Comparision of various Wind Turbine Generators

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Journal homepage: www.mjret.in

ISSN:2348 - 6953

Atul More

Department of Electrical Engineering K.J.College of Engineering & Management Research.

Pune. India

Improving the Power Quality

Performance for

Distributed Power Generation

Abhimanyu Mane

Department of Electrical Engineering K.J.College of Engineering & Management Research. Pune. India

Vivek Khandkhure

Prof.Anup Dakre

Abstract

This project presents analysis and improvement of power quality (voltage sag,

voltage swell ) performance of grid connected inverter used in distributed

generation.The developed controller controls power supplied by the DGs at the

PCC. The controller is designed to deliver current at unity power factor at PCC. An

increase in reactive power demand and harmonics at PCC due to change of load and

grid impedance variation, would affect the system voltage at PCC.This project

proposes the structure of the designed controller consists of output power with

voltage control.

Keywords: Point of common coupling( PCC ),Distributed generation( DG ) ,Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

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1. INTRODUCTION

The aim of this work is to improve the power quality for Distributed Generation (DG). Power quality is the combination of voltage quality and current quality. The electrical power quality is more concerned issue. The main problems are transient distortions in the line voltage such as swells, sags and voltage asymmetries. Distributed Generation (DG) also called as near load site generation, decentralized generation, generates electricity from the many small energy sources.In recent years, such as photovoltaic generation systems, wind generators and micro gas turbines, etc., have increased with the deregulation of the power market. Under such circumstances the environment surrounding the electric power industry has become ever more complicated and provides high-quality power in a stable manner which becomes an important topic. Here DG is assumed to include PV panel. Advantages of this system are constant power supply, constant voltage magnitude, un-interrupted power supply.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Existing System

The existing predictive control is based on step wave control in support of voltage source inverters for both power and voltage control, however this method is quite complicated and some digital predictive control strategies suffers from control delay and mainly Controllers uses the DC link voltage as one of the control parameters but this method is not superior for PV based DG units without DC-DC converters. The existing control techniques, mainly focus on voltage sag compensation and interruption at PCC. The existing system mainly for 3 Phase supply

2.2. Proposed System

This paper focus on control of power for maintaining rated power at PCC ( Point of common Coupling) .The principle of voltage swell and sag control during load change local or grid impedance variation and propose system for 1 Phase supply.

3. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMNTS

1.MATLAB – SIMULINK 2.ORCAD/PS PICE

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4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4.1 Block Diagram description

 PV panel : 12 V DC.

 Transformer : Step down transformer 230v to 12v And isolation transformer

 Rectifier: Used for converting AC TO DC Supply(12v to 5v) for PIC

Microcontroller .

 Inverter: VSI Used for converting DC to AC Supply

 Driver circuit: It consist of

1) Buffer Ic HCF4050 2) Optocoupler MCT2E 3) Transistor

PNP BEL100P NPN 2N2222 4) Resistors

1KΩ 100Ω

It has two functions a) Amplification b) Isolation.

 Load : RL Load

 Pulse generator: It consist of

1) Bridge rectifier (1mA)

Source

Inverter

PIC

MICROCONTROL

LER

DRIVER 12 V DC

SUPPLY

5V DC SUPPLY RL LOAD

Pv Panel

Filter Circuit

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2) Electrolytic Capacitors

3) Crystal oscillator

4) Resistor – 33 ohm , 5Vdc

5) IC PIC165877A

6) Voltage Regulator

Here we have used PIC Microcontroller (PIC 16F877A) for generating pulse.

5. WORKING PRINCIPLE

The proposed system consists of Pv panel connected to the grid-interfacing inverter as shown in block diagram. The voltage source inverter is a key element of a DG system as it interfaces the renewable energy source to the grid and delivers the generated power.Usually, photovoltaic energy sources generate power at variable low dc voltage. The filter capacitor across the input terminals of the inverter provides a constant dc link voltage.The dc-link plays an important role in transferring this variable power from Pv panel to the grid.

We are using PIC 16F877A for producing switching pulses to multilevel inverter. The microcontroller are driven via the driver circuit so as to boost the voltage triggering signal to 9V.To avoid any damage to micro controller due to direct passing of 230V supply to it we provide an isolator in the form of optocoupler in the same driver circuit.

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Fig.1 Schematic Diagram of Proposed Model

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T5 TRAN

SF OR M ER 1 5 4 8 D 21 D IOD E D 15 D IOD E Q5A T R _2_I S_N _A 3 1 2 R 27 R R 15 R D 10 D IOD E R 13 R D 23 D IOD E R 16 R Q11B 6 4 5 R 19 R H4 H R 23 R Q3A T R _2_I S_N _A 3 1 2 R 17 R R 32 R C8C J1 C ON N J AC K PW R 3 2 1 Q4B 6 4 5 R 21 R D 24 D IOD E Q9B 6 4 5 R 25 R Q8B 6 4 5 R 34 R R 29 R R 31 R R 35 R R 14 R Q6B 6 4 5 H5 H H2 H R 24 R R 30 R R9 R R 26 R R 28 R R 18 R U2 BU F 1 2 D 22 D IOD E -+ D1 BR ID GE 1 4 3 2 C2 100n U5 BU F 1 2 Q7B 6 4 5 D 25 D IOD E C3C D2 5V1 D 20 D IOD E Q10A T R _2_I S_N _A 3 1 2 Q10B 6 4 5 V5 1Vac 0Vdc R 20 R R 10 R C 10 C

C9C C5C

R 33 R R 11 R Q7A T R _2_I S_N _A 3 1 2 C 11 470uf U1 78X X /T O-220 1 3 2 4 VI N VOU T GND4 R 12 R H3 H U8 PI 74F C T 162500/ SO

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6. SIMULATION

Fig 2. Simulation of Proposed Model

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7. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The prototype model of two proposed controllers have been developed at the rating of

5W PV sourced inverter is integrated with grid and load at the point of common

coupling shown in Fig 3.

Fig 4. Experimental Setup Of Proposed System

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Fig 6 .Waveform of voltage After injecting voltage from proposed controller

8. CONCLUSION

This paper presents improvement of power quality (voltage sag and Voltage ) at PCC of grid connected inverter used in distributed generation.The grid connected inverter is used to inject real power to conventional grid from distributed generator such as Pv cell.

ACKNOWLEGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude to our guide “Prof.

Anup Dakre” for his valuable guidance and inspiration in spite of his busy schedule.

He devoted himself in completing our task with the admirable excellence.He has

taken keep and personal interest in giving us constant encouragement and timely

suggestions also to our HOD “Prof. N.M.Lokhande” for cheerful encouragement and

notable guidance.

Our special thanks to our electrical staff, who gave precious guidelines for our paper

“Improving The Power Quality Performance for Distributed Power Generation” and

supporting staff members of electrical department for their valuable help in our paper.

We also express our Heart full thanks to our beloved Principal “Prof.S.J.Wagh” has

provided the facilities for paper, we are also thankful to our friends Mr.Atul

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