02- Scientific Thinking.pptx

Bell Work 1/13/14

 List out at least 3 things that you learned or rules you should follow during lab.

Problems



Asking a question about observations

Rules for writing a good problem

 Problem must be a complete sentence.

 It must be specific and describe entire

problem.

 The problem must end in a question mark.

 The problem must be testable and

Examples

 "How will human skin, covered with SPF 30 suntan lotion, react to solar radiation compared to skin not covered with

suntan lotion?"

 "What types of fertilizer will make grass grow greener and not cause harm to the environment?"

Burning Balloons Demo

 Write down 5 observations during demo  Be thinking of a problem that you could

You try

 In your groups I would like you to write a problem based on your observations

Background Information

 A paragraph which gives the necessary details to complete or design an

Included in background

information

 Definitions

 Units of measurement  Tools necessary

 Formulas

 Any other information that would help clarify the problem or develop a valid hypothesis.

Balloon Demo

 Concept: The air balloon explodes

immediately because the heat from the lit match quickly burns through the rubber wall. The water balloon, does not explode because the water inside absorbs the

heat and disperses it throughout the

volume of water. It does not let the rubber wall get to it's melting point because the water has a high heat capacity.

Write background info for demo

 Using your handouts and by taking a book from the front of the room (if you need it), we are going to write a brief background paragraph for the balloon demonstration. (whiteboard)

Background Example

 This investigation will test to see if mass, volume,

and density of different shoe materials will affect how fast and how high a basketball player can jump. Mass, measured in grams (g) is the

amount of matter in an object. Volume, measured in liters (L), is the amount of space an object

takes up. Density, measured in grams per

milliliters (g/mL) is the mass per unit of volume. With the introduction of new synthetic materials, this investigation will determine what factors affect the speed and heights achieved by athletes.

Objectives

 You will be able to:

 _{have a general understanding of the}

scientific method.

 _{write predictions.}  _{write questions.}  _{write hypotheses.}

Hypothesis



A statement that answers the

question (problem) about science or

nature

 What do you think will happen? Predict the answer to your question or the

Hypothesis

 Objectives:

 You will be able to write a hypothesis from a given problem.

Rules for hypothesis



Must be written in complete

sentences.



Must have the same wording as the

problem.



No personal pronouns.



Must be testable and measurable.

Do not use “Yes” “No” or “I think”.

Examples

 How does feeding a rat more often affect its weight?

 The greater the amount of food a rat is fed, the greater the weight gain.

Example

 Why do some foods have more calories than others?

 Foods with more calories have greater amounts of sugars and fats.

You try

 Why do satellites stay in orbit?

 Gravitational pull is what keeps satellites in orbit.

What about this…

 Which soda do teenagers prefer?

Last one…

 Do blondes have more fun?

Hypothesis

 I would like you to write a hypothesis for the balloon demo.

 I would like you to rewrite your problem for the balloon demo (if you need to),

and write your hypothesis. You will turn this in on a separate sheet of paper!

Materials

 Not numbered

 Correct measurements must be specified (100 mL beaker)

 Quantity must be specified

 _{(4 – 100 mL beakers)}

Procedures

 Are numbered

 Must be complete sentences

 Must be step-by-step and logical

 Nothing should be assumed (others need to follow procedure)

Bell work 1/14/14

 What are 2 rules for writing a problem?

 What are at least 2 things to include in your background information?

Predictions

 A prediction is simply what you would

expect to find if the hypothesis is correct.

 If the hypothesis is correct,

(rewrite the hypothesis)

and the experiment is conducted, (describe the experiment)

then what should happen?

Example:

 Problem: How do homing pigeons find their

way home?

 Hypothesis: Homing pigeons find their way

home by sensing the Earth’s magnetic field.

 Prediction: If homing pigeons use the

Earth’s magnetic field to find their way home and the field is disrupted by bar

magnets on their backs, then they will not find their way home.

The Swirling Milk

 Observations  Problem

 Hypothesis

 Background Information (skip this time)  Materials

 Procedures  Prediction

Design materials and procedures to test a variable in the “Milk Lab”

Sample Predictions

 Problem: Why did the milk swirl?

 Hypothesis: The milk swirled because it was a reaction with the Sunbright soap.  Prediction: If the milk swirled because it

was a reaction with the soap and

different soaps are tested, then the milk should not swirl with different soap.

Bell Work 8/16/13

 What is the scientific method?

 Try to list as much information as you know about the scientific method.

 _{The different parts, why we need each part,}

Bell Work 1/15/14

 What is the difference between an

independent and dependent variable.

 Identify the IV and DV in the following:

 _{An experiment measures daily vitamin C intake}

(how much vitamin C one consumes) and the life expectancy of people.

 _{What might be some procedures to conduct this}

Identifying Variables

 Variables- factors scientists change or measure

in an experiment to collect scientific data  _{Independent Variable (manipulated):}

○ _{The factor the researcher intentionally changes} ○ _{This is the factor you can control (temp, time, etc.)}  _{Dependent Variable (responding):}

○ _{The factor that might be affected by change}

○ _{The researcher measures or observes this to obtain}

results

○ _{This is what you are looking for (height jumped,}

Variables

 Control: The group that does not receive the experimental treatment.

 Your lab is checking to see if the

dependent variable depends on the independent variable

 Both variables must be used in your question, hypothesis, and predictions.

SpongeBob Variables!

 Go through the worksheet and identify IV, DV, and control groups where asked.

SpongeBob Scenario 2

 Write a problem for the SpongeBob

Clean Pants scenario in your SpongeBob handout.

SpongeBob time again…

from the SpongeBob worksheet:

Part 1

Analysis/Results

 Data: measurements you take (temp. readings, time, mass, etc.)

 _{Includes charts, graphs, calculations}

 Is the data reliable?

 _{If someone else did the same experiment,}

would they get the same results

 Does your data and observations from the experiment support your