ONSITE HANDLING-unit2

ON-SITE STORAGE AND HANDLING

1.

SCOPE AND OBjECfIVES

Improper storage of hazardous wastes can cause serious accidents. health and safety problems. and damage to the emironment. The objective ofiliisdocumentistopIm-ide

gUidelines for safe. on-site storage and handling of hazardous waste. Currently. solid hazardous wastes are temporarily accumulated on-site and periodically transferred10 local dumpsites for off-sire disposal. Liquid hazardous wastes are generally discharged into the sewerswith

or without adequate treatment. Gaseous hazardous waste can be in the fonn of "empry- cylinders containing residual gas

thatishazardous.orll"fl<'l"leddueto physical

or chemical reactionsoforner waste.

-I" tbecoWel1o/the co"Wwous efforts tomotlen,ue clIul e"baacetheu-eil-M"R ('{IN

£g)plio"people.I bOl'etbe pkasure 10 i"troducelheseetlsy-guw?SforHa=anblS- \f,b1'e Jlanageme7l111'b,<:b come as a" appIicaUo" of /au'-I (199-1J

These easy - gUides certify tbe cooperahon belllW" the Ime"'lIllStrif:':s.~w.'enJn,e'U, agencies andbotblbeell,1andlbe'nduslrlLu.so.:."ieties Su(.-b a cOCflemlKmCti'k#jsl)!t>nsahk

u'ben Itcomes to tbee,w,rrmnrelllalaspet-t5 tbatullimalt?~raa_-'llt! 10 tM

'.'/xJe

j(~-~' IemmOibUI gil'en~l'lhanks and awn>r:lOhon 10I~ulx, tu:blt:'ttd IbIS u"OlP't. pelrtk-:Jarly tbe Progmm SUfPO"l11i1 oflbeEEPP multbf:'.llini.stne5 ({IkrUit- Elet.mCII)'..~rk,:nihln? IlIIerior. Indusl,,·and Petro/f.'1,m

Fi"a/~r. 11ismy u'ishlhallhi.;;publlcahon basIlSefulll{l)Ik'OIJOllSmid~'rn~ll$d n'ft!n?r:.:t.~ 10 parties,m-ollmin generaling. 5/oring. IrrmsportmR-tn.wing. '#lspo5:in~""lln:'t.)'l.-lmg of hazardousIUlSlesinf~)p'- ~

2. REGULATORY

FRAMEWORK

Law4of1994is the overalllegalinstrument

that regulatesemironrnenul pollution rontrol

inEgypt. Articles 1. 5. 29. 30 to 33. 85. 88. 95. 99. and 101 to 10.. of thisLawand the ExecutiveRegulationsforLaw-t.Articles 2')

through 33 are the rele\"ant articles for

management of hazardous wasle_

3. UCENSE FOR HANDIJNG

HAZARDOUSWASTE

The applicant submits his application in writing containing rhe dala identified in Article 26, of the exeanh'e regulation. The license shall be \'alid for a maximum of :; years and subjed10renewal tAnicie 1--).

It canberevoked or suspendedif:

• Itwas obtained using false data,

• Its condition.<; are violated.

• Cnforeseen dangerous en,-ironmenral effects or new rechnologies make (he Iicen.se im·alid.

• If EEAA concludes that it is uns.:J.fe ro handle the waste_

4. CHARACfERIZATION OF

HAZARDOUS WASTE

According to Article.!8par.gr.ph 1Bojthe Executi'·e ReguLllions of law .1. en:r-y eslablishment must char.Il..""terize the waste generated in temlS of horh quantity and quality_ :\ new hazardous w:.L..:.te da...ifk""'300n system ha.." been pUI in place_

S. TYPES

OF STORAGE

FAaunES

Hazardous waste stor.l~ebcilities ('~n he either on-sire. at the property where the waste is generated_ or ofT-sire. ar a (.ummon hazardousv."35te Slordgea.nddi~1 facihty

EE."-"'- recommenJs me U'SCofthrtt ~-pes

ofon-Sill"Slora~fa(."ilil.ics.

• 5toragt." 10 dlUms. (onl.1lnmg Sffi.lH quamillC'::" oi h'lutd or~~Idw;,t:Sote 1e-.,1.."~· tohandle-.md~lk>'\.,.forc-.J....~.~t1O(l of inoxnp•.nihkv.--.a..'tes5U(h.1....com.N"e and re--,J....,j,,·ew L~es ~

• StorJji.?:t." 10 t.m',5 lor hulk qU.Jntltt(>S of

hqUld.. T.lnk... ·:"mheCOf'L"trU...'tt'd Jioo,,'e ground or hUlled underltfound EE."'-.\.

<.Joe;.fl(l( recOIlmend~1UflIdt:mks

t"'CllL<eojthe1:(omplexm~.md thehigh

m,k of em·iml,menul d.un.age uquid" Schould 1--:JX'1l<-dk.~. pumped to ,-'If\--sitc

rrt"'3trnen1s~~('J-~or1I:ln'iiem."d to t:.mkcrs for otl-slleU't;."".;lrne1ll Anddi.~1

• Stora.~10Ufg'.·((101.Uflcr'5.Igt"1lt"T"J.Uy,-\t"

Sled irom I1< !t)",on."10oC:.J.p.1cury} for

hulkqwnllt~of~--,jtd... 1be"':OOUlOt"f'S. an." d~llUled I ) be luuled hy trucks to

an o(f,slIedL"-r0'SOJI IJcllin-.100 rerumed

forreiilhng

:l§l!i!il'• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

IIIIIII.II

::'"::

•

lock should be properly l::.tbeled and kept in a secured office. A dupllcate or master key should be available in case of emergencies.

• Have at least two access gates: one for normal use, the other for emergencies. • Have a person responsible for the security

of the storage area.

• Be controlled: only trained personnel can enter the hazardous waste storage area. • Ilave a restricted area sign: a hazardous

waste storage area.

• Be well lighted for security at night. • Be designed to accommodate temporary

containment of spills and equipment to respond to spill incidences.

~

....

~

...•

_-_.

r.)nCO

Figure

I.

Sample Layout of a Hazardous Waste Storage Facility

2.'mol.""",,, "pacoImin,mu",)

•

'''''''''

[ggJ"[g8J

"

',-n<le, ~A

5p',jcoli,.;'ion""mp idl.inpipe

..,'''""mp

,

00

00

•

G8

H'",,""o I

,

[g8J

[gEj'

~.",,--Hie' Conl.lnmentv","

slope2"o

L,qu;d waste storage (tanks)

00

00

'""m,.,_•." Conc""eorbi'"minous

-,

liquid waste storage (drums)

G",'.mlna'IOOCU'O

•

responding to fire and othlCr eIllcrgency situations.

• Adequate separation of incompatible wastes, satt' movement of wash' (( lntainers using mechanical equipIllt'CI. and adequate access for inspecrion.

• Ignitable or reactive V\'aste C"oIid or liquid) should be stored ;.It least 1')nJcler" from the faCility's property line, Fi.v;urt' Is!lo'V,'s the lavout for such a facility

6.4

SHTRITY

Ie:>

',5me'.",:""",",,",,,

¢o

Gale

[g8J

00

G.,.

,

I:~:~l

,

[g8J [g8J

,

00 00

DD

,

,

,

Feo,",

00

00

,

Ignitable waste storage Solid waste stmage

,,

(drums) (bulk containers)

,

_{Solid waste storage}

:

(drums) 15 mete", [minimum)

,

iL_~._

...

~_

.._... "...".."..

The storage area should

• Be secured with a 3 meter \v:t11 or fence and have locked gate.". TilL' kn-" to the

6. REQUIREMENTS FOR

STORAGE FACILITY

• Must he a secure site with limited admission.

• Must be located away from slOrage areas.

particularly those for hazardouschemicds. and from drinking water sources and any residential areas.

• Must have access for loading, unloading. and responding to emergency situations. • Must have electrical pov..'er, including

emergenL)' powersupply.

• Must have a \vater supply for cleaning and firefighting.

6.1 LOCATION

6.2

CAPACITY

63

LAYOUT

Severdl fac10rs shouldbeconsidered such as present and projeaed waste quantities, types of wastes and their incompatibility, storage time, and cost of bulk versus drum storage including transportation and disposal.

Outdoor storage is recommended for ea."e of accessibility, handling, safety, and cost considerations. Indoor storage is vital to

protect srored waste from extreme heat or for other considerations.

Storage space should be laid outtocontain all types of hazardous ,,,aste produced by the industry.

Itshould proVide for:

• Access from at least two sides for

Figure 2. Drum Storage for Hazardous Waste Liquids

high (maximum)

Sump

Dmmst\votiers

Pallet

Aisle2.')m

(minimum)

4 drums per pellct (maximum)

20em

(minim\lm Label Fence or wall

c . ' ~

6.5 DESIGN

The most common type forSlOGlgeofliquid and solid hazardous waste are the 2())..liter steel drums. The drums should be made of orlined'\\ithmaterial.. that"illnotreaQ \\ith the hazardous waste (0beslored. liquid

wastes need aneJX>:\'}"--based coating or anti-corrosive paint for lining the inside of the drums.Solid\"\'aSte requires a polyethylene

liner for corrosive '\\"'3Stes. Drumsshouldbe stored upright on

wexxten

pallets.as sho\\n infigure 2.

Each drum mUSl be labeled and Slacked so the labelisvisible. The storage area should bedivided into two sections. one fordrums containing liquids and the other for drums

containing solids. A containment system 'witha curb sufficient to contain1(')'%of the

totaldrums "olurne should be built around the boundaryof the SlOr.1gearea for liquids. Thefloorshouldslope(2%minimumslope) to a collection area to remo\-e liquids

resulting from spills and leaks.

Vnderground tanks require double v.-alled construction. excavation. shoring, and leak

detection and monitoring systems. They

must have a corrosionresistaIUcoating and cathodic protection. Considering the complexity of installation and operation. and the high riskofemirorunemaldamage. it is not recommended to use underground tanks for the storage of hazardous \V35tes. This document only prO\ides guidelines for above ground tanks.

TanksofSleetor fiberglassreinforcedplastic

(FRP) should be installed above ground. Alltanks should be dearly labeledandha'-e sufficient structuralstrengthto hold contents,

becompatible v.ith the wastes to be stored and have corrosion protection.

The foundation for the tank shouldbea

reinforcedconcreleslabofadequatestrength

and thickness to prevent failure due to settlement. compression. or uplift pressure. Secondary containment can be prO\'ided by a double-waDed tank or a \'ault around single·walled tanks or group of tanks. Double-walledtanks should be designed as an integralstructureto contain anyliquid releases from the inner tank.

Vauh systems consist of a wall enclosing the tank area and should contain 1Wi}of the capacity of the largest tank in the enclosure. plus the estimated volwneofthe maximum 24-hour rainfall. as shown in figure 3.

These are rectangubr steel bins. fined with rigid CO\'ers (0 keep out r.Jin and en~ure

againsl wind dishursemem of m.ltenab They could range in l."'dpacity from 1[0..?o

Ions of solid hazardous waste:-. TIlt' comainers should be located on a concn'1.e pad with a minimum lhicknes...(, of -.::'l...1ll.

They should be c1e-.rl\·laheledandmarl<ed. Tahle1gi\'es specifk-ation.(, forhomvettil."'dl andhorizontal above ground Sloragetank~.

[-' ..., 'I F\II'TY CHF\l!C \L'"

l'()'\T-\!'\U\ ....

Improper useofempty chemical containers can result in serious risks. The owner uf the facility should detennine chemk--als tlut areharmfulto human health.ha.o;edonthe "taterial Safety Data Sheet supplied hy the manufacturer.

Di.';;poseof empty containers as follows' 1)Cardhoard boxes and paper and plastic

bags should he crushed on-:-.ite and disposed of along with solid hazardou.... waste.

2) SleetandpIasllcdnunsshouldhe collected by the supplier from the manuf:1l.'turing faciliry. If not they should he crushed on-site and stored separately from hulk stor.Jge for other hazardous wa:-tes

3)Steel drums elJl be sold to a scr.Ip metal redamation fadiIv. afterhetn~ thoroughl,-cleanedand decontamina'ed.and<-ru"ihed or cut up on-site.

-4)Dis-posahlelinesin...idethedrum.... should be removedanddisposedofashaz;udou,;

solid waste.

Coder no condition should an empty cont.ainer of hazardous chemicals he

dispa.-.ed of off-sile wilhout crushing lhe container on-site.

7. OPERATION AND

MANAGEMENT OF

STORAGE FAOUTY

-.1

ORG.-\-...

Iz.\nO~

.-\-...

0

RESI'O:\S: BlliTlES

E:<ouhla:;.h ,J team for m.anagemenl of

haLmJou.:;.",~.qe ,,,ith.l~Iedm.uuger with O\·er.J1I re::;.lOn:s.lblht~· .and au(horit~,

from lht.' POIOI ::tf F:ener.1tI0n 10 off-sile di5pos;.ll Teamme11l~should:<oupern.."ie

operallon:<o durir F: all s.hifts and io every

depal1Jll<'nt Thetram>hould!u,eregular

TTk.·'etm~

Teams :<ohould f''''l...-en'e tr3mm~ on W.1.5-te handhnF: pr.lllit es. pers,on.al he-31th .and safetyn'k.~.J."Uf'e'S.and~~.response

pmcrtfuR'":'-(or"~li.lL...

- . j

RECORD K..EEI'I:\G ....

:\0

THE

HVARIX'

n

\\:-\.STI

REGISTER

En:ry e';'lahlishnent s.hould m..tinUtn .,1

~i~ct Wllh (hef,,-~Ion.mgtniornutlOO II 'arne .Jnd.l&.~

at

theesuhb..~t. 2l 'arne Jnd I.'lh Hlle of the person

~for

maJJ1UlIllllll

thehaz;udou,;

n.'3.SIe~~et

:\1The pt"'nod cC""en-d~-the..::urrentdau -41 Any spn:I.l1 .'ondltion.... I.S,..,-ued (or the

e"l.ahlL.Jlmem hy EF_\..,,_

"I A 1is,1 of the (~~ ..md qU.;lntities of

h.1Zardou:<o v-as-Ie genef3IN hy the

e:r>I.3h1L....hmem~.J...1I\"1tJeS.

6).\tethod of luz.ardou.~w.J5o(edbposal

-l The n.J"1e~ ni panies <:ona--Ji<:ted for lrans,ponalu n .J:1d dls-pos.al of the hazardousn.-;~e

H)Daleofreporm~

- - -

-Figure 3. Tank Storage for Hazardous Waste Liquids

Fence or wall

3 meters (minimum)

Lahel

/

Containment

vault wall sump

TABLE

(l)

ABOVEGROUND STEEL TANK

MINIMUM WALL THICKNESS

IIORlZONTAL TANKS

\ll11imLlm

\ktal

Thil knc"is

(em)' I

I

.\Iaximum Diameter

(cm)'11

Thlckncss

«(

111)' II

Carbon Sted

,

Stainless Sted

1,800 121.92 0.236 0.180

2,000-4,000 162.56 0.312 0.218

4,001-34,000 193.04 0.424 0.292

34,001-132,500 36576 0.609 0.401

132,501-189,250 365.7

6

_{0.927 0.609}

VERTICAL TANKS

Shel]<2)

TIlickness (em

Y

1 )

Carbon Steel

Bottom

Shel1

12 )

Stainless Steel

Bottom

Top

< 4000 liters >4000 liters

0.236

0.424

0.236

0.609

(J 21 H

0.292

0.236

0.312

0.218

0.401

0.218

0.086

Source: Underwriters Laboratory, Inc.. L'L 1·i2, "Steel Aboveground Tanks for FI:I111mable and Combustible Liquids," (984)

Notes:

en

Dimensions are exclusive of corrosion allowance or variations in density11t't;mkcontents.

7.4 SEGREGATION k'lD STORAGE

1le:M:dwi.,Codr L'SEPA-. 1980..-\ methoo for detennining

Hazardous "";Isle compatibility. (lOO 2-BO 0-6

" "

,

,

,

2

Akohob&glwob

2

3

:\z(«lffipound.~_dcu<:>

,om"

~

ii:-

~ ~ H

8 &hnir;u~

E

F

G

GF

GT

H

P

5

L

Ifo'tidizmg .JcKb or

mirerab12'1aremL~ed\'\ilh

dlltio..--.:tm.mutesII.!'.they ou·-~(ehe.lliH).

flJrmuNe psIGf\,

;lfK fun.'" f.

---"--'

:~ ,e! H

".,

EX-",-'IPLE 10 ~~~- -~-- -Explosion Fire

InnocLious and non-fl:J.mnuhle~ ~'n()on FlanUTUhlega.'"gener.llion

Toxic~.s gt.~er.ltion

Heal generalion \ 'ialentpol~meriza.tjon

SolubiliLltion ofloxi\.'suosun('"t-....

'lay he hazardoushulunknov.TI

10

"

12 Ii H H

,

".

H

"

H " H

•

"

"

H H

•

H

•

'<

H H

H H H

H

i

!-! 11

,

•

G1" (;7-,-;r

,;f 'A;..Cf

H H H

..:;.. C.f (,f

;';T

" f (,f

H H L·f

II Cy..rude:> 12 Di~rhurulle.;

14 &h0"f"5,

---~

19 Kel.~

~leT'CC'O'pu=.~o···.-::...,;;;:;;---'-.T-"o---H---20 Of!I:J.ruc" - , ! f l d e ' : < . , , f '" If ,{ H !E'

!>1t''f.lk ..lkJ.lJ&~

21 t"uh.de-menu]

~,:Ih.I-~&~"""

22 ~md!..~~(.'Il.:

~Ie-.:lh&~teul(urnpo;..onili

23 1m" ~ 11

Mex='=pu=~=.=.:-::".:;:::...,:---~~'---'-'---~~----~---

~~,~~~'~rodeo=----___ccc_c;_-_.",,_---~----~----~~H~~ H .if~~f ~ ~~

15:\itCJdt>s f G~~H ! l f f H fj H i i

H H

G7 f !! e,

"

•

,

.·f

"

•

"

,

H

•

"•

H

,

H\'~_.iliplutK 28 WL'ioaflmllled

31 Ph<.-noi.&~

33 Sulfide;..~ H

"

,

H 11.:'1 ~~-~-

---

-

'-'~--'----,

H '!

,

., j j H

f f !

.

,

II If If "

-H " li

•

"

H ,',F ,Of , '! '!

"

,

H

,

H "

•

H "

• •

"

,

H

,

!I !! H H

!' ! ' ! '

H H H

[ [

H

, , ,

H H II

};I Epuxie:!.

eo"""'-.,--.-ilikC---c.--o"""""----,""C. ' . 0 _ ; : .

-101 ~ f

ID'llenah.TlU~

102 Ex~=

' c C ,

-103 Po.menr..Wk~

8. CLOSURE PIAN

Every facility should have Closure Plan to ensure that all hazardous waste is adequately removed.Itshould include:

1) A description of how each hazardous waste management unit will be closed, details of removal of residual hazardous waste, and decontamination of equipment, structures, and soils. 2) A description of the sampling and resting

procedure for the soils and groundwater to identify existing contamination.

3) An estimate of the total inventory of hazardous waste stored, including types and quantities of different types of waste. 4) A description of how and by whom the Wd.ste was transp=:>rted, and at which facilities the waste \vas disposed of off-site.

7.9 INSPECTION AND

MONlTORINC

Inspect at least once weekly, to look for leaking drums, tanks, and containers, and for deterioration of any of the containers. Also look for proper storage of the drums. labeling, segregation, aisle space access, handling equipment, personal protective equipment, and general housekeeping requirements. The secondary containment system also should be inspected at this time toensure there is no accumulation of dehris or blockage of the liquid collection and sump area. The walls of the secondary containment should be inspected to ensure that its integrity is maintained. The tanks shouldbeinspe<-1ed daily for overfill controls, leaks, spills, flow, level control, pressure, and temperature gauges. Sample inspection checklist are included on the following ruges.

~.8

PERSONAL PROffer

,c

I',

\ND

HEALTH AND S,\ITI',

5) \'(!ater at adequate volume~jndpressure.

Facility should prepare a ContingetlL')' and Emergency Response Plan that includes:

1)DeSCription of actions to respondIt)spills.

fires, and explosions.

2) Arrangements with the locl! poliu:, and fire departments, and hospiLlls to coordinate emergency se'Tices

3) List of names, addresses. :lnd phone numbers of emergency coordinators. 4) List of all emergencyrespon.~et'(juipment at the facility, including fir."t ;lid "lations and where they are located.

'S) Description of the evacu3!ion plan for facility personnel includingdetai!~of rhe signals to usc to start n-anI3tion, evacuation routes. and altemJteC\;lcuation

routes. Anemergcncy coordinator should be designated for the faciht}

In the evcnt of an incident. emergency coordinator should:

1) Ensure that any hazard()Ils wastes generated are disposed of in tilL' proper manner.

2) Ensure that all emergencv \.·qllipmcnt used and listed in the Contingencv Plan

is cleaned and fit for its intentlt'tl use hefore operations are resumed

3) Prepare a report on the incitltTJ! that includes:

a. date, time, and location of the incident, h. type of incident.

c. type and quantity ofmateri~llsaffected, d. an assessment of damage and extent

of injuries, if any,

e. an assessment of actual or potential hazards,

f. estimated quantity and type ofwasres generated, and method of di"'posal.

Personnel should be provided with the proper clothing and equipment to adequ:ltely protec1 them from exposure to the hazardous waste: protective coveralls, hard hal", safety shoes/work boots, safety g!a...;s\.·,,, ..~IO\es, dust and fume protective masks. air-pUlifying respirators with cartridges. spbsh resistant aprons, and disposahle coveralls.

;;:--

--~~-::--"

;:...

'<:

I~-j

li ..

"';;;,.l

·"1 "

;;~ilil:;;&!iIII

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

13.&.2• • • • • • • • •

",":!lf'"

7.5 WASTE HANDLING

7.6 PACKAGING AND LABELINC

Bulk liquid should be moved using pumps of material compatible with and capable of handling the type of liquid waste being stored.

During transfer of bulk solid hazardous waste, attention should be paid to spillage as of the waste is moved to the container. Drums shouldbetransferred using forklifts. which sometimes must be flame-proofed.

1) An internal communications or alarm system.

2) A telephone or hand-held tv.'o-way radio.

3)Portable fire extinguishers, fire and spill control equipment

4) First aid stations to include emergency showers, eye-wash facilities, basic first aid facilities, stretchers, fire blankets. emergency lighting, and luminous tape. Labels in Arabic should shov.' :

1)Clear signs or symbols indicating the hazardous nature of the contents. 2) The container's contents active

substances, and concentrations. 3) The original source of the waste. 4) Total and net weights.

5) Dare when the container was filled and when the waste was generated. 6) Name and contacts for the person

responsible for filling the container. 7) Safe storage method and \vaming about mixing with other reactive substances or wastes.

8) Personal protective gear needed for handling.

9) The best manner for dealing with emergencies (leakage, spills, fire, etc.). 10) Special precautions for opening and

emptying.

Dike

Tank BaseArea

SumpArea

Hazard Warning labels

Pipes.Valves and Fittings

AccessLadder

Tank

Fire Extinguishers

li~hting

Cracks. hroken

Cracks. uneven senlemem. spills or stains

Sumppump failure. vah'e failure.

doggeddrain. broken berms.cr.lCk..., etc

~tissingor dam.aged

Leaks.corrosion. ,,,I\"esstickin~.damaged vah"e handle. \'alves sticking.me(er,;;nor:

working. overfill control\':l.1n~malfufKlion

Corrosion, damaged

Leaks.conusion.pain!<ttippin~.damaged

Damaged. nor: (ested on 5(.·hedule

Bulbsmissingor nor working

, , ' c ...

\ ~;"".i;'~ 1 ·.<,~t.i\·. ~(

.f·~

) .. 'v

, \._' .. '. \, J L<

~\

(

<~/

",~,,-

.,'-['\'1'1 (

[10'\ III \1

Drum Segregation

Labels

Drum Conditions

Aisle's

P()II '\1[\1 PH( )JJU'\I'

Incompatihilities nOl segregated

Improper or no labels

Leaks, bulging

Not adequate space

' [ \ II S

Ai...ll'puhle [n,!(

(cpt.Ahle

()IN H\ ....'110'\')

Containment Area

Roof

Fence

Lighting

Fire Extinguishers

Spills, valve failure, sump pump failure,

clogged drdin, broken berms, cracks, etc.

Water leak.;

Broken areas, gate unlocked, key

misplaced

Bulbs missing or not working

Damaged, missing, not tested on schedule

i I

/~

..l

\