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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Roanoke Colony

• 1585

– 1st Eng. attempt to

establish colony in North Amer.

– Off coast of today’s

N.C.

– Settlers began to starve

– Abandoned the

(5)

Roanoke Colony - The Lost Colony

• 1587 Attempt

– 2nd English attempt at

colonization

– Running low on supplies but re-supply not possible due to

English war with Spain – When the 1590 supply

expedition arrived, colony was deserted

– Found the word CROATOAN on a tree

(6)

Jamestown:

First Successful Colony in North

America

(7)
(8)

Jamestown, Cont

d.

• House of

Burgesses: 1st

representative

democracy in N.

Amer.

– Colonists elected representatives to make laws and

speak out for them to British

government

The House of Burgesses, the first legislative assembly in the American

(9)

Bacon

s Rebellion (1676)

– Bacon burned

Jamestown to protest how the English

governor used colonists’ taxes

– First rebellion against Brit. govt. during

(10)

Colonial Regions:

• New England

• Middle

(11)

New England (N.E.) Colonies

– MA

– NH

– CT

(12)

Plymouth

– First successful colony in N.E

– Founded b/c of religious conflicts in England

• Henry VIII of England founded the Anglican Church in order to divorce his wife

• Many English thought it was too much like the Catholic Church

• These people wanted a purer type of church

• They were known as “Puritans”

(13)

Massachusetts Bay Colony

– 1,000 people settled a few miles north of Plymouth in 1630

– By 1643 the colony had grown to 20,000 people in 20 towns

– Had no religious tolerance – All people had to attend

the Puritan Church and pay taxes to support it

• They believed they were creating a new pure society to serve God

– Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth eventually

(14)

Salem Witch Trials

• In 1692 in Salem Massachusetts several girls

accused 3 people of being witches

• Hysteria followed and 20 men and women were

(15)
(16)

New England Colonies Cont

d.

– Religious dissent - common in N.E. colonies – A number of reformers split from the

Puritans to found colonies were freedom of religion was acceptable

• Roger Williams founded Rhode Island for religious freedom

(17)

Begin Notes Wed., Feb. 2

(18)

Type of Economy in N. Eng. Colonies

– Small farms, few slaves – Lots of towns, big cities

– Dependent on long distance trade w/ Europe – Largest city was Boston – trade centers

– Fishing and shipbuilding were more important than farming

(19)

Middle Passage

• Section of

Triangular Trade Route betw. Africa & the Americas

• Ships carrying slaves

– Slaves were

captured by other Africans and sold to Europeans and

Americans in exchange for weapons

– Between 1450 and 1850 more than 12 million Africans

(20)
(21)
(22)

Middle

Colonies

– NY

– DE

– NJ

(23)

• Granted by king or queen

to an individual or group.

• Could make laws and rules

as they wished.

(24)

Pennsylvania

• Established by William

Penn for religious toleration

• Haven for Quakers and other religious groups

• Protestant group that believed in non-violence

(25)

Economy of Middle Colonies

• Mixture of farming and commerce

• Were known as the Breadbasket –

farms produced vegetables and grains

and important cash crops like wheat

and corn

(26)

Southern

Colonies

– VA

(27)

Southern Colonies, Cont

d.

• 1) Maryland

– Founded by English Catholics

– Escaping religious

persecution in Britain

– 1st group of Maryland colonists

consisted of 17 men & their wives & about 200 others,

mostly indentured servants who

(28)

Southern Colonies Cont

d.

• Maryland

– Created by Lord Baltimore as haven for Catholics being persecuted in England

– Soon, however Puritans outnumbered the Catholics

(29)

Southern Colonies Cont

d.

• Georgia Colony

– Wanted to create a haven for people who had been jailed in

England because they could not pay their debts

(30)

Southern Colonies Cont

d.

• Economy in Southern Colonies

– Plantation system of farming – cash crops (grown to be sold for profit)

• Integral to South’s economy

– VA & NC = Tobacco

– SC & GA = Rice

– Slaves supplied most labor

(31)
(32)
(33)

John Peter Zenger

– Newspapers imp. to colonists – many could read, and those who could not got the news from those who could

– J. P. Zenger published cartoons making fun of Brit. royal

governor of N.Y. in his newspaper (1735)

• Gov. threw Zenger in jail & charged him w/ treason

– Even though everyone agreed that what Zenger said was true

• Jury said: free speech was a right of colonists

• Freed Zenger

• Estb’d. freedom of speech in the colonies

Alexander Hamilton was the attorney for Zenger.

(34)

Land Ownership

– Colonists thought land should be owned & used

(35)
(36)

Focus of Colonial Trade

• Make $$$ for

England!!

• Brit.

s economic

policy: Mercantilism

– Control trade w/ other nations by

(37)

Focus of Colonial Trade, Cont

d.

• Result:

– Colonies used as source of raw

(38)

England

s Early

Govt.

• Magna Carta (1215)

– Document that

guaranteed = treatment under the law for nobles; trial by jury of peers; & said even King was

(39)

Parliament

• 1

st

English legislature – made laws (1264)

• 1300s, Parliament was running everyday

work of English govt., not the king

King Henry III, son of King John (who signed the Magna Carta) established Parliament in 1264. He built

Westminster.

(40)

English Bill of Rights (1689)

• Parliament wrote

list of basic rights for all English

people

• Limited king’s

power – Parliament had to approve

some things

(41)

•Glorious Revolution (1688) – Peaceful transfer of power that changed idea of govt. in England

(42)

Common Law

• Laws developed by judges through court decisions

• First use of Brit. common law: year 1066

• Precedent – previous cases that judges look at to decide another case

(43)

Using English Ideas of Government in

American Colonies

• Virginia House of

Burgesses (1619) – Marked beginning of self-govt. in colonies

– Established 1st

representative

democracy in colonies

– 2 reps from each county met with the colony’s

(44)
(45)
(46)
(47)

Remains

uncovered

in

(48)

Mayflower

Compact (1620)

• Pilgrims’ written plan for govt.

– Compact = agreement

– Established a direct democracy instead of representative one – each person got one vote

– Majority rule

(49)

Protection of the Colonies

(50)

Birth of a Democratic Nation

• EQ: Could the

American Revolution have been avoided?

• EQ: Who was to blame for the

Revolution – Brits or the colonists?

• EQ: Was there an American identity before the

(51)

Why Did Colonists Govern

Themselves?

• England was

too far away

for the king to

govern them

directly

(52)
(53)

1) British

Mercantilism

• Brit. policy to sell more goods to other countries than they bought from other countries

• Brits. bought raw

materials from colonies at cheap prices

(54)

Mercantilism and the Colonies

Cont

d.

• Purpose of the colonies was to be a

(55)
(56)
(57)
(58)

2) No Taxation Without

Representation!

(59)
(60)

Stamp Act

• Brit. tax on

newspapers, legal documents, etc. in colonies

• Colonists formed

“Sons of Liberty” &

boycotted Brit. goods

(61)

Punishment

for tax

collectors in

the

(62)

Townshend Acts (1767)

• Brit. law that set up new high taxes on basic goods sent to colonies.

(63)

Boston Tea Party (1773)

• Tea Act – Parl. Law to

charge high taxes to colonial tea merchants who bought Brit. tea and resold it to colonists

(64)

4) British laws passed to take

away rights of colonists as

(65)

Declaratory Act

• Said Brits could

tax & make laws

for colonies

in all

(66)

Intolerable Acts

• A.K.A.

Coercive Acts

• Took away colonists

right

to trial by jury.

(67)

5. Boston Massacre – British troops in Boston opened fire on rioters, killing five people. This further ignited the colonists’

hatred of the king, his

(68)

Colonial Response

• Legislators from each colony met in Philadelphia

• First Continental Congress (1774)

• Demanded the king give back their rights • Agreed to boycott of

(69)

British Response

• First battles of

Revolution -

(70)

Second Continental Congress

(1775)

• Debated

whether or not

to fight for

independence

• Became official

govt. of

(71)

Common Sense

• Pamphlet by Thomas

Paine

– Convinced many

colonists to fight

– Called the king a

(72)

Declaration of Independence

(DOI)

• Listed reasons why U.S. should be a

free nation

• Listed colonists belief about the rights

of individuals

(73)

Declaration of Independence

Cont

d.

• Purpose of govt. is to protect the rights of people

– If the govt. does not, it should be overthrown

• Main author: Thomas Jefferson

(74)

John Locke: Social Contract

Theory

• John Locke

s

Second

Treatise of Government

– Argued that good govt. is based on a social contract between

(75)

Social Contract Theory, Cont

d.

• Citizens agree to give up some freedom and abide by decisions of the govt.

• In return, govt. promises to protect the lives, property, and liberty of the people

(76)

Early State Constitutions

• Constitution = Written plan for govt.

• New state legislatures were bicameral

(2 houses), like Brit. Parliament

• New Hampshire wrote the first state

(77)

Massachusetts Constitution

• 1780 – Mass. Was last of the original 13 states to draw up a constitution

• Divided govt. power between state legislature, the courts, and the governor

(78)

Other unique elements of Mass.

Constitution

• Special delegates were elected to

create the constitution in Mass.

• The constitution was then approved by a

vote of the state

s citizens.

(79)
(80)

Articles of Confederation

(A.O.C.)

• First Constitution of the U.S.

(81)

Problems with A.O.C.

• Congress could only pass a law if 9 of the

13 states approved it.

• Any amendment, or change, to the A.O.C.

required a unanimous vote of all 13 states.

(82)

Problems with A.O.C. cont

d.

• Even when Congress managed to pass

laws, it had no way to enforce them

• Did not provide for a president or for

courts

(83)
(84)

Shaky National Govt.

• After the Revolution was won in 1783:

– Congress did not have power to collect taxes

– States were deeply in debt and taxed their citizens heavily to pay back war debts

– High taxes drove many farmers out of business

– States also taxed goods imported from other states and foreign

(85)

Shays Rebellion

• Shays, a farmer,

led armed uprising

of 1200 farmers

on a federal

arsenal in Mass.

• Brought to

everyone

s

attention the need

for a stronger

References

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