Lucrări ştiinţifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, vol. 40(1), (2007), Timişoara.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOWING REPORT BETWEEN
ALFALFA AND BERSEEM CLOVER IN ADDITION WITH
ORCHARD GRASS ON GREEN MATTER YIELD
INFLUENŢA RAPORTULI DE SEMĂNAT ÎNTRE LUCERNĂ
ŞI TRIFOI ALEXANDRIN CU ADAOS DE GOLOMĂŢ
ASUPRA PRODUCŢIEI DE MASĂ VERDE
OPROI ADRIANA CRISTINA.*, DRAGOMIR N.**, PEŢ I.**, DRAGOMIR CARMEN**
* Research and Development Agricultural Station Lovrin, Romania **Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies Timişoara, Romania
It is well known that in its first year of vegetation, alfalfa has a slower growth rate and that this is an inconvenient in obtaining economic productions of green matter. Another negative aspect comes from the fact that because of the slow growth rate, alfalfa cannot cover the land efficiently; therefore it cannot compete with weeds, which can diminish the yield even more. Starting from these statements, we tested the possibility of cultivating alfalfa under a protective plant – Alexandrine clover – in addition with orchard grass (knowing the fact that Alexandrine clover ensures the highest yields at 1st and 2nd cut) in order to increase hay production in the 1st year of cultivation of alfalfa.
Key words: alfalfa , Alexandrine clover, orchard grass, green matter.
Introduction
The sowing of the alfalfa under protective plant in the spring is considered superior the sowing of the alfalfa without protective plant, because it is assured a better competitively in confrontation with weeds. On the other side, the highest yield for Alexandrine clover are produce in first year of vegetations, first and second cats and alfalfa have time to develop plants with profound root system until autumn, so that there is a minimal effect of inhibition of alfalfa.
Materials and Methods
In order to reach this objective, we used an experimental device similar to the previous one: of a bi-factorial type, in randomized blocks and 4 replications. The experiment was carried out in the years 2001 and 2002.Experiments were set on a cambic, moist phreatic, weakly salinised below 100 cm, moderately alkalinised, weakly decarbonised chernozem situated on loamy-sandy sands on a mother-rock formed of sands and with an underground water layer at 2-5 m.
Factor A was alfalfa seed norm with 4 graduations: 22 kg/ha, 20 kg/ha, 18 kg/ha, and 16 kg/ha useful seed.
Factor B was Alexandrine clover and orchard grass seed norm with 4 graduations: 0 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover + 4 kg/ha of orchard grass, 2 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover + 4 kg/ha of orchard grass, 4 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover + 4 kg/ha of orchard grass, and 6 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover + 4 kg/ha of orchard grass.
We used the following cultivars: - Magnat in alfalfa;
- Tigris in Alexandrine clover; - Ovidiu in orchard grass.
The pre-emergent plant was spring oats. In order to prepare seedbed, we did the same mechanical works as in the previous experiment.
We ensured an agro-fund of N50P50K70. Harvestable area of the plot was of 10 m2.
Results and Discussions
The year 2001 had a thermal regime specific to the area (11.20C), with a positive small deviation of the annual mean (0.360C). Rainfalls were pretty abundant with a total of 693.9 mm, i.e. 188.7 mm more than multi-annual mean (over 50 years). We can say that the year 2001 was a very favorable year for agricultural crops.
In the year 2002, annual mean temperature was of 11.020C, i.e. a very small positive deviation from the multi-annual mean (over 50 years) of 0.130C. The hottest months were June and July, with monthly mean temperatures over 300C sometimes. From the point of view of rainfalls, the year 2002 recorded an annual sum (509.8 mm) very close to the multi-annual one (507.1mm), but distributed unevenly during vegetation. There were months with rainfall deficit (March, April) and months with exceeding rainfalls (August, September).
alfalfa - the other variants have low yields and the difference have negative statistic signification.
By adding Alexandrine clover to mix between alfalfa and orchard grass, the green matter yield increase very significant in all cases. The best variant is 6 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover + 4 kg/ha of orchard grass, because the yield registered was high with 19% then control variant sowed with 0 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover + 4 kg/ha of orchard grass.
Table 1. Yield results concerning green matter, amount of harvest , 2001
Alfalfa seed norm (kg/ha)
Green matter yield (t/ha)
Average B % Dif. Semn. Alexandrine clover + orchard grass
seed norm (kg/ha) 0 + 4 2 + 4 4 + 4 6 + 4
22 58.8 61.9 64.5 70.0 63.8 100 -
20 58.0 59.8 62 66.5 61.5 96 -2.3 000
18 54.5 56.8 59.8 64.3 58.9 92 -4.9 000
16 47.8 52.3 56.5 59.5 54.0 85 -9.8 000
Average A 54.8 57.7 60.7 65.1 LSD 5% 1.0
% 100 105 111 119 1% 1.4
Dif. 2.9 2.9 10.3 0.1% 1.8
Semn. xxx xxx xxx
LSD 5% 0.8; LSD 1% 1.1; LSD 0.1% 1.4
Table 2 Yield results concerning green matter, amount of harvest , 2002 Alfalfa seed
norm (kg/ha)
Green matter yield (t/ha)
Average B % Dif Semn Alexandrine clover + orchard
grass seed norm (kg/ha) 0 + 4 2 + 4 4 + 4 6 + 4
22 40.3 44.2 46.5 41.5 43.1 100
20 40.0 41.8 45.2 44.5 42.8 99 -0.3
18 37.5 39.8 41.7 41.0 40.0 93 -3.1 000
16 34.3 35.5 40.0 39.8 37.4 87 -5.7 000
Average A 38.0 40.3 43.3 41.7 DL 5% 0.8
% 100 106 114 110 1% 1.1
Dif 2.3 5.3 3.7 0.1% 1.7
Semn xx xxx xxx
LSD 5% 1.6; LSD 1% 2.2; LSD 0.1% 2.9
Alexandrine clover was disappearing completely from field because this kind of clover is not perennial.
The table 2 contains the green matter yields obtained in the second year of experiments. The waiting for the green matter yield in 2002 was high because in second year of culture, the alfalfa provides a better yield. Contrary expectations, the adverse climatic conditions determine decrease of yield, witch was registered between 34,3 t/ha and 45,2 t/ha.
Regarding the first factor tested the yield decrease in the same time with decrease the norm seed for alfalfa and the differences registered have negative significances.
On the other side, the influence of the Alexandrine clover in the precedent year is obvious. The highest production was obtained for the variant with 4 kg/ha Alexandrine clover + 4 kg orchard grass – with 14 % in plus comparative with control variant. The difference was very significant.
Conclusions
Green matter production in 2001 in the variants sowed with different norms of alfalfa, to which we added between 0 and 6 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover and a fixed amount of orchard grass varied between 47.8 t/ha and 70 t/ha. Supplementing alfalfa sowing norm with Alexandrine clover and orchard grass led to important increases of green matter production: up to 19% in green matter compared to the variants without Alexandrine clover. Even if Alexandrine clover is no longer included in the culture, the effect of its presence in the previous year is manifest through significant yield increases. In 2002, the best results were in the variant for which we had sowed the previous year 22 kg/ha of alfalfa + 4 kg/ha of Alexandrine clover + 4 kg/ha of orchard grass: 43.3 t/ha of green matter.
Bibliography
1. Dragomir, N., (2004) – Tehnologia de cultivare a pajiştilor şi a plantelor furajere, Ed. Eurobit, Timişoara
2. Knight, W.E., (1985) – Berseem clover, In: N.L. Taylor, Clover science and tehology, A.S.A Monog. 25. Madison, W.I
3. Răducanu, C., Lenuţa Drăgan, Moga I., (1999) – Date experimentale noi în domeniul amestecurilor de plante furajere anuale, AN. ICCPT, vol.LXVI:257-262
INFLUENŢA RAPORTULI DE SEMĂNAT ÎNTRE LUCERNĂ
ŞI TRIFOI ALEXANDRIN CU ADAOS DE GOLOMĂŢ
ASUPRA PRODUCŢIEI DE MASĂ VERDE
OPROI ADRIANA CRISTINA.*, DRAGOMIR N.**, PEŢ I.*, DRAGOMIR CARMEN*
*Staţiunea de Cercetare - Dezvoltare Agricolă Lovrin **Facultatea de Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii Timişoara, Romania
Se cunoaşte faptul că lucerna în primul an de vegetaţie are un ritm de creştere mai lent şi că aceasta constituie un inconvenient pentru obţinerea unor producţii economice de masă verde, respectiv substanţă uscată. Un alt aspect negativ provine din faptul că datorită ritmului lent de creştere, lucerna nu reuşeşte să acopere eficient terenul şi ca urmare nu este competitivă cu buruienile, care pot să diminueze şi mai mult recolta. Pornind de la aceste afirmaţi, s-a testat posibilitatea cultivării lucernei sub plantă protectoare – trifoiul alexandrin- şi cu adaus de golomăţ (cunoscându-se faptul că trifoiul alexandrin asigură producţiile cele mai mari la coasa I şi II) în scopul de a mări producţia de masă verde în anul I de cultură a lucernei
