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Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 3 of 41
Food and Energy
You need to eat food to obtain energy.
The energy in food is measured in Calories
(capital C). One Calorie is equal to 1000 calories.
Caloric needs vary for each person.
An average-sized female teenager needs about 2200 Calories a day.
An average-sized male teenager needs about 2800 Calories a day.
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Nutrients
Nutrients are substances in food that supply the energy and raw materials your body uses for
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The nutrients that the body needs are:
Water
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Water makes up blood, lymph, and other bodily fluids.
Water is lost during sweating, when it evaporates to cool the body.
Water vapor is also lost from the body with every breath you exhale and in urine.
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Slide 11 of 41
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.
There are two types of carbohydrates:
•
simpleSimple carbohydrates are found in fruits, honey, and sugar cane.
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Slide 13 of 41 Complex carbohydrates, or starches, are found in
grains, potatoes, and vegetables.
Complex carbohydrates need to be broken down before they can be used by the body.
Fiber is needed in your diet.
Bulk supplied by fiber helps muscles keep food and wastes moving through your digestive and excretory systems.
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Slide 15 of 41
Fats
Fats, or lipids, are an important part of a healthy diet.
Fats are needed:
•
to produce cell membranes, myelin sheathsaround neurons, and certain hormones.
•
to help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins.Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 17 of 41 Fats are classified as saturated or unsaturated.
When there are only single bonds between carbon atoms in the fatty acids, the fat is saturated.
Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond in a fatty acid chain.
Unsaturated fats are usually liquids at room temperature.
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Slide 19 of 41
Proteins
Proteins supply raw materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
The body can synthesize only 12 of the 20 amino acids used to make proteins.
The other 8 amino acids are called essential amino
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Slide 21 of 41 Animal products, including meat, fish, eggs, and milk, contain all 8 essential amino acids.
Foods derived from plants, such as grains and beans, do not.
Therefore, people who don’t eat animal products
Vitamins
Vitamins are organic molecules that help regulate body processes, often working with enzymes.
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Slide 23 of 41 There are two types of vitamins:
•
fat-soluble•
water-solubleThe fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body.
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Slide 25 of 41 The water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water and
cannot be stored in the body.
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Minerals
Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually
in small amounts, are called minerals.
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Slide 31 of 41
Nutrition and a Balanced Diet
The new food pyramid classifies foods into six categories:
•
grains•
vegetables•
fruits•
milk•
meat and beansCopyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 33 of 41 The figure climbing up the side of the pyramid
represents exercise.
A food label provides information about nutrition. Daily values are based on a 2000-Calorie diet, and nutrient needs are affected by age, gender, and
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Slide 35 of 41 When choosing foods, you should compare similar
foods on the basis of their proportion of nutrients to Calories.
or
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Slide 37 of 41 Which nutrient is found in fruits, sugars, and
whole-grain breads?
a. protein b. fat
Organic molecules that help regulate body processes and often work with enzymes are
a. fats.
b. minerals.
c. vitamins.
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Slide 39 of 41 Which two vitamins can be made by the body?
a. vitamins A and B
b. vitamins C and D c. vitamins A and K
The most important nutrient is a. fat.
b. water.
c. vitamins.
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Slide 41 of 41 The foods that should make up the largest part
of your diet are
a. fats and sweets.
b. meat, poultry, and fish.
c. milk, yogurt, and cheese.