Lecture 4-Types of Research

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RESEARCH ON

ELT I

Lecture IV Lecture IV Rida Wahyuningrum Rida Wahyuningrum English Department English Department Wijaya Kusuma Universi

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Types of resea

Types of research fall in

rch fall into

to

four categories:

1. 1. Ap

Appl

plie

ied

d Re

Rese

sear

arch

ch

2.Basic/Pure Research

3. 3. Obs

Obstrus

trusive Res

ive Resear

earch

ch

4.

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Applied Research

The purpose of applied research is

to solve an immediate, practical

problem

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Basic/Pure Research

The purpose of pure research is to

add to the existing body of

knowledge. It does not necessairily

provide results of immediate,

practical use.

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Obstrusive Research

This kind of research allows the

researcher to introduce conditions

that influence participants. In this,

the researcher manipulates the

environment.

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Non-Obstrusive

Research

In this kind of research, the

researcher avoids influencing

subjects in any way and tries to be

as inconspicious as possible.

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FOUR MAIN TYPES OF RESEARCH FOUR MAIN TYPES OF RESEARCH

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HISTORICAL RESEARCH HISTORICAL RESEARCH

Describes what was mostly non-obstrusive. Describes what was mostly non-obstrusive. It is a systematic process of searching for It is a systematic process of searching for information

information and and fact fact to to describe, analyse, describe, analyse, oror interpret the past.

interpret the past. Value

Value: providing prospective for : providing prospective for decisiondecision

making about current problems and issues are making about current problems and issues are often better understood if we understand the often better understood if we understand the historical perspective.

historical perspective. Sources

Sources: having good backed sources to protect: having good backed sources to protect from criticism and most common sources are

from criticism and most common sources are past records.

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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Describes what is mostly non-obstrusive. Describes what is mostly non-obstrusive.

It describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the It describes, interprets, and clarifies what in the

present, often done with surveys or by observation. present, often done with surveys or by observation. Example

Example: developmental research is one common: developmental research is one common

type of descriptive research which involves the study type of descriptive research which involves the study of changes in behaviour over a

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CORRELATION RESEARCH CORRELATION RESEARCH

Makes comparisons, looking for trends or Makes comparisons, looking for trends or tendencies.

tendencies.

The purpose is to find relationships between The purpose is to find relationships between two or more variable so:

two or more variable so: 1.

1. to to bebetttter er unundedersrstatand nd ththe e cocondndititioions ns anandd events

events that that we we encounter encounter what what goes goes withwith what)

what) 2.

2. to to prprededicict ft fututurure coe condndititioions ans and end eveventnts.s. 3.

3. CoCorrrrelelatatioions ns do do nonot t shshow ow cacaususe e anandd effect.

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CORRELATION RESEARCH CORRELATION RESEARCH Coefficients of Correlation Coefficients of Correlation:: -Range from -1 to 1 -Range from -1 to 1

-The farther the number is away from 0 the higher the -The farther the number is away from 0 the higher the correlation

correlation

-A negative correlation suggest an inverse effect -A negative correlation suggest an inverse effect -A 1 or -1 shows a perfect correlation

-A 1 or -1 shows a perfect correlation

-A correlation of 0 indicates no relationship -A correlation of 0 indicates no relationship

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EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Describes what will be mostly obstrusive. Describes what will be mostly obstrusive. It is a research situation where at least one It is a research situation where at least one

independent variable, called the experimental independent variable, called the experimental

variable, is deliberately manipulated or varied by the variable, is deliberately manipulated or varied by the researcher.

researcher. Variable

Variable: element or characteristic: element or characteristic being studied

being studied Parameter

Parameter: element that remains: element that remains

unchanged (age, number unchanged (age, number of subjects)

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IN SUMMARY IN SUMMARY

To sum up with, types of research To sum up with, types of research will go with the evidence of

will go with the evidence of

effectiveness (low to high).They can effectiveness (low to high).They can be summed up in a

be summed up in a simple and briefsimple and brief description as it will be shown in the description as it will be shown in the next slide.

next slide.

NEXT NEXT

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SOME OTHER TYPES

1 1.. SSuurrvveeyy 2 2.. EExx--ppoosst t FFaaccttoo 3 3.. QQuuaalliittaattiivvee 4 4.. QQuuaannttiittaattiivvee 5 5.. CCaasse e SSttuuddyy 6 6.. CCoommppaarraattiivvee 7 7.. CCoorrrreellaattiivvee 8. 8. ExExppererimimenentatal l (t(trurue ae and nd ququasasi)i)

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STUDENTS’ TASK STUDENTS’ TASK

Group Presentation II Group Presentation II

11.. CChheecck tk thhe te tyyppe oe of rf reesseeararch ch yyoouu are assigned for by looking into are assigned for by looking into which group you belong to.

which group you belong to. 2.

2. FiFind tnd thhe de detetaiaileled ind infforormamatitioonn about the type, which include: about the type, which include: a. Principles and characteristics a. Principles and characteristics b. Steps to conduct the research b. Steps to conduct the research

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STUDENTS’ TASK STUDENTS’ TASK

Group Presentation II Group Presentation II

3.

3. WrWritite e a a shshorort t susummmmarary y ababououtt point 1.

point 1. 4.

4. FiFind nd a ma mododel el of of a ra reseseaearcrch ph papaperer that suits point 1.

that suits point 1.

55.. IdIdenenttifify y whwhat at yoyou u cacan sn see ee inin point 1 upon the model.

point 1 upon the model. 6.

6. CrCreaeate te a a prpresesenentatatition on to to rerepoportrt what you accomplish in point 1 what you accomplish in point 1 and point 5.

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