOL) – End Performance Collection (ENDPFRCOL) – Work with Performance Collection (WRKPFRCOL) – Add Performance Collection (ADDPFRCOL) – Change Performance Collection (CHGPFRCOL)
Note: You can still use the Performance Tools reports for data that was collected by the performance monitor in releases prior to V5R1.
In many occurrences in the book we mention both the performance monitor and Collection Services as methods for collecting performance data. Prior to V5R1, the performance monitor used the QAPMJOBS file for storing data. Collection Services does not create the QAPMJOBS file. Instead, the QAPMJOBL file is provided for compatibility with the performance monitor and combines data from the
QAPMJOBMI file and the QAPMJOBOS file. The QAPMJOBS file is created when the performance monitor database files are migrated with the Convert Performance Data (CVTPFRDTA) command to a newer release. Therefore, you will find
occurrences where we refer to both the QAPMJOBS file and the QAPMJOBL file.
The enhancements to BEST/1 in V4R4 include the following:
v The effects of ASP-based data compression are modeled explicitly. You can specify whether arms in an ASP have compression turned on or off. – An ASP compression flag exists for each ASP in the model that indicates
whether or not compression is active for any arms that support compression that are assigned to that ASP. You can change the value of these flags to model the effect of having compression active or not having it active. – The Create Disk Drive Feature display and the Change Disk Drive Feature
display contain a new field that indicates what the compression overhead is. – The Work with Disk Drive Features display and the Select Disk Drive Feature
display contain a new column for compression overhead. This field represents the additional percentage of service time when compression is active for an ASP with arms of this drive feature. For example, if this value is 10%, and your model contains an arm of this type assigned to an ASP that has compression active, and the arm service time is 6 milliseconds, then the analysis treats the arm as if it has a service time of 6.6 milliseconds.
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2001
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– You will find no indication on the Work with Disk Resources display or the disk version of the Change Disk Resources display as to whether or not compression is active for a particular arm.
v Logical partitioning support. BEST/1 models the performance of an individual logical partition based on the number of processors, main storage, and various I/O devices that are assigned to that partition.
– On the Change CPU Model display, the Maximum logical partitions field represents the maximum number of logical partitions that this CPU model supports. This number cannot be greater than the number of processors. CPU models that do not support logical partitioning have a value of 1 for this field.
– On the Change CPU and the Other System Values display, the Active Processors field shows the number of active processors in the current logical partition. F9 (Specify other logical partitions) is a new function key that shows the Specify Other Logical Partitions display.
– The Specify Other Logical Partitions display shows the configuration resources that are currently attached to the server but are attached to other partitions. These resources are also available to move to the current partition. See “Specifying other logical partitions” on page 64 for additional information. – A new Processors field is added to the Configuration display and shows a
value between 1 and 99. When the CPU supports logical partitions, the field shows active processors per total processors. For example, you would see 2/4 in the Processors field. When the CPU does not support logical partitions, the field shows only the total number of processors.
v Support for main storage pools was increased from 16 to 64.
v CPU names no longer consist of a 3-character model and a 4-character system feature code. The naming convention for CPU names consists of a 3-character model, followed by a 4-character processor feature code and a 4-character interactive processor feature code. Each CPU has a unique 7-character system feature code, but you should be familiar with the new 11-character name. BEST/1 did not change the displays that contain the 7-character CPU information. Instead, BEST/1 issues a message that identifies the 7-character system feature code and the longer name: BEST/1 CPU model xxx yyyy refers to IBMCPU model xxx zzzz-zzzz.
v BEST/1 now supports threads. In previous releases, BEST/1 considered threads as part of the same job.
v I/O distribution within an ASP is modeled based on the capacity of each disk arm. For example, if your ASP has a 1 GB arm and a 2 GB arm, the 2 GB arm will receive twice as many I/Os as the 1 GB arm.
v You can specify different disk utilization guidelines for each ASP in your model. These guidelines are specified in each model on the Edit ASP display, which is accessed from the Configuration menu.
The enhancements to BEST/1 in V4R5 include the following:
v Support for PCI nodes. Support for this new bus architecture is included in configuration checking, correcting, and recommendations. The number of available PCI slots is used when determining how many PCI-based IOPs can be added to a system.
v You can model differences in workload scaling across CPU models by specifying an application type at the transaction level. Each application type has a
performance adjustment factor for each CPU model. This factor is applied during analysis because a single CPU performance rating is no longer sufficient | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
to indicate how workloads will scale across CPU models. You can access the application type information by using any one of the following:
– F13 (Select application type) from the Create Workload display – F13 (Select application type) from the Change Workload display – F17 (Application types) from the Edit Transactions display See “Changing the application type” on page 82 for details.
Summary of Changes to BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool (SC41-5341)
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Chapter 1. Introduction to Capacity Planning
Capacity planning is an ongoing process used to determine current system performance and future data processing needs. This process began before you installed your system. Your data processing requirements were estimated using data from reference accounts, system sizing guides, and recommendations from BEST/1, the capacity planning tool.
How to Start BEST/1
From the AS/400 Main Menu, type the Start BEST/1 (STRBEST) command to start BEST/1. The BEST/1 for the AS/400 main menu appears, as shown in Figure 1.
Notes:
1. When you use the STRBEST command to obtain the BEST/1 for the AS/400 menu, you can optionally specify a member name and library name. BEST/1 records session activity in this member, if specified. If a member name is specified, the file containing this member is QACYLOGS in the library specified.
2. You can also optionally specify that the user level is *BASIC, instead of the default user level of *ADVANCED. When using the STRBEST command, the default for the user level is *ADVANCED. When using GO PERFORM to start BEST/1, the default for the user level is *BASIC.
3. When you specify STRBEST LIB, BEST/1 uses any hardware-characteristic information in library LIB. In most cases, you should ensure that no hardware table exists in the specified library or do not specify a library on the STRBEST command. When you do this, you use the latest table in library QPFR.
BEST/1 for the AS/400 Select one of the following:
1. Work with BEST/1 models
5. Create BEST/1 model from performance data 10. Work with results
50. General information and tutorial 60. More BEST/1 options
Selection or command
===> 1__________________________________________________________________ F3=Exit F4=Prompt F9=Retrieve F12=Cancel F21=Basic user level
Figure 1. BEST/1 for the AS/400 Main Menu
© Copyright IBM Corp. 1998, 2001
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The Capacity Planning Process
In its simplest form, using BEST/1 is a three-step process:
1. Measure the performance data. Collect the performance data with Collection Services.
2. Analyze the BEST/1 model. Create a representative model of the performance data with the Create BEST/1 Model (CRTBESTMDL) command. Then analyze the BEST/1 model to find bottlenecks and to predict future system changes with the Analyze BEST/1 Model (ANZBESTMDL) command in batch mode. You can also use the Start BEST/1 (STRBEST) command to use the product interactively to create and analyze the model.
3. Decide on the changes to make to the model. Perform “What-if...?” analysis and continue the analysis process until you are satisfied with the results.
When to Use Capacity Planning
After your system has been installed, you can continue the capacity planning process using BEST/1. Perform capacity planning in the following situations: v The system load grows. When you predict that the system load will increase in
the volume of transactions, first run Collection Services to gather performance data showing the current system load. Use this data to make projections as to the capability of the system’s present configuration to handle the additional volume. A good way to spot performance trends is by running Collection Services continuously and creating historical performance data with the Create Historical Data (CRTHSTDTA) command. You can then display the performance data graphically with the Display Historical Data (DSPHSTGPH) command. For more information on these commands, see the iSeries Information Center. v You anticipate changes to applications. If there are plans to make functional
changes to one or more applications on your system, you need to understand the effects of these changes. To analyze the effect of the changes, collect and analyze performance data on the current application. Measure the changed application in a prototype environment. The effects of the changes can then be easily determined.
v Current performance does not meet objectives. Conduct performance analysis if the end-user response time is longer, or if the total system throughput is less than the users need.You may want to turn to the advisor (ANZPFRDTA), a tool used to analyze data, to help you with performance analysis. See the Performance Tools for iSeries book for more information on the advisor. If you conduct
capacity planning with current system performance data, you can gain insight into problem areas (processing unit, disk, main storage, and so on).
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Figure 2. The Modeling Process
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v An application backlog exists. If you need to install additional applications, you need to predict their effects on the system. To do this, measure the current applications, and estimate the new applications using IBM-supplied workloads. Doing so provides you with data about the performance of the existing
applications, as well as information on the performance of the new applications. v Costs are becoming an issue. Use the output of capacity planning to assist you
in estimating what, if any, additional hardware or programming changes should be made to improve performance or throughput. You can also use capacity planning to estimate the effects of changes to hardware as well as to programs. With this data, you can decide how to improve performance while minimizing cost, both in time and money.
v You are installing another iSeries server. If the new server is to do the same type of work as your current server but at a different throughput level, measure your current server and use that data to predict what configuration will meet the new throughput level.
If the new server will do completely different work, use IBM-supplied workloads to predict the configuration.
Significant Capabilities of the Capacity Planning Tool
The most common use for a capacity planning tool is to enable the user to model the current server and then see what would happen if the server, the configuration, or the workload was changed. The user may want to know the effect on
throughput, response time, CPU utilization, DASD (disk) utilization, and other parameters.
The scenario of changing hardware or workload, re-analyzing and viewing results is called “What if...?” analysis and is a term used when discussing BEST/1 support.
The following is a list of the major capabilities of BEST/1.
High-level modeling
– BEST/1 creates a full model (configuration and workloads) with a single pass through the performance data.
– Modeling of jobs with different priorities.
Workload characterization
– More flexible workload characterization. With BEST/1, you can create workloads using most of the job attributes, define non-interactive transactions, and deal with additional types of interactive transactions. BEST/1 treats all workloads identically regardless of whether they are measured, predefined (IBM-supplied), or user-defined workloads. BEST/1 models:
- Interactive workloads
v Dependent Work Stations (DWS) support v Programmable Work Station Function (WSF) v Display Station Pass-through (DSPT)
v Distributed Data Management (DDM) - Non-interactive workloads
v Batch or other non-interactive work, such as data queue jobs v Client Access shared folders, file transfer, router
– Job classifications into workloads can be saved and reused with other measurement intervals. This is an enhancement of the functions provided by functional areas, which allow you to set up groups of users or jobs to make selection easier.
– Enhanced support for non-interactive transactions. Each workload in the BEST/1 environment can create interactive and non-interactive transactions. Non-interactive transactions can be defined in terms of logical I/Os, CPU seconds, communications I/Os, or print lines. In addition, the non-interactive workload can automatically increase with the interactive workload.
Note: The term non-interactive transaction is used throughout BEST/1. Besides representing normally understood non-interactive work such as Client Access file transfer and shared folder, batch job, compiler, and data queue jobs, non-interactive transactions also represent Licensed Internal Code (*LIC) work and “system work” portions of interactive work.
– BEST/1 enables the modeling of additional workloads that could not previously be done. These include the ability to model new interactive workloads that are generated when using a Programmable Work Station (PWS). Also, DSPT source and target workloads and Distributed Data Management (DDM) can be modeled.
– Tuning characteristics can be modeled and changed so that the affect of changing the number of memory pools, the size of memory pools and the number of activity levels in each pool can be ascertained. Also, BEST/1 supports user-defined resource guidelines and thresholds, and high priority job level values (default is 20). These values can be used instead of the values supplied with BEST/1.
Representation of storage pools and CPUs
– Explicit representation of all auxiliary storage pools (ASPs), including corresponding mirroring and checksum protecting.
– Explicit representation of storage pools and activity levels. Previously a single storage pool was assumed for each type of job (interactive, batch, spool), with jobs of different classes not allowed to share pools.
– Explicit representation of CPU priorities. BEST/1 shows the job priorities in their actual order, whether spool, interactive, or batch.
– Definition within the model, of multiple ASPs and the ratio of I/O
operations per ASP. It is also possible to model the level of data protection within each ASP, for example, checksum or mirroring, or none.
The 9337 Disk Array Subsystem - Base and High Availability models (see note) are supported. The 9337 models are supported similarly to 9336 disks, and are modeled uniquely because of their additional “protective I/O operations.”
Note: The 9337 Disk Array Subsystem High Availability model is used generally. Besides using this model, the following can be used:
660x-070 features 671x-070 features 690x-070 features 9337—110, 115, 120, 125, 140 9337—212, 222, 217, 227, 242 9337—422, 442, 482
For more information on special hardware naming conversions, see Appendix H. BEST/1 Hardware Name Mapping.
Hardware support
– BEST/1 provides an interface to its CPU, disk parameters, and
communications hardware that can be used to model new CPU models or disk hardware in between releases of the Performance Tools licensed
program. Announcement of new hardware generally includes new input into BEST/1 tables.
– Externalization of hardware characteristics and utilization guidelines and thresholds. The user can now model new hardware as it is announced and change analysis guidelines and thresholds.
– Externalization of sync read guidelines.
Communications support
– Support for individual communications IOPs and lines, for both Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN). In addition, support for the total number and service time for LAN controllers and WAN work station controllers.
Graphics support
– Separation of graph data from graph formats. Data can now be viewed in a variety of formats.
– Overlay of up to five results members.
– Ability to change axis range for more accurate data representation.
BEST/1 Performance Statistics
BEST/1 provides the following performance statistics. v Average hardware utilization
– CPU – DASD – Controllers
– Communications resources
BEST/1 computes, produces output for and contains guidelines for: average central processing unit (CPU) utilization, disk arm utilization (percent busy), disk controller utilization, disk IOP utilization, communications line utilization, communications IOP utilization, local and wide area network (WAN)
workstation controller, local area network (LAN) controller utilization, multifunction IOP utilization, and disk, LAN, WAN, and Integrated Netfinity Server IOA utilization.
The performance data for memory utilization is not directly apportioned to individual jobs or *LIC tasks. As a result, BEST/1’s capability to model memory is very conservative. This means BEST/1 may recommend additional memory before it is actually needed.
Note: There is no system measurement of LAN controller and WAN work station controller utilization. This means, BEST/1 calculates utilization based on service time and number of controllers, in conjunction with remote traffic on controllers.
v Average internal and external response times
The average internal response time is based on the performance data in the QAPMJOBS file (performance monitor) and QAPMJOBL file (Collection
Chapter 1. Introduction to Capacity Planning
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Services). External response time is estimated based on the number of characters transmitted and the line speed. BEST/1 does not use 5494 release level 1.1 external response time for DWS devices.
v Average interactive and non-interactive throughput
Interactive and non-interactive work is shown in transactions per hour.
v Average disk I/O’s by auxiliary storage pool (ASP) and input/output processor (IOP), input/output adapter (IOA)
BEST/1 disk output shows the average number of disk I/Os spread across ASPs, IOPs, and IOAs.
v Average number of jobs in each storage pool
BEST/1 shows the average number of both active and ineligible jobs that are either in the storage pool or waiting to come into the storage pool.
v Sync read rate for each storage pool
The number of synchronous reads generated by the jobs running in the storage pool is shown as sync reads per second.
BEST/1 Assumptions and Conditions
BEST/1 is an analytic modeling tool, which provides expert evaluations and configurations. As such, the results depend entirely on the accuracy of the input, the analytic model, and the rule base for evaluations and configurations.
Major Assumptions
As with most capacity planning, there are some conditions or assumptions present. The following list represents the major assumptions under which BEST/1 performs its modeling work.
v Data is collected on a well-tuned, stable system.
When measured data is collected, the system workload should be heavy, but operating at an acceptable level to the customer. One hour’s worth of measured data should be selected for internal with fairly level system loads. For interactive work, typically 1–2 hours is good. For non-interactive work, the selected period is after 2–6 hours. BEST/1 uses sample performance data.
Data collection is done on a system in which all pool sizes and activity levels are set to reasonable values, secondary paging (thrashing) does not occur, and if excess storage is present, working set sizes are appropriate for the activity level of the pool.
The time slices should be large enough to minimize active-to-ineligible transitions (shown as A-I in the Performance Tools Transaction Report Interactive Jobs output).
v The workload is reasonably homogeneous. That is, one particular program within a workload is not causing a resource limitation.
v The workload is steady-state. This means that the number of interactive users and batch tasks is relatively constant.
v The proportion of a workload’s I/Os to an auxiliary storage pool (ASP) is based on the proportion of total I/Os handled by the disks on that ASP. Read and write operations are distributed on the same basis.
v There are no severe resource limitations (bottlenecks) in the system. That is, none of the primary devices (processing unit, disk, and so on) are excessively utilized.
v All jobs specified as active are performing work. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
v The average service time of each disk request is the same. All disk requests are spread evenly across all disk drives in each ASP.
v The activity on the local work station IOPs is spread evenly across all IOPs, and the utilization of each IOP is the same. The service time and response time depend on the application.
v All controllers are equally distributed across all communications lines for LAN and WAN.
v All local, LAN, and WAN controllers have the same service time, respectively. As the system approaches saturation (high utilization) of one or more resources, the accuracy of the analytic model for response time prediction diminishes. An analytic model is best used to predict when a resource will become saturated. Knowing when a resource will become saturated allows you to plan your
workloads and hardware upgrades.
Figure 3 depicts the range of results you can expect from BEST/1. At the higher utilizations, the range of the results is greater. Because BEST/1 uses an analytic model, the results are not precise. For example, calculated average response times of 2 or 3 seconds are considered valid, when in actuality users could be
experiencing an average response time of 2.4 seconds.
Note: BEST/1 reports the average response time. The actual response times vary, based on the applications you run.
v BEST/1 calculates the number of disk arms required to achieve acceptable performance based solely on the number of disk I/Os per second. BEST/1 does not calculate the disk storage requirements for programs, files, and libraries.
Major Conditions
The major conditions in BEST/1 that you should be aware of are:
v No specific batch run time (also called “batch window”) modeling support.
▲ ✚ ✖ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ✚ ✚ ✚ ✚ ✚ ✚ ✚ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖ ✖
Figure 3. Range of Results Using the BEST/1 Capacity Planning Tool
BEST/1 supports modeling non-interactive workloads (batch is a subset of non-interactive) CPU and disk resource consumption against any other system work. Output provides a rated throughput for batch expressed in transactions per hour. This information can be used to estimate changes in throughput based on configuration or workload changes. However, BEST/1 does not provide detailed batch job run time (batch window) or job scheduling analysis. “Predicting Batch Transaction Throughput Example” on page 157 contains an example showing how to control model parameters to achieve changes in logical disk I/Os per hour. You can use the relative increase in transactions per hour against measured run time to estimate a new run time.
v No default configuration
When creating a model from predefined workloads, BEST/1 does not default to any hardware configuration. You must use the Configuration Menus to select an IBM-provided configuration that may need additional modification. BEST/1 messages direct you to the configuration step.
v Performance
Modeling of measured data may take a significant amount of time and CPU resource.
Care should be taken that modeling does not impact an already heavily loaded system. You need to experiment with your own set of measured data and CPU model to schedule modeling with the best compromise between obtaining output and system resource impact.
Note: An alternative is to use the Create BEST/1 Model (CRTBESTMDL) and Analyze BEST/1 Model (ANZBESTMDL) commands in a batch program to avoid major impacts to the high priority work on the system.
v Print spooling
BEST/1 assumes that all printing support modeled makes use of the system spooling functions.
v Miscellaneous
Diskette, tape, and CD-ROM support is not modeled.
Regardless of current assumptions and conditions, BEST/1 provides capacity planning for a wide range of iSeries work.
BEST/1 Modeling Process
The following steps represent the typical modeling process for BEST/1. You can accomplish these steps in batch by using Performance CL commands, or run BEST/1 interactively with the STRBEST command. It is assumed that before you begin this process you collect and verify measured data on a well-tuned system. 1. Create the Model
a. Assign work to workloads.
Workloads can consist of measured, IBM-supplied predefined workloads, or user-defined workloads in any combination. Each workload has one or more functions. Each function has one or more transactions. Measured data includes user jobs, OS/400 jobs, and *LIC tasks. BEST/1 provides implicit and explicit assignment of work to workloads by job classifications such as user ID, job name, job type, and communications line.
1) Define and verify workload functions. 2) Define and verify function transactions. b. Define and verify objectives:
1) Number of jobs. 2) Response time.
3) Transactions per hour (throughput). For measured data these are generated by BEST/1 from the workload assignments.
2. Work with the Model
After the model has been created, use the Work with Model display to: a. Work with workload, function, and transaction definitions.
For each workload verify if the function and transaction definitions processed by BEST/1 are reasonable.
b. Verify acceptability or change objectives.
c. Analyze the model with or without recommendations. 3. Work with Results
a. Compare analysis summary to measured data, if used. b. Optionally calibrate the model.
c. Do “What if...?” analysis for workloads. 1) Add more work stations
2) Add new applications 3) Increase batch workload
d. Do “What if...?” analysis for memory pools or ASPs 1) Change the number or sizes of memory pools 2) Change the activity levels in a memory pool 3) Change the number of ASPs
4) Change protection level to checksum or mirroring e. Do growth analysis
4. Analyze results from growth or hardware changes 5. Print the tables or plot the graphs
6. Save the model and results
7. Use the results as input to other tools
Major Options for Modeling with BEST/1
The major options on the BEST/1 for the AS/400 main menu that are discussed in this chapter are:
v Work with BEST/1 models v Work with results
v More BEST/1 options
Two user levels exist when working with capacity planning activities. The two levels are *BASIC and *ADVANCED. How you start the BEST/1 function determines your user level. If you use the STRBEST command, the default user level is *ADVANCED. If you use the GO PERFORM, option 4, the default user level is *BASIC.
Work with BEST/1 Models
Use the Work with BEST/1 Models display, as shown in Figure 4 on page 10 to create a new model or work with an existing model. A model can be any combination of measured, predefined, or user-defined work. Work with Models lets you Create, Copy, Work with, Delete, Print, or Rename a model. You can
define and classify jobs (units of work) into workloads (groups of work that can be modeled as a distinct unit of work), to analyze and grow the model, work with the results, and graph and save the modeling results.
You can create a BEST/1 model interactively or as a batch job (recommended). After the model has been created you need to use the Work with BEST/1 Models display to work with that model.
If you choose a specific model with option 5 (Work with) from the Work with BEST/1 Models display, the next display which appears is the Work with BEST/1 Model menu. Again, depending on how you started the BEST/1 function
determines which options are available from the Work with BEST/1 Model display.
Note: Press F21 to toggle between the two user levels.
Basic User Level
You see the menu for the basic user level in Figure 5 on page 11. From this menu you can work with several options. The options include defining configurations, analyzing models, and predicting results. This menu provides access to capacity planning functions and high-level modeling. You should have some general knowledge of modeling concepts and capacity planning concepts.
Work with BEST/1 Models Library . . . JONES Name
Type options, press Enter.
1=Create 3=Copy 4=Delete 5=Work with 6=Print 7=Rename Opt Model Text Date Time
_ BEST1MODEL 04/21/93 10:26:49 _ APRDATA Data collected 041593 at 0900 04/15/93 10:45:31
Bottom Command
===> _______________________________________________________________ F3=Exit F4=Prompt F5=Refresh F9=Retrieve F12=Cancel F15=Sort by model F16=Sort by text F19=Sort by date and time
Advanced User Level
You see the menu for the advanced user level in Figure 6. From this menu you can work with several options. The options include workload definitions, objectives, and additional model analysis options. This menu provides access to capacity planning functions and low-level modeling. You should have a very good working knowledge of modeling concepts and capacity planning concepts.
Work with BEST/1 Model Performance data . . . : BESTDATA (Q930400309) Model/Text . . . : BEST1MODEL
Select one of the following:
7. Specify workload growth and analyze model 10. Configuration menu
11. Work with results 50. About BEST/1
More ... Selection or command
===> _______________________________________________________________ F3=Exit F4=Prompt F9=Retrieve F12=Cancel F15=Save current model F17=Analyze with ANZBESTMDL F22=Calibrate model F24=More keys Model BEST1MODEL has been read
Figure 5. Work with BEST/1 Model Menu—Basic User Level
Work with BEST/1 Model Performance data . . . : BESTDATA (Q930400309) Model/Text . . . : BEST1MODEL
Select one of the following: 1. Work with workloads
2. Specify objectives and active jobs 5. Analyze current model
6. Analyze current model and give recommendations 7. Specify workload growth and analyze model 10. Configuration menu
11. Work with results
More ... Selection or command
===> _______________________________________________________________ F3=Exit F4=Prompt F9=Retrieve F12=Cancel F15=Save current model F17=Analyze with ANZBESTMDL F22=Calibrate model F24=More keys Model BEST1MODEL has been read
Figure 6. Work with BEST/1 Model Menu—Advanced User Level
Available Menu Options
Table 1 identifies the BEST/1 functions that are available for the *BASIC user or the *ADVANCED user. The difference in function between the two levels is to allow the inexperienced user to focus on the primary capacity planning activities.
Table 1. *BASIC and *ADVANCED User Level Functions
Available Function *BASIC *ADVANCED
Working with workloads No Yes
Specifying objects No Yes
Specifying active jobs No Yes
Analyzing current models No Yes
Giving recommendations No Yes
Specifying workload growth Yes Yes
Analyzing models Yes Yes
Accessing configuration menu Yes Yes
Working with results Yes Yes
Accessing information about BEST/1 Yes Yes
The following paragraphs provide summary descriptions of all the options that can be selected on the Work with BEST/1 Model display.
v Work with workloads
Use the Work with Workloads display to review the accuracy of the function and transaction details of a workload derived by BEST/1. The Work with workloads and Specify objectives and active jobs options can be part of both the “create model” and the “analyze model” processes.
v Specify objectives and active jobs
Use Specify objectives and active jobs to validate the number of active jobs. For the initial modeling process you should accept the BEST/1 values.
Initially leave the throughput and response time objectives as zeros for all workloads. This indicates no objectives, therefore no exceptions are generated regardless of predicted values. You may change these values, as a way of adding growth to the current model, after the model has been created.
v Analyze current model
Analyze the model takes the current hardware configuration and workload definitions and analyzes this data. Analyze model produces a set of exceptions. v Analyze current model and give recommendations
Analyze with recommendations consumes additional CPU and makes
recommendations for new hardware, including CPU model, main storage size, and the number of additional hardware features.
v Specify workload growth and analyze model
You may select the workload growth rate(s), number of periods to model, and whether you want BEST/1 to automatically upgrade hardware according to its guidelines/thresholds. The functions accessed from this option are termed manual growth versus automatic growth. Growth support is discussed in Chapter 7. Modeling Changes to the System.
The configuration menu option leads you into additional options for viewing and changing CPU, local and WAN work station controllers, LAN controllers, communications support, disk, storage pools, and ASPs.
v Work with Results
Work with Results enables you display or print with current or previously saved modeling results by viewing reports and graphing results.
v About BEST/1
This menu provides introductory information to new BEST/1 users. It includes BEST/1 navigation, creating a measured model, analysis issues, descriptions of reports and graphs, an overview of BEST/1 external files, and a summary of enhancements in the current release.
Work with Results
After any of the analyze functions (options 5, 6, 7) has completed, you can work with the analysis results as discussed after Figure 7. Work with results lets you look at several categories of results including analysis summary, recommendations, and workload reports.
All the reports provide the following function key support:
v Press F10 (Re-analyze model) to analyze the model again in the method as the previous analysis (whether or not to provide recommendations).
v Press F15 (Configuration menu) to change hardware configuration.
v Press F17 (Analyze multiple points) to automatically grow the work with default growth rate and ten growth periods.
v Press F18 to change active jobs or response times and throughput objectives. v Press F19 to work with workloads.
The following provides summary descriptions of the options that can be selected on the Work with Results display.
v Analysis Summary
Work with Results Printed Report Text . . . .
Type options, press Enter. 5=Display 6=Print Opt Report Name
__ Measured and predicted comparison __ Analysis Summary
__ Recommendations __ Workload Report __ ASP and Disk Arm Report __ Disk Resources Report __ Main Storage Pool Report __ Communications Resources Report __ All of the above
Bottom F3=Exit F12=Cancel F14=Select saved results F15=Save current results F18=Graph current results F19=Append saved results F24=More keys
Figure 7. Work with Results Display
