Traveller
H.Q. Mitchell
test booklet
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Traveller
Test 1
Module 1
...5
Test 2
Module 2...
10
Test 3
Module 3
...15
Mid-term Test
...20
Test 4
Module 4
...26
Test 5
Module 5...
31
Test 6
Module 6
... .36
Final Test
...41
Contents
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Traveller
A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
Test 1
Module 1
1. VOCABULARY
B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.
Traveller
1. The Global Health Charity Organisation held a rock festival last week, the of which are going towards famine relief in central Africa.
a. winnings b. proceeds c. earnings d. savings
2. After trying every trick in the book to get the boys to conform, the principal had no choice but to give them a ten-day for repeatedly violating the school rules.
a. expulsion b. assessment c. instruction d. suspension
3. Even though I’ve known Sven for so many years, I only found out yesterday that his mother is from Moscow, so he’s
Russian.
a. part b. slightly c. a bit d. somewhat 4. I will use this example to my point.
a. portray b. illustrate c. depict d. sketch
5. Jason is a very capable individual, not only is he exceptionally good at his own business but he is also involved in a lot of charity work.
a. doing b. making c. running d. operating
6. As a(n) you receive most of your training on the job while working for an employer who helps you learn the necessary skills for a particular trade.
a. exchange student b. apprentice c. instructor d. collaborator 7. He donated the he received for the reproduction of his play to various charities. a. alimony b. bonus c. royalties d. commission 8. Although I wear designer clothes, I wait for the sales to get them a discount.
a. in b. at c. on d. for 8
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1. The interviewer told me that unfortunately I was for the position in QUALIFY question as I significantly exceeded the job requirements.
2. The fact that unemployment numbers have reached levels is causing PRECEDENT
wide-spread concern.
3. Paying for expensive goods using monthly is a convenience but you need INSTALL to keep your spending in check because it can easily get out of hand.
4. I’m saving the weekly my parents give me in the hope that I can spend the ALLOW year after I finish school travelling.
5. Not only did I find the lecture on genetics boring but I also found it . COMPREHEND
6. Diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis and malaria continue to affect populations in developing countries FUND because research efforts are .
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7. The that Jenny received hardly made up for the emotional distress of COMPENSATE losing her pet dog.
8. developments in gene therapy are set to help people with a predisposition ORDINARY to a particular disease deal with it before its onset.
C. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences below.
1. Corporal / Capital punishment is considered by a large majority of pedagogists to be an unacceptable way to discipline
unruly children.
2. I was really annoyed when I had to fork / splash out a huge sum of money to fix the windowpane in my lounge when the
parents of the kid who broke it refused to pay for it.
3. Vocational / Tertiary training is essential for those who wish to develop expertise and practical knowhow for a specific
line of work.
4. I have difficulty memorising facts so I always found experiential / rote learning to be extremely difficult and
time-consuming.
5. I am never buying from that mini-market again as everything is so overpriced; it’s a clear case of armed / daylight
robbery.
6. It’s going to take the better part of my life to buy / pay off my mortgage.
7. She felt she had to get out of the building because a nagging premonition / foresight told her that something was going to
go terribly wrong.
8. The severance / compensation pay I received after getting fired helped tide me over until I found myself a new job.
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A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
. gRAmmAR
1. He must be very clumsy because this is the fifth time he down the stairs. a. falls b. is falling c. has fallen d. has been falling 2. I on this assignment all day but it’s still nowhere near finished.
a. work b. am working c. have worked d. have been working 3. If he , tell him that the deal hasn’t gone through yet.
a. call b. called c. should call d. will call
4. I am more than willing to lend you my laptop you give it back to me before the weekend. a. supposing b. unless c. as long as d. should
5. King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand currently the largest faceted diamond, known as The Golden Jubiliee Diamond.
a. owns b. is owning c. has owned d. has been owning
6. _______________ you apply yourself throughout the year, you cannot expect to get a distinction in the end of year
exams.
a. Unless b. Provided c. Supposing d. On condition
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B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.
7. Samuel is studying to be a paediatrician, so he England for the last four years. a. has gone to b. has been in c. has been to d. is in
8. I’ve always considered her to be a model; I don’t know why the model agency felt that her height was insufficient.
a. too tall b. very tall c. quite tall d. tall enough
C. Complete the blanks using the words in the box. There are two extra words which you will not need to use.
1. I studied very hard because I wanted to do my in the language exam I sat for this morning. 2. I find this to be one of the mundane tasks I have ever been called upon to do.
3. Your score in the vocabulary test is pretty satisfactory but I’m sure you have the potential to do
even .
4. My son is not of a swimmer so when we go to the sea I have to be on my guard.
5. I personally believe that the you worry about something, the worse you make the situation. 6. I was worried about my exam results which were coming out the next day that I couldn’t get
a wink of sleep.
so least most better best more much too
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6
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1. I started playing the piano ten years ago but I still haven’t mastered it.
BEEN
In spite of the fact that I , I still haven’t mastered it.
2. I think that you should seriously consider participating in an exchange programme as it would do you the world of good. POSITION
If I participating in an exchange programme as it would do you the world of good.
3. Out of the two I think I liked the second restaurant the least.
BETTER
I think that the one.
4. I suggest you speak to your lecturer in person to explain why you didn’t hand in your assignment on time instead of
sending him an e-mail. IDEA
Instead of sending your lecturer an e-mail I think to him in person to explain why you didn’t hand in your assignment on time.
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They conversed of things I had never heard of; of nations and times past; of countries far away; of secrets of nature discovered or guessed at: they spoke of books: how many they had read! What stores of knowledge they possessed! Then they seemed so familiar with French names and French authors: but my amazement reached its climax when Miss Temple asked Helen if she sometimes snatched a moment to recall the Latin her father had taught her, and taking a book from a shelf, bade her read and construe a page of Virgil; and Helen obeyed, my organ of veneration expanding at every sounding line. She had scarcely finished ere the bell announced bedtime: no delay could be admitted; Miss Temple embraced us both, saying, as she drew us to her heart -
“God bless you, my children!”
Helen she held a little longer than me: she let her go more reluctantly; it was Helen her eye followed to the door; it was for her she a second time breathed a sad sigh; for her she wiped a tear from her cheek.
On reaching the bedroom, we heard the voice of Miss Scatcherd: she was examining drawers; she had just pulled out Helen Burns’s, and when we entered Helen was greeted with a sharp reprimand, and told that tomorrow she should have half-a-dozen of untidily folded articles pinned to her shoulder.
“My things were indeed in shameful disorder,” murmured Helen to me, in a low voice: “I intended to have arranged them, but I forgot.”
Next morning, Miss Scatcherd wrote in conspicuous characters on a piece of pasteboard the word “Slattern,” and bound it like a phylactery round Helen’s large, mild, intelligent, and benign-looking forehead. She wore it till evening, patient, unresentful, regarding it as a deserved punishment. The moment Miss Scatcherd withdrew after afternoon school, I ran to Helen, tore it off, and thrust it into the fire: the fury of which she was incapable had been burning in my soul all day, and tears, hot and large, had continually been scalding my cheek; for the spectacle of her sad resignation gave me an intolerable pain at the heart.
About a week subsequently to the incidents above narrated, Miss Temple, who had written to Mr. Lloyd, received his answer: it appeared that what he said went to corroborate my account. Miss Temple, having assembled the whole school, announced that inquiry had been made into the charges alleged against Jane Eyre, and that she was most happy to be able to pronounce her completely cleared from every imputation. The teachers then shook hands with me and kissed me, and a murmur of pleasure ran through the ranks of my companions.
Thus relieved of a grievous load, I from that hour set to work afresh, resolved to pioneer my way through every difficulty: I toiled hard, and my success was proportionate to my efforts; my memory, not naturally tenacious, improved with practice; exercise sharpened my wits; in a few weeks I was promoted to a higher class; in less than two months I was allowed to commence French and drawing. I learned the first two tenses of the verb ETRE, and sketched my first cottage (whose walls, by-the-bye, outrivalled in slope those of the leaning tower of Pisa), on the same day. That night, on going to bed, I forgot to prepare in imagination the Barmecide supper of hot roast potatoes, or white bread and new milk, with which I was wont to amuse my inward cravings: I feasted instead on the spectacle of ideal drawings, which I saw in the dark; all the work of my own hands: freely pencilled houses and trees, picturesque rocks and ruins, Cuyp-like groups of cattle, sweet paintings of butterflies hovering over unblown roses, of birds picking at ripe cherries, of wren’s nests enclosing pearl-like eggs, wreathed about with young ivy sprays. I examined, too, in thought, the possibility of my ever being able to translate currently a certain little French story which Madame Pierrot had that day shown me; nor was that problem solved to my satisfaction ere I fell sweetly asleep.
line 32
. READINg
Read the text and answer the questions 1-. Choose a, b, c or d.
Published in 1847, this critically acclaimed novel tells the story of a young girl who overcomes great adversity and blossoms into an independent woman of impeccable character. Orphaned at a young age, Jane spends her early years at Lowood, a charity school for girls, where the pupils are forced to live in appalling conditions. When the headmaster, Mr Brocklehurst, brands Jane a liar in front of the entire school, Jane is determined to clear her name, and she enlists the help of the kindly superintendent, Miss Temple. Miss Temple offers to write to Mr Lloyd, an apothecary who treated Jane in the past, to verify that Jane is indeed an honest girl. As the extract begins, Jane and her friend, Helen, are having tea with Miss Temple.
Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë
Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë
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1. How does Jane feel while listening to Helen and Miss
Temple converse?
a. fascinated by their wealth of knowledge
b. bored by their constant references to French authors c. envious of the fact that Miss Temple seems to favour
Helen over her
d. frustrated at her inability to participate in the
conversation
2. Why did the girls leave Miss Temple?
a. Miss Temple suggested that they should go. b. Miss Temple was too moved to continue the
conversation.
c. They had to go to their bedroom immediately. d. Miss Scatcherd was waiting for them in their
bedroom.
3. How does Helen feel about her punishment? a. She’s furious.
b. She feels she’s been mistreated and plans to take
revenge on Miss Scatcherd.
c. She is accepting of her punishment.
d. She feels angry and complains to Jane about it. 4. Why does Jane throw the pasteboard that was tied to
Helen’s head into the fire?
a. She could no longer bear to watch her friend’s passive
acceptance of an unjust punishment.
b. She wanted her friend to realise that Miss Scatcherd
was wrong.
c. She couldn’t stand seeing her friend crying.
d. It was the least she could do to take revenge on Miss
Scatcherd.
5. The word ‘imputation’
in line 32 means:
a. judgement b. criticism c. deceit d. blame
6. What’s the ‘grievous load’ Jane mentions in line 34? a. Mr Lloyd’s letter to Miss Temple.
b. The inquiry made by Miss Temple. c. The unfair accusation of Jane being a liar. d. The lack of trust from Jane’s companions.
7. What does Jane do once Miss Temple announces that
her name has been cleared?
a. She turns her attention to her studies. b. She tries to improve her memory. c. She begins studying for a French test. d. She decides to become an artist.
8. Jane sketches her first cottage and, that night, it seems
that
a. she experiences a feeling of complete satisfaction. b. she realises that she should focus on drawing
landscapes.
c. she has changed her fantasies.
d. she sets new goals after reviewing what has happened
during the day.
You will hear an employment expert giving a speech at a job fair. The topic of his speech is: ‘Jobs that didn’t exist ten years ago’. For questions 1- complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
. LIstENINg
1. The new job opportunities that have arisen can perhaps offer those looking for a job greater career
in the future.
2. Many companies are letting their customers know what are available to them through
social networking sites.
3. A social media manager’s responsibilities include making the public more aware of a . 4. Bloggers are required to have strong and .
5. Business continuity planners come up with to ward off attacks from cyber space or
even terrorists.
6. Among the services telecommuters offer large companies are customer service and . 7. Video game manufacturers want their games to be both and enjoyable.
8. The global economic crisis has given some new business opportunities. 9. Hiring an interior redesigner is a way to give your home
a new appearance. 16 SCORE 80 TOTAL SCORE 18 SCORE
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A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
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SCORE
Test 2
Module 2
1. VOCABULARY
1. Although the food at this diner is nothing to write home about, the service is as the waitresses are very polite
and efficient.
a. unspoilt b. idyllic c. outstanding d. lush
2. Edwin Anderson is a double agent who remains a(n) figure throughout the novel as the reader never finds out
his true identity.
a. shadowy b. prosperous c. commendable d. exclusive
3. Edward VIII reigned as King for a short period of time and was the only British monarch to voluntarily the
throne.
a. extinguish b. relinquish c. vanquish d. distinguish
4. This seminar a large variety of activities that are sure to help you achieve the level of competency required to
work independently.
a. enables b. encloses c. encompasses d. enchants
5. The witness’s testimony gave to the defendant’s claim that he had been dining at Harrington’s at the time of the
murder.
a. vent b. lie c. ground d. place
6. Having not thought of an alternative course of action, I found myself in a difficult situation when my plan .
a. backwashed b. backlashed c. backtracked d. backfired 7. If he accepted the promotion, it would involve him being to the head offices in France.
a. transformed b. transported c. transferred d. transmitted 8. Local delicacies make trying the cuisine worth your while.
a. lush b. traditional c. elegant d. vibrant
B. Use the word given to form a suitable idiom and complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
1. I personally would feel terribly embarrassed wearing a dress like the one Sally wore to the party yesterday night. DEAD
I personally wearing a dress like the one Sally wore to the party yesterday night.
2. Mary really offended John yesterday when she said that he didn’t stand a chance of getting into law school. FOOT
Mary really when she said that John didn’t stand a chance of getting into law school.
3. I was extremely frightened when I heard a growling noise coming out of my wardrobe; fortunately it was only my brother
playing a prank on me. SKIN
I nearly when I heard a growling noise coming out of my wardrobe; fortunately it was only my brother playing a prank on me.
4. I found it difficult to look serious when my supervisor, who is never at a loss for words, sat speechless looking mindlessly
at a colleague of mine who threw her resignation in his face. FACE
I found it difficult to when my supervisor, who is never at a loss for words, sat speechless looking mindlessly at a colleague of mine who had thrown her resignation in his face.
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12 SCORE 8 SCORE1. It is said that when the great queen died she was along with her favourite jewellery.
2. After bumping his head, Andrew became terribly and found it difficult to find his way back
to the camp.
3. Jack found himself overpowered when he attempted to single-handedly the burglars he saw
breaking into his neighbour’s house.
4. My husband had a luxurious suite with a balcony overlooking the sea for our silver wedding
anniversary.
5. I would appreciate it if you would from smoking in my presence as I have an allergy to
cigarette smoke.
6. The ring particles that around Saturn are made up almost entirely of water ice. 7. The passengers all forward when the bus driver suddenly slammed on the brakes.
8. Until the necessary arrangements have been finalised, the illegal immigrants who are to be
are being kept at removal centres.
disarm orbit deport inter disorientate refrain lurch reserve
5. Samantha has been very happy ever since she got a place on that graduate training scheme. CLOUD
Samantha ever since she got a place on that graduate training scheme.
6. Ben had never met any of Sissy’s relatives so he felt really uncomfortable and out of place at her family get-together. FISH
Ben had never met any of Sissy’s relatives so he felt at her family get-together.
C. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.
D. Complete the sentences below by using prepositions to complete the prepositional phrases. 1. I work walking distance from my house so I save a heap on daily transportation expenses.
2. This quaint little village is quite literally the middle of nowhere, so make sure you take plenty of supplies
with you.
3. Living the outer suburbs means I get the best of both worlds because I can enjoy the wide open spaces but
still live close enough to commute to the city centre on a daily basis.
4. Make sure that you are in top form before going on a bicycle vacation that takes you the beaten track. 5. I love visiting my grandmother who lives in a picturesque, little cottage situated the outskirts of town. 6. Just the coast of the peninsula one could see the battered bow of what had once been a majestic ship jutting
out of the water.
7. my way to work yesterday I bumped into an old friend of mine, whom I hadn’t seen since graduating from
college five years ago.
8. Legend has it that he buried the treasure the foot of a mountain under a crooked, little olive tree.
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A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
. gRAmmAR
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1. When I was young my grandfather a lot of time with me and he often took me fishing at the weekend. a. was spending b. had spent c. would spend d. did spend
2. I was about to start cooking but then the phone rang and I spent the next forty minutes telling Sally about the splendid
wedding reception I the night before.
a. was attending b. had attended c. was going to attend d. did attend
3. The friend to I entrusted my secret betrayed my confidence by telling everyone what I had told her. a. whom b. who c. that d. which
4. My husband so bad tempered but now he tends to fly off the handle about small and seemingly insignificant
things.
a. was not used to being b. had never been c. didn’t used to be d. never used to be 5. The hotel at we stayed is considered to be one of the most luxurious in the vicinity.
a. where b. which c. that d. whom 6. The paintings, depictions of still life, contained allegorical symbolism.
a. most of them were b. they were mostly c. most of which were d. the most were 7. Last night, I ready to go to bed when, suddenly, I heard a noise coming from the basement.
a. got b. had got c. was getting d. had been getting
8. We decided to take a break because we non-stop for more than six hours and we were having difficulty
concentrating on the task.
a. had been working b. were working c. had worked d. worked
B. Rewrite the sentences using a participle clause.
1. I didn’t have her telephone number so I was unable to call her to invite her over.
2. The politician was in a state of shock after seeing the election results and he refused to make any comment.
3. I was ready to leave once I had finished my work.
4. The location of the hotel on a beautiful beach makes it a perfect holiday choice.
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. READINg
Read the text and decide if the statements 1- that follow are True, False or Not Mentioned.
With climate change and pollution wreaking havoc on our fragile environment, individuals and businesses alike have been forced to change their behaviour and adopt new practices in an attempt to preserve our natural heritage. ‘Green’ is, evidently, the new buzz-word – from hybrid cars to eco-friendly weddings, this new wave of environmental consciousness has impacted virtually every sphere of our lives. And nowhere is this shift in attitude more apparent than in the travel
industry, where ecotourism has become the fashionable choice for the eco-conscious traveller.
The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as ‘responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people’. Essentially, ecotourism involves travelling to unspoiled areas where protected plant and animal species thrive. For the ecotourist, the benefits of such travel are numerous, and include: observing (often endangered) flora and fauna; engaging with locals and learning about local culture, and even offering one’s services as a volunteer. Many countries have developed ecotourism projects that rely heavily on volunteer participation, these include: leopard monitoring and research projects in Sri Lanka; reforestation programmes in Ecuador and the various elephant protection projects in Botswana.
Ecotourism, when properly managed, enriches and empowers local communities. The money generated by ecotourism is channelled into the maintenance and development of local infrastructure and is also used to fund conservation initiatives. Ecotourism also creates jobs for locals. In some developing countries, such as Costa Rica, Nepal, Kenya and Ecuador, ecotourism is a thriving industry, and accounts for a large portion of the gross domestic product.
Ecotourism is low-impact, meaning that damage caused to the environment is minimal when compared with regular travel. Certain basic guidelines must be adhered to, for example, tourists are encouraged to explore their surrounds by foot, rather than by car. As a general rule, ecotourists opt for accommodation that makes use of alternative energy sources and they are careful not to waste water and other valuable resources. Tourists are expected to support local industries by purchasing local produce instead of imported goods, and are also required to show respect for local traditions and customs.
Successful ecotourism projects have been launched in a number of countries. In Kenya, for example, the Samburu people have turned more than a million acres of previously overgrazed land into a biodiversity conservation zone. Tourists are guided through the area by Samburu tribal warriors, and are afforded the rare opportunity to observe endangered African animals, such as Grevy’s Zebra and the reticulated giraffe, in their natural habitat.
Another notable ecotourism destination is the island of Borneo. Rich in flora and fauna, this island has much to offer the intrepid ecotourist, from rainforests and wetlands to mountain climbing excursions and botanical tours. Borneo is also home to the Sepilok Rehabilitation Centre, which was founded in 1964 to provide medical care for orphaned orang-utans. The Sukau Rainforest Lodge, situated on the banks of the Kinabatangan River, is a firm tourist favourite – this award-winning eco-lodge is built on stilts and runs entirely on rainwater and solar power.
Though many ecotourism projects have served to benefit local communities and preserve plant and animal species, some ecotourism initiatives do not meet the basic ecotourism requirements. In an attempt to capitalise on the increasing popularity of ‘green travel’, some countries have instituted controversial ecotourism projects that have violated the rights of the locals and significantly harmed the environment. In these instances, people living in natural areas have been forced to leave their homes without compensation, which has led to clashes over land rights. Attempts have been made to regulate ecotourism, but, until comprehensive legislation is passed, travellers would be wise to research ecotourism projects carefully and ensure that they give their time and money to legitimate initiatives.
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You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (a, b or c) which fits best according to what you hear.
12 SCORE 80 TOTAL SCORE
. LIstENINg
Extract 1You hear a woman talking to a colleague about her recent trip to Sweden.
1. The Ice Hotel
a. is redesigned in the spring. b. is constructed every winter. c. is torn down each November.
2. The man asked the woman if she’d taken photos of the
hotel because
a. she is an avid photographer. b. he wanted to see it.
c. it will eventually disappear.
Extract 2
You hear an advertisement promoting a competition to win a holiday at an unusual hotel.
3. To visit the Jules Undersea Lodge one must a. be a certified diver.
b. take a three-hour diving course. c. know how to dive.
4. To win a stay at the Jules Undersea Lodge, listeners
must
a. subscribe to Travel Now magazine. b. call the hotel for competition details. c. purchase the latest copy of Travel Now.
Extract 3
You hear a radio talk-show host interviewing a woman who works in the Amazon rainforest.
5. The radio talk show is about a. unusual job locations. b. unusual jobs.
c. unusual travel destinations.
6. The Ariau Amazon Towers hotel is built on stilts
because
a. the indigenous peoples asked the architects to build
it that way.
b. the architects felt compelled to protect the rainforest
ecosystem.
c. the views are much better from above.
16
SCORE
1. According to the writer, all aspects of modern life have been affected by the new eco-friendly trend. 2. Ecotourism has more benefits for ecotourists than for the local people.
3. Kenya is mentioned as an example of a country in which ecotourism has contributed to the strengthening of the
economy.
4. Ecotourists are expected to support local communities by staying in locally owned accommodation.
5. The natural habitat of Grevy’s Zebra and the reticulated giraffe in Kenya extends throughout an area of over a
million acres.
6. The Sakau Rainforest Lodge is a popular eco-friendly hotel in Borneo.
7. In some countries, ecotourism has led to conflict over land ownership and the exploitation of local people. 8. Ecotourism is a carefully regulated practice.
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A. Choose the word that best completes the sentence.
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SCORE
Test 3
Module 3
1. VOCABULARY
B. Match the two halves of the sentences.
1. The wind of change in global climate policies first blew
2. Students from the Royal Arts and Crafts Institute found themselves in the spotlight yesterday 3. If we are to successfully weather the storm, we will have to pool our technological resources 4. Scientists seem to be in a fog as to
5. The representative of the environmental group hit the nail on the head 6. The director of the company hit the roof
7. Being the only environmental activist in the group I found myself swimming against the tide 8. The conservation efforts that are being made are just a drop in the ocean compared to
1. Marsupials / Amphibians are a group of mammals that give birth to young that are premature and must spend time in a
special pouch to develop.
2. The amplitude / magnitude of the earthquake that struck just south of the U.S - Mexico border on the 4th of April was
7.2 degrees on the Richter scale.
3. Although it had been unbearably hot throughout the day, the light blizzard / breeze that set in after sunset made it
possible for us to get a good night’s sleep.
4. Knowing full well that their loved ones would have alerted the authorities of their disappearance, the hikers waited
patiently at the mouth / foot of the cave.
5. Renowned economists have openly stated that they do not expect a(n) upturn / turnout in the economy until the end of
the year.
6. Rescue efforts / Emergency drills need to be carried out on a regular basis to ensure that all those living in close
proximity to the volcano know what to do if it erupts.
7. The two satellites / meteors that orbit Mars were discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877.
8. All members of the board were in agreement that handouts / cutbacks would have to be made in overseas investments.
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a. when he said that environmental policies will have to be more aggressive to make a difference. b. to combat global climate change as quickly and efficiently as we can.
c. with the signing of the Kyoto Protocol in Japan in 1997.
d. when he found out that valuable financial resources were being squandered on projects with a low profit margin. e. what is needed to curb the unscrupulous squandering of natural resources.
f. how to deal with the unprecedented rate of environmental degradation.
g. when I mentioned that households should be charged depending on how much waste they generate. h. when they presented a sculpture that depicts the plight of Mother Nature.
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A. Choose the word or phrase that produces a grammatically correct sentence.
. gRAmmAR
6
SCORE
1. Fossil fuels are a source of energy because they take millions of years to form. 2. plants utilise the heat stored in the Earth to generate electricity both sustainably and
cost-effectively.
3. We are faced with an unprecedented rate of depletion because we are using up reserves faster
than they can be replenished.
4. In a bid to reduce their footprint, residents of this community have decided to use bicycles as
their primary means of transport.
5. depletion results in more ultraviolet light from the sun reaching the Earth, which disrupts
the food chain by changing the life cycles of plants.
6. All local residents need to do is put all recyclable items into one bin because the new plant
mechanically separates materials using highly engineered systems.
ozone non-renewable carbon resource geothermal power recycling
D. Complete the sentences with the correct word in the box.
1. My supervisor very pleased about the fact that we will not be able to meet the deadline.
a. couldn’t be b. mustn’t be c. shouldn’t have been d. can’t be 2. By the end of the year, I for this company for longer than I care to remember.
a. will have to work b. will be working c. will have been working d. will work
3. It is said that at that time valuable artifacts by him on the black market for more than one hundred thousand
euros a piece.
a. were selling b. had been selling c. were being sold d. had sold 4. If you want to speak to Kathy, you will have to hurry because she’s just .
a. about leaving b. about to leave c. to leave d. to be leaving 5. I was hoping to go to the theatre but it’s too late now, the performance started by now. a. will have b. shall have c. will be d. is going to be 6. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting but my mother to run some errands for her.
a. made me b. had me c. got me d. put me
7. Beth all night working on her assignment as the tutor was absent the next day and an extension was given. a. needn’t have stayed up b. shouldn’t have stayed up c. shouldn’t be staying up d. didn’t have to stay up C. Match the words in the box with their definitions.
1. tremors that occur after the main earthquake which are usually of a smaller scale 2. a large crack in the ground below the surface
3. being inactive for a long period between eruptions 4. shaking experienced during an earthquake
5. having recently erupted or likely to erupt in the immediate future 6. a gap that has opened up during an earthquake
7. a sunken area that looks like a big hole
8. molten rock under the Earth’s surface (called lava when it is ejected)
dormant active aftershocks rupture crater magma vibrations fault
8
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8. The monthly instalment at the end of the month without delay or else your car will be
confiscated.
a. is to be paid b. is being paid c. is to be paying d. being paid 9. The walls of the office were filled valuable paintings by celebrated artists.
a. in b. of c. with d. by
10. Despite his lack of experience, he get the job done without delay and managed to save the company a lot of
money.
a. could b. couldn’t c. was able to d. wasn’t able to
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B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.
1. I am pretty sure that they are presently renovating that hotel because I saw them delivering truck-loads of new furniture
just yesterday. BE
It was just yesterday that I saw truck-loads of new furniture being delivered so they that hotel.
2. Most people suspect that he was embezzling large sums of money while serving in the Ministry of Education.
HAVE
He large sums of money while serving in the Ministry of Education.
3. John will have to have a look at my car because it’s been playing up lately and I’m worried about it breaking down and leaving me stranded.
LOOKED
I by John because it’s been playing up lately and I’m worried about it breaking down and leaving me stranded.
4. It is possible that various conservation groups will deal with the severity of the situation by combining forces. MAY
It is by combining forces that the by conservation groups.
5. It is believed that his active involvement in crucial negotiation processes has defused a potentially volatile situation. BEEN
A potentially volatile situation by his active involvement in crucial negotiation processes.
6. Buying such an expensive present for your boss’s wife was completely unnecessary. HAVE
You such an expensive present for your boss’s wife.
7. Fortunately, the central heating system had been tested by an expert before we moved into our new home. WE
Fortunately, before we moved into our new home.
8. Ted and Sally got married 25 years ago and next Thursday is their wedding anniversary. WILL
By next Thursday Ted and Sally
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Seven paragraphs have been removed from the text below. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap in the text. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
Rich in marine life and bursting with kaleidoscopic colour, coral reefs are one of the finest examples of nature’s bounty. They’ve often been described as the ‘rainforests of the sea’, and with good reason: coral reefs are the key components of some of the most complex and diverse ecosystems in nature. In fact, about 25 per cent of all marine creatures, including fish, molluscs and sponges, either depend on coral reefs for food or use them as spawning grounds.
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Coral reefs are made up of colonies of tiny creatures called coral polyps. The polyps absorb calcium from the sea and use it to produce a limestone exoskeleton that expands as the creatures grow. Polyps feed on the larvae of shellfish, but they also need algae to thrive. Polyps enjoy a symbiotic relationship with algae – the algae live in the polyps’ tissues and provide them with nutrients; they also produce chemicals that help the polyps secrete their exoskeletons.
2
Ocean acidification is another reason why coral reefs are under threat. This occurs when excessive amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide (one of the causes of global warming), are absorbed by the ocean. The result is that sea water becomes more acidic, thus compromising the polyps’ ability to secrete their exoskeletons. If global warming continues unabated, it’s likely that all corals could become extinct within the next 100 years.
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Destructive fishing practices are one of the main reasons why the reefs of Southeast Asia are the most threatened in the world. Fishermen in countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines routinely use explosives or sticks of dynamite to kill fish, often causing irreparable damage to coral reefs in the process.
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Another problematic form of land-based pollution is agricultural runoff. This is water that flows from farms through river systems and into the ocean, and it often contains high levels of nitrogen and phosphates. Increased nitrogen levels in sea water cause an overgrowth of algae; as a result, the corals are deprived of sunlight and eventually die. High levels of phosphates can also kill coral by impeding the growth of the coral polyps’ exoskeletons.
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Many nations rely heavily on coral reefs for their livelihoods and food supply. The coral reef fisheries of Southeast Asia, for example, enjoy profits of about 2.4 billion dollars a year. In developing countries, roughly 25 per cent of potential fish harvests come from coral reefs. Fisheries worldwide employ about 38 million people, while another 162 million people are indirectly involved in the fishing industry. Should coral reefs continue to die out, the economic impact would be devastating, and many people would have to turn to alternative food sources to supplement their diets and their incomes.
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And it’s not just the fishing and tourism industries that need coral reefs to thrive; coral reefs are also indispensable to the pharmaceutical industry. Research has shown that some of the organisms that live on coral reefs, such as sponges and seaweed, produce chemicals that have antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties. These chemicals are the main ingredients of new medicines that are being formulated to treat a range of diseases and viruses. Thus, the degradation of coral reefs could have serious implications for the future of medicine.
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One way they are doing this is by applying low voltage electrical currents through seawater to crystallise dissolved minerals onto steel structures. When this is done a white carbonate is produced which is the same mineral that natural coral reefs consist of. These steel structures are then
colonized by corals at a very quick pace.
We can only hope that these and other efforts are enough to preserve our coral reefs for generations to come.
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You will hear a radio interview with a spokesman from a dolphin conservation organisation. The primary topic of conversation is how dolphins are affected by their encounters with humans. For questions 1- choose the answer a, b, c or d which fits best according to what you hear.
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. LIstENINg
1. According to Rupert Clarkson,
a. it appears that there is a special bond between humans and dolphins. b. humans falsely believe that dolphins are playful and friendly. c. dolphins enjoy interacting with humans.
d. because of their intelligence, dolphins appreciate interacting with
humans.
2. In addition to being a pleasurable pastime, swimming with dolphins a. can stimulate people to be more sociable.
b. can interfere with one’s brain function.
c. can have a therapeutic effect on some afflictions. d. can make one more energetic.
3. Rupert believes that if people were more informed about dolphins,
a. they would try harder to save them from extinction. b. more people would want to swim with them.
c. they would gain greater insight on human-animal communication. d. they could understand the behavioural patterns of other mammals.
4. How does Rupert Clarkson feel about people swimming with dolphins?
a. He is in favour of it.
b. He has some reservations about it. c. He believes it should not be allowed. d. He suggests that it could be potentially
dangerous for humans.
5. Dolphin-human interaction can affect a dolphin’s
a. ability to take care of its young. b. ability to breathe.
c. sociable mood.
d. eagerness to communicate with humans.
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A. Though the situation seems dire, steps have been taken to try to protect and sustain our remaining
coral reefs. Some of the reefs in the Philippines, for example, have been declared ‘no-go’ areas to protect them from overfishing. Also, some attempts have been made by conservationists to restore coral reefs. B. Coral mining is another issue that is of great concern
to coral reef conservationists. Coral mining involves the removal of large chunks of coral from reefs, usually for building purposes. The coral is then crushed and mixed with other materials to make bricks or cement. In the Maldives, for example, building materials are quite scarce and corals are the mainstay of the construction industry. The high demand for coral in the Maldives could potentially wipe out many of the coral reefs in the country. C. Aside from global warming and overfishing, one of the
biggest contributing factors to the decline of coral reefs is pollution. Because of rapid development in coastal areas, increased amounts of industrial waste, sewage, oil and pesticides are now being disposed of in the ocean. These toxins are harmful to the reefs, and pesticides in particular have been proven to interfere with coral reproduction and growth.
D. The decline of coral reefs will also impact the tourism industry. Half the gross national product of many Caribbean countries is derived from tourists flocking to their beaches and reefs. The Maldives and the Seychelles depend on coral reef tourism for a significant portion of their foreign income, and in Florida, USA, reef tourism is a billion-dollar industry.
E. Coral reefs flourish in warm, tropical seas, but polyps are extremely sensitive to increases in water temperature.
Global warming has caused the surface water of the ocean to become warmer and the polyps react to this rise in temperature by expelling the algae that they depend on for food. This process is called ‘blanching’: once the polyps have released the algae, they turn white and starve to death. F. Of course, it’s not just land-based pollution that has
impacted coral reefs. Marine debris (including plastic, glass and discarded fishing nets that are simply tossed into the ocean), has also caused significant damage to coral reefs. Floating debris, from plastic packets to bottles, can smother coral reef organisms or break down the coral structure entirely.
G. It would be difficult to imagine a world without coral reefs, but, according to a recent global study, this alarming prospect could easily become a reality. The study found that a third of all coral reefs are facing extinction, primarily as a result of global warming, overfishing and pollution. The loss of coral reefs could have a potentially devastating impact on tourism and the fishing industry, and on the economies of countries that rely on coral reefs for their livelihoods. But what are coral reefs and how do they develop?
H. According to estimates, 19 per cent of the world’s coral reefs have already died, including 50 per cent of the reefs in the Caribbean. This is in no small part due to the scourge of overfishing and the adoption of destructive fishing practices, such as dynamite fishing. In parts of the Caribbean, overfishing has wiped out virtually all the herbivorous fish that feed on the algae and seaweed that live on coral reefs. In the absence of herbivorous fish, algae and seaweed grow at a rapid rate and eventually kill the coral.
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MID-TERM
TEST
1. Despite being the boss’ nephew, his led to his dismissal.
a. commission b. incompetence c. flexibility d. premonition 2. Some lecturers are incredibly while others send you to sleep.
a. monotonous b. simulating c. simultaneous d. stimulating 3. Did you know that they’ve away with plastic shopping bags at the local supermarket?
a. done b. bid c. come d. broken 4. John bought a new laptop and is paying for it in monthly .
a. deposits b. instalments c. endeavours d. statements 5. My cousin Mark let my pet parrot out of its cage and told me he had it.
a. liberated b. incarcerated c. imprisoned d. restrained 6. Many universities now want to know what activities applicants have taken part in.
a. vocational b. corporal c. extracurricular d. maintenance 7. Steve was given several for unruly behaviour and finally was expelled from school.
a. assessments b. instructions c. suspensions d. grants 8. Today it is actually quite common for women to have to pay after a divorce.
a. income b. earnings c. compensation d. alimony 9. There’s a € 100 for not wearing a helmet while riding a bike.
a. fine b. punishment c. mortgage d. allowance 10. After winning the lottery, she took her friends on a spending .
a. rip-off b. spree c. rubble d. hop 11. When the guards are duty, they aren’t allowed to speak to passersby.
a. on b. of c. in d. at
12. Emily’s teachers congratulated her on being accepted to one of the most universities in the country. a. rural b. enticing c. prestigious d. effervescent
13. My grandmother women who don’t know how to cook and the fact that I can’t even boil an egg is a source of
embarrassment to her.
a. frowns upon b. gives vent to c. squints at d. plays down
14. The pilot informed the passengers that he didn’t expect that they would encounter any . a. exposure b. turbulence c. diversity d. opulence
15. This lizard can change its colour so that it in with its surroundings. a. sways b. blends c. roots d. weaves 16. We sat at the sun as it set on the horizon.
a. lurching b. shifting c. glaring d. gazing 17. At the farewell party, Graham finally .
a. walked on air b. kept a straight face c. let his hair down d. hit the roof
18. Try not to get on the wrong of Mrs Brown because she will make life in the neighbourhood very difficult for
you.
a. end b. side c. part d. mind A. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.
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1. VOCABULARY
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1. Even though they are terribly , they refuse to hire more people. STAFF
2. This film is ; a masterpiece I would say. ExCEPTION
3. His enabled him to amass a fortune. FORESEE
4. He was sentenced to 15 years for bribery and . CORRUPT
5. The consumption of coffee can cause sleep disturbances. ExCESS
6. The passengers were to hear that their flight would be further heart delayed.
7. Her unruly behaviour led to her from school. ExPEL
8. The facilities need to be improved if we want the hotel to RECREATION
make a profit this year.
B. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in capitals.
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1. ‘Matt, you look worried. What’s happened?’
‘ the news about the earthquake.’
a. I’ve just heard b. I’ve just been hearing c. I’m just hearing d. I just hear 2. I really reading poetry.
a. am loving b. have loved c. have been loving d. love 3. If you what I went through, you would be more sympathetic.
a. knew b. know c. would know d. have known 4. They English for more than five years and can speak quite fluently.
a. have learnt b. have been learning c. learn d. are learning 5. Ted has a busy schedule but makes sure he his friends every Thursday evening when they meet at their
favourite restaurant.
a. has seen b. sees c. has been seeing d. is seeing 6. I think all the grammar tasks on the test were difficult, but the ones were the sentence transformations.
a. harder b. hardest c. more hard d. hardier 7. He has lots of cars, most of are antiques.
a. them b. whom c. whose d. which 8. Would you say that rock is popular than jazz?
a. far b. too c. a lot d. more 9. Ken looks amazing! He working out!
a. can’t be b. should be c. must be d. needs to be 10. Elaine had a bad cold for several weeks but is feeling better now.
a. much b. more c. enough d. too
. gRAmmAR
A. Choose the correct answer a, b, c or d.
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11. Hey, Catherine, what doing last weekend?
a. had you ended up b. had you been ending up c. were you ending up d. did you end up 12. escaped from prison and spent the remainder of his life somewhere in Africa.
a. He is believed that he b. He is believed to be c. It is believed to be d. It is believed that he 13. We’re getting new tiles in our bathroom next weekend.
a. installed b. to be installed c. installing d. install 14. We for hours and hours when we had final exams.
a. had been studying b. used to study c. would have studied d. had studied 15. If you play with matches, you .
a. would get burnt b. burnt c. burn d. will get burnt 16. If you , you might get into trouble.
a. don’t behave b. behave c. won’t behave d. will behave 17. The police are looking for a man by the name of ‘Snake’.
a. goes b. gone c. going d. is going 18. You me a new set of keys as I found my old set under the bed.
a. mustn’t have made b. can’t have made c. might not have made d. needn’t have made
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B. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words including the word given.
1. When he was younger, he was in the habit of going on long walks in the countryside. would
When he was younger, in the countryside.
2. You are always going to be paying lots of money for repairs if you do not get rid of that old car of yours. forking
You are always going to be you get rid of that old car of yours. 3. Let’s get down to work because as soon as we finish this we can all go home. faster
Let’s get down to work because we can all go home.
4. We had planned to make spaghetti, but then Dad came home with pizza. going
We , but then Dad came home with pizza.
5. I’m sure John wasn’t fired because he works harder than anyone else in the office. sack
John because he works harder than anyone else in the office. 6. Experts believe the amount of food and money being given to poor countries is not sufficient compared to the amount
that is actually needed. drop
The amount of food and money being given to poor countries ocean compared to the amount that is actually needed.
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With ever-increasing problems in schools nowadays, a lot of parents are considering alternative ways of educating their offspring. Homeschooling has become a way for parents to protect their children from peer pressure, bullying and other forms of juvenile delinquency. It’s not as easy at it sounds, though, as parents have to be aware of all the responsibilities of homeschooling. Simultaneously, children need to be familiar with technology and be able to use a computer and any other gadgets which may facilitate their learning.
Skeptics have often remarked on the pitfalls of such programmes. Primarily, one can’t help but wonder about the focus of the child and his/her grasp of reality; what connection does such a child form and develop with society and the rest of the outside world when it is stuck at home in front of a computer screen? Others question whether children can learn to be objective if they are not exposed to views and opinions of different people. Some wonder whether homeschooling may encourage further isolation.
Changes within society have already led to the confinement of children in their homes anyway. Where once children would play outside all afternoon, now they sit at a desk doing their homework. Their playtime continues indoors where they will typically be playing on their computer, a Nintendo or Playstation or just watching television. If one has no siblings, the whole idea of socialisation is left to the school and parents.
Nevertheless, many people feel the advantages of homeschooling outweigh the disadvantages. Some parents have said that this way of teaching has given them the opportunity to focus more on the development of the moral character of their child. They also claim that because the teaching is on a one-to-one basis, the education is as good as that provided by private schools. At the same
time it successfully distances their child from the less desirable elements of the formal education system: poor facilities, lack of materials and the resulting lack of school spirit.
Studies have shown that homeschooled children actually do better than their traditionally-schooled peers. In fact, they actually take the lead by 30 – 37 percentile points. In studies from as early as 1975, certain researchers actually recommended that children be kept away from the traditional school until at least the ages of 8-10 as the child goes through enormous upheaval when changing his/her environment for that of the school’s – a change they could better deal with around their ninth year. They also claim that the traditional schooling system does not encourage socialisation but, rather, peer dependence and it crushes a child’s self-esteem, originality of thought and optimism.
. READINg
Read the text and answer the questions 1-. Choose a, b, c or d.
New Ideas
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It remains debatable how practical homeschooling is; with working mothers and single-parent families trying to make ends meet, it’s difficult to envision a society where parents could take on such responsibilities. For those not in a difficult financial situation, it is obviously worth discussing. Well-adjusted, financially fortunate parents could indeed seize such an opportunity. Just the thought of protecting your child from discrimination, bullying and peer pressure is tempting. However, how can the state ensure that a child is properly educated, were this practice to become widespread? Concern over falling test scores definitely calls into question the value of traditional schooling methods. On the other hand, homeschooling has been linked with anti-social behaviour. It seems the government must take a better look at the education system and take measures to deal with any shortcomings.
1. What is the main objection to homeschooling? a. the expense
b. the suitability of the learning environment c. the quality of teaching
d. the isolation of the child 2. Nowadays, children are….
a. spending most of their time indoors. b. playing more Nintendo than Playstation. c. only socialising with siblings.
d. spending more time watching television. 3. What do many parents consider to be a significant
advantage of homeschooling?
a. the better facilities provided
b. the individual attention children receive c. children avoid travelling long distances d. children avoid undesirable company
4. Who score better according to research carried out? a. private school children
b. state school children c. homeschooled children
d. no relevant statistics are available
5. It is recommended that children not start school until
8-10
a. as they cannot appreciate the school environment. b. as they do not need to socialise until later. c. in order to encourage socialisation.
d. as they would have developed skills to handle the
change.
6. What is a main concern for the writer as regards home
schooling?
a. the economic practicalities b. the intellectual abilities of parents c. the social abilities of parents d. the smaller class sizes 7. The writer recommends
a. taking a better look at homeschooling.
b. a combination of homeschooling and traditional
schooling.
c. improvements to the education system. d. taking measures to deal with falling test scores.
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. LIstENINg
You will hear an interview with Mary Sue Martin talking about her tour operating company. For questions 1-5, choose the answer a, b, c or d which fits best according to what you hear. 1. What does Mary Sue say about her job?
a. She enjoys travelling with all expenses covered.
b. Writing up reports doesn’t let her notice her surroundings. c. It’s a dream come true.
d. It’s not as enjoyable as it seems.
2. What is true about holiday hot spots according to Mary Sue?
a. They go in and out of fashion.
b. Most hot spots remain popular in any season. c. There don’t seem to be any all-time favourites. d. They attract trendy people.
3. Where did the interviewer say he went on holiday the previous year?
a. to a location off the beaten track b. to Vietnam
c. to Spain
d. to Greece and Spain
4. What kind of clients does Mary Sue’s company attract?
a. people who like luxurious hotels
b. people who want to avoid busy, crowded places c. people who are willing to spend a lot of money d. people who won’t sacrifice their comfort
5. What does Mary Sue say about booking holidays?
a. It is best to book through a travel agent.
b. Some local travel agents don’t accept credit cards. c. Booking online is convenient.
d. Young people prefer booking online.
. wRItINg
An international magazine is inviting readers to contribute to a series of articles about celebrations in their country. Describe a celebration that is important in your country, explaining what its importance is and how it makes you feel.
Write your article in 250 - 300 words.
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A. Choose the word or phrase that most appropriately completes the sentence.
Test 4
Module 4
1. VOCABULARY
1. While hiking through the dense Amazon forest, I was bitten by a poisonous snake but luckily our guide had the
so I was back on my feet in no time.
a. antidote b. medicine c. remedy d. cure
2. Having lost a lot of blood he and regained consciousness only hours later in the Intensive Care Unit. a. packed up b. went off c. passed out d. knocked out
3. Mike’s so bossy! He’s always around giving everyone orders.
a. sprinting b. limping c. skipping d. strutting
4. I was so exhausted after spending the whole day giving my cousins from abroad a guided tour of the sights in the city
that I slept like a(n) .
a. baby b. log c. pigeon d. ape
5. A special committee has been set up to watch athletes suspected of using performance enhancers like a(n) .
a. hawk b. bird c. eagle d. pigeon
6. It is essential to have a routine checkup because an early of a life-threatening disease can go a long way in
assisting in its cure.
a. prognosis b. analysis c. diagnosis d. prescription 7. The minute Jodie entered the sports hall I waved to grab her attention and her over. a. patted b. beckoned c. grabbed d. nudged
8. When travelling abroad, it is a good idea to have a backup plan because things don’t always go like .
a. wildfire b. the plague c. clockwork d. wind 9. can be caused by eating too much or too fast.
a. Dehydration b. Indigestion c. Congestion d. Laceration
10. Although the players did their best, our team didn’t manage to for the finals of the World Cup. a. classify b. qualify c. intensify d. testify
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B. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1. Bad eating habits tend to alleviate / aggravate feelings of exhaustion and irritability.
2. To prevent dehydration / indigestion you need to increase your intake of fluids when working out.
3. A local anaesthetic is used for the extraction of one’s wisdom teeth but mine were so well rooted that I had to be put under / passed out.
4. It took me a while to deteriorate / recuperate after contracting a mild strain of malaria while travelling in Africa. 5. I sprained / strained my eyes after working all night on my computer to finish an assignment of mine.
6. Given that I am a staunch / firm fan of Arsenal, I never miss their home matches.
7. He is a key player without whom my team could not possibly have achieved the landslide / avid victory it did yesterday. 8. After ranking number one for a record 237 weeks, Roger Federer, world-renowned tennis champion, finally met his