Sex: Patient Age: Print Date: Time of Collection: 03:20 PM 2/25/2015 48 F
Comprehensive Fatty Acids Panel - Serum
Common Name Lipid Name Reference Range Patient Result Units Low Reference Range High
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Series
umol/L C18:3 (n-3)
alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA)
1 50 - 130 230 H
umol/L C20:5 (n-3)
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)
2 14 - 100 125 H
umol/L C22:5 (n-3)
Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA)
3 20 - 210 108
umol/L C22:6 (n-3)
Docosahexanoic Acid (DHA)
4 30 - 250 260 H
Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Series
umol/L C18:2 (n-6)
Linoleic Acid (LA)
Common Name Lipid Name Reference Range Patient Result Units Low Reference Range High Omega-9 Polyunsaturated Series
umol/L C20:3 (n-9)
Eicosatrienoic Acid (Mead)
11 7 - 30 29 Monounsaturated Series umol/L C12:1 Lauroleic Acid 12 1.4 - 6.6 5.8 umol/L C14:1 (n-5) Myristoleic Acid 13 3 - 64 109 H umol/L C16:1 (n-7) Palmitoleic Acid 14 110 - 1130 1313 H umol/L C16:1 (n-9) Hexadecenoic Acid 15 25 - 105 172 H umol/L C18:1 (n-7) Vaccenic Acid 16 280 - 740 1343 H umol/L C18:1 (n-9) Oleic Acid 17 650 - 3500 5625 H umol/L C24:1 (n-9) Nervonic Acid 18 60 - 100 92
Patient Name: Requisition #:
Date of Collection: 2/11/2015 Physician Name:
Comprehensive Fatty Acids Panel - Serum
Common Name Lipid Name Reference Range Patient Result Units Low Reference Range High
Saturated Fatty Acids
umol/L C8:0
Caprylic Acid (Octanoic)
19 8 - 47 16
umol/L C10:0
Capric Acid (Decanoic)
20 2 - 18 52 H umol/L C12:0 Lauric Acid 21 6 - 90 70 umol/L C14:0 Myristic Acid 22 30 - 450 985 H umol/L C16:0 Palmitic Acid 23 1480 - 3730 7754 H umol/L C18:0 Stearic Acid 24 590 - 1170 2437 H umol/L C20:0 Arachidic Acid 25 50 - 90 58 C22:0 Docosanoic Acid (Behenic)
26 0 - 96.3 77.3 umol/L
C24:0 Tetracosanoic Acid (Lignoceric)
Common Name Lipid Name Reference Range Patient Result Units Low Reference Range High mmol/L Total Saturated 32 2.5 - 5.5 11.5 H mmol/L Total Monounsaturated 33 1.3 - 5.8 8.7 H mmol/L Total Polyunsaturated 34 3.2 - 5.8 7.5 H mmol/L Total Omega-3 35 0.2 - 0.5 0.7 H mmol/L Total Omega-6 36 3 - 5.4 6.8 H mmol/L Total Fatty Acids
37 7.3 - 16.8 27.8 H
Patient Name: Requisition #:
Date of Collection: 2/11/2015 Physician Name:
Comprehensive Fatty Acids Panel - Serum
See interpretive comment Page 6.
Interpretation
* Test performed at Mayo Medical Laboratories, Rochester, MN. Test interpretation provided by The Great Plains Laboratory, Inc.
Nutritional requirements for essential fatty acids (omega-3, and omega-6 series) vary by age. Deficiency may be measured by the Holman index, also called the triene/tetraene ratio (mead-to-arachidonic acid ratio). Deficiencies are commonly caused by inadequate dietary intake of lipids or intestinal malabsorption. Signs include scaly dermatitis, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, and, in children, growth retardation. Infant fed diets low in linoleic acid, such as skim-milk formula, can develop essential fatty acid deficiency. Biochemical abnormalities may be detected before the onset of recognizable clinical manifestations and treated with appropriate nutritional supplementation that usually includes linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids.
Additionally, studies have shown that major depression is accompanied by alterations in essential fatty composition such as reduced omega-3 fatty acids and an increased arachidonic-to-eicosapentaenoic acid ratio. Pregnancy leads to depletion of maternal docosahexanoic acid (DHA), and after delivery maternal DHA steadily declines further. Pregnant women who are at risk to develop postpartum depression may benefit from a prophylactic treatment with a combination of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexanoic acids.
Fatty acid oxidation disorders are recognized on the basis of disease-specific patterns that are correlated to the results of other tests in plasma (carnitine, acylcarnitines) and urine (organic acids, acylglycines).
Increased concentrations of tetracosanoic (lignoceric) and hexacosanoic acids are useful in the diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders, X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, adrenomyeloneuropathy, and Zellweger syndrome (cerebrohepatorenal syndrome).
Increased concentrations of phytanic acid are useful in the biochemical diagnosis of Refsum disease. Refsum's disease is a peroxisomal disorder caused by phytanase deficiency, an enzyme involved in phytanic acid oxidation. In this case, the level of phytanic acid is elevated and pristanic acid is normal.
An elevated omega-6 to omega-3 ratio may promote the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A lower ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids is more desirable in reducing the risk of many of the chronic diseases of high prevalence. The optimal ratio may vary with the medical condition under consideration. An omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 4 has been associated with a 70% decrease in total mortality, and it appears to be the optimal ratio for brain-mediated functions. A ratio of 2.5 has been shown to suppress cell proliferation in patients with colorectal cancer. A reduced omega-6 to omega-3 ratio of 2 to 3 suppressed inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Western diets are considered deficient in omega-3 fatty acids with an omega-6 to omega3 ratio greater than 10. See chart on Page 5.
