CONTENTS CONTENTS
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1..00 BBaacckkggrroouunndd
-- LoLocacateted d bebetwtweeeen n lalatititutudedes s 1.1.5°5°N N anand d 3.3.0°0°N N anand d lolongngititududes es 11113.3.5°5°E E anand d 11115.5.3°3°E,E, encompassi
encompassing Balui River and ng Balui River and its tributaries some 37 km its tributaries some 37 km upstream of Belaga town.upstream of Belaga town. -- ItIts cs coovevers rs ababoouut 1t 144,7,7550 k0 kmm22area.area.
-- curcurrenrent land ust land use typee types are prims are primary Foary Foresrest (74%t (74%), sel), selectectiveively logly logged foged foresrest (21%t (21%) and) and shifting cultivation together with grass Land/bust land (5%).
shifting cultivation together with grass Land/bust land (5%).
-- The clThe climaimate is charte is charactacterierized by an annzed by an annuaual precil precipitpitatiation excon exceeeedinding 4000 mm, meg 4000 mm, meanan annual evapotransp
annual evapotranspiration of about 1300 iration of about 1300 mm and average temperature of 25°C.mm and average temperature of 25°C.
-- flooflooding ding an aran area cuea currenrrently octly occupicupied by 1ed by 15 com5 communimunitiesties. Land . Land wilwill be fll be floodeooded up to d up to 228228 m above sea level.
m above sea level.
-- MoMost of thst of the aree area to be floa to be floododed is coed is consnstititututeted by d by swswididdedensns, gar, gardedensns, fru, fruit trit treeees,s, plantations, graveyards, work areas, and areas of primary forest with economic value plantations, graveyards, work areas, and areas of primary forest with economic value to the local population (as a source of food and raw materials).
to the local population (as a source of food and raw materials).
-- The mThe majorajority oity of the f the popupopulatilation in on in the Bthe Bakun akun area area are Kare Kenyaenyah and h and Orang Orang Ulu.Ulu.
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2..00 PPrroojjeecct t AArreeaa a
a.. LLooccaattiioonn
-- The pThe proporoposed ased area irea is locs located wated withiithin soun south of th of the Bthe Bakun akun dam dam catchcatchment ment areaarea.. -- ddiivviiddeed id inntto 3 o 3 bblloocckkss
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• Block A (approx. 122,000 ha)Block A (approx. 122,000 ha)
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• Block B (approx. 19,200 ha)Block B (approx. 19,200 ha)
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• Block C (approx 24,000 ha)Block C (approx 24,000 ha)
-- StStatate le lanand (wd (witithihin dan dam cm catatchchmement nt arareaea)) -- OnOnly ly cacan n rereacach h by by ththe le logoggiging ng roroad ad acaccecessss
b. Population No. Name of Longhouses Bilek / Doors Population No. of Families Farm Area (Acres) (Ha) 1. R. Juman 95 578 143 429 174 2. R. Daro 115 468 105 315 128 3. R. Balui Ukap 84 414 97 291 118 4. R. Lesong 128 646 142 426 172 5. Long Bulan 6. R. Kulit 209 1,274 279 837 339 7. Long Jawi 8. RLahanan 89 535 138 414 168 9. R. Kelap 103 477 99 297 120 10. R. Belor 101 429 101 303 123 11. R. Nyabong 12. R. Punan Talun c. Economic Activities
Majority of the populations in the Bakun area are practice shifting conventional economic activities such as :
- Fishing
- Shifting Cultivation - Hunting
Many of the educated villagers have also moved to settle in towns where they have modern jobs such as being teachers, businessmen and in the private sectors.
3.0 Topographical
Block A (122,000 Ha) No. Topographical
(m)
Area (Ha) Percentage (%)
Remarks
1 > 500 48,800 40% - Batu Laga Plateau in the
middle of the proposed area
- East site basically not suitable for any agriculture purpose
- More than half of the area are more than 500 meters above sea level.
2 0 – 500 42,700 35%
3 Water body 30,500 25%
Block B (19,200 Ha) No. Topographical
(m)
Area (Ha) Percentage (%)
Remarks
1 > 500 7,680 40% - Mountainous part on the
east side of the area (Gunung Kajang-1067M) - Approximately 55% of the
area considered as the land that below 500 metres from the sea level.
2 0 – 500 9,600 50%
Block C (24,000 Ha) No. Topographical
(m)
Area (Ha) Percentage (%)
Remarks
1 > 500 2,400 10% - Basically, the area area 500
metres below the sea level. - The highest peak of the. - The highest peak of the
block is 735 metres (Bukit Penoh)
- In term of land level / slope Block C is suitable for plantation development.
2 0 – 500 20,400 85%
3 Water body 1,200 5%
- Bakun has a rugged topography with sharp crest and steep slopes. - Most of the area is above 500 metres above sea level.
- However the selected project area is made up of hilly and mountainous - The highest peak here is more than 1000 metres height which is located at the certain part of the proposed area
- The another constrain to developed the area is there are too many river
4.0 Soil
- Bakun is predominantly characterized by soils of the Skeletal and Red-Yellow Podzolic Group.
- excessively drained soils with shallow to moderate depth (25-50 cm of the surface)
- shifting cultivation of hill paddy is still commonly practiced.
LAND CAPABILITY (FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES)
Block Class 3 (%) Class 4 (%) Class 5 (%) Water (%) Total (%)
A 25%
B 10%
C 5%
- Most of the proposed areas are include in the Class 5 for the agriculture purposed.
• severe limitation that agriculture is not feasible • Consider as slopes steeper than 33 ̊
• Very severe erosion
• Frequently floods of long duration
• Excessive salinity or shallow soils over bedrock
- Another grade of the land capability for the area is Class 4 which consist : May suitable for a few crops
• Two or more serious limitation • Drastically limit the range of crops
• Require the special conservation practise
• Risk of the crop failure is high
• Limitation may seriously affect the timing and ease of tillage, planting
- Class 3 of agriculture capability among the land in the proposed area which define as:
• Two or three moderate or one serious limitation
• Limitation may seriously impede farm operation
• Restrict the choice of crops and increase fertilizers needs.
Source : Department of Agriculture, Sarawak Soil and Survey Division
5.0 Infra / Roads
- Can be reach by unpaved road heading to Belaga Bazaar.
- The selected proposed Block A, B and C only can be reach by logging trail and by river transportation.
6.0 Existing Plantation
- The surrounding area around Block A, B and C was proposed for National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary.
- No existing plantation development at analysis area.
7.0 Recommendation
- Bakun long term development prospect are very much dependent on the future proposed agricultural.
- Based on the analysis that have been made, Bakun catchment area are not suitable for any plantation such as oil palm and rubber.
- However, this land still capable in development such as paddy plantation or any shifting cultivation.
Getah
memerlukan hujan 180 sm - 250 sm setahun suhu diantara 25 - 30 darjah Celcius
Ketinggian tanah dari paras muka laut ialah 500 meter
Semakin tinggi ditanam semakin berkurangan perolehan hasil dan kecergasan pertumbuhannya
tanah sesuai untuk tanam getah ialah jenis lom yang mempunyai saliran yang
bebas, tidak masin, tidak masam atau sentiasa banjir.
Kelapa sawit
pada ketinggian 0 - 500 meter di atas aras laut.
Kelapa sawit menyukai tanah yang subur dan tempat terbuka, dengan kelembapan
tinggi. Kelembapan tinggi itu antara lain ditentukan oleh adanya curah hujan yang
tinggi, sekitar 2,000-2,500 mm setahun.
Shifting cultivation needs to continue
Shifting cultivation is the most efficient agricultural technique in the Balui area at this time. Despite common prejudices to the contrary, study after study has shown that shifting
cultivation is a sustainable agricultural technique which does not degrade the environment or deplete timber resources. Shifting cultivation is sustainable because nearly all the
clearings are on secondary jungle; thus the same lands are used in rotation, after the vegetation has been allowed to regenerate.
population density in the upper Balui is very low, hence the continuation of shifting cultivation is unproblematic.
It is not suggested that all resettlers must continue to practice shifting cultivation, but rather that they be allowed to continue to do so in a sustainable fashion. In fact, given the growing interest in producing cash crops and engaging in other cash-producing activities, a
significant sector of the affected population can be expected to reduce or even cease to practice shifting cultivation; this means that t he population increase which can be expected in the coming years will not bring about a comparable increase in hill padi cultivation. I am not suggesting that resettlers should continue swidden agriculture for ever, but rather that they will progress better if they maintain a subsistence economy which they master while becoming more proficient with different agricultural activities and industries.
Instead of fighting shifting cultivation, it will be more productive to enhance its effectiveness further. For instance, it would be useful to collect and study all the varieties of rice
cultivatedin the area in order to study their properties. The development of soil-measurement kits and
other techniques could help in an enhanced selection of farm sites. Elsewhere in Borneo, the development of rattan gardens has been profitable in remote areas (Poffenberger & McGean 1993b: 46-47), and the same would probably be the case in the Balui
