Automotive Trades
WORKBOOK
Contents
Orientation 9
Overview 11
Occupations 17
The Workplace 27
Workplace Law in Ontario 35
Certification, Training, and Experience 47
Terminology 55
Terminology for Tools and Auto Parts 57
Occupational Terminology 65
Communication in the Workplace 73
Communication in the Community 83
Personal Plan 91
Glossary 97
Acknowledgements
The Steps to Employment project was made possible with funding from Citizenship and Immigration Canada—Ontario Administration of Settlement and Integration Services (CIC—OASIS).
LCRT Consulting researched each sector, designed the curriculum, developed the materials, conducted consultations and focus groups, and coordinated pilot tests of the workshop materials. Many individuals and organizations were involved throughout the project. Thanks to all who provided input and support, in particular the focus group participants who shared examples of their own experiences in accessing employment in Ontario.
March 2001 AlphaPlus
Web Site Host Alvin Ng Editor Sam SanFilippo Job Start CAWL ESL Reviewer
Intellisearch, Toronto Public Library Media and Literature Research Kaoli Hanawa
Illustrator Kate George Editor Kathleen Doe
Web Site Designer and Webmaster Kevin Cheng Graphic Designer Supercat Illustrations Louise Thomas Internet Research Trudy Kennell Editorial Board Katherine Babiuk Program Consultant
Citizenship and Immigration Canada
Ontario Administration of Settlement and Integration Services (OASIS) Brigid Kelso Principal Writer Peggie Shek Project Manager LCRT Consulting Andrea Strachan
Curriculum Design/Senior Consultant LCRT Consulting
Bruce Russell
Curriculum Design/Senior Consultant LCRT Consulting
Monika Etzler
Toronto District School Board,LINC Program Outreach and Recruitment Consultant Sam SanFilippo
Focus Group Facilitator Job Start CAWL Focus Group Location
The information in the Steps to Employment series was researched, collected and written in 1999-2001 by LCRT Consulting under contract with Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Some of the information may change in time. Please consult the contacts listed for the most current information. The Steps to Employment workshop manuals are strictly for use in non-commercial, not-for-profit educational environments.
Steps
to
E
mployment
in
O
ntario
Where do you begin?
You just arrived in Ontario and want to
practise an automotive trade. These are
some of the first steps that you need to
take.
Know your sector – employers, working
conditions, and entry-level qualifications.
Know your job-related traits – be able to
describe
your
skills,
knowledge
and
interests.
Know sector-specific terminology – be
able to discuss your occupation with others.
Know what credentials are required and
how
to
translate
and
evaluate
your
documents.
Know where to get training, upgrading and
In this workshop
you will learn about…
;
labour market trends in the automotive service sector;
employers in the automotive sector, how they hire, and what they are looking for in their workers;
working conditions in the automotive service sector, including wages, duties and responsibilities;
laws that protect workers in Ontario;
basic health and safety issues in the automotive service sector;
vocabulary for the automotive service sector;
how to write a multiple choice exam.You will also practise…
;
basic dialogues for conversations with automotive service technicians;
describing your skills and knowledge;
getting information from various sources;
pronunciation of key words for the automotive service sector… and prepare…
Icons used in the workbook
Exercises in the workbook are headed by the following icons. These icons indicate the type
of activity intended by the exercise.
Reading
Vocabulary
Writing
Pair Discussion
Group Discussion
Research
Pronunciation
Workshop introduction INTERVIEW
Steps to Employment
Interview your partner
Ask your partner the following questions. Write down the answers in complete sentences. Once you have finished, prepare to introduce yourself to the group using the answers on your partner’s sheet.
1. What is your name? 2. Where are you from?
3. How long have you been in Canada? 4. What is your occupation?
5. How many years’ experience do you have?
6. What do you know about becoming an automotive tradesperson in Canada? 7. Why are you taking this workshop?
Orientation
Overview
Occupations
The Workplace
Workplace Law
Certification, Training, and Experience
1
OVERVIEW
In this unit you will learn about
automotive trades in Ontario
trends in the automotive industry
Automotive trades in Ontario
The automotive repair and service industry is very important to Ontario’s economy. In fact,
more people work in Ontario’s repair and service industry than in all of the other provinces
combined.
Most of these workers are employed as automotive service technicians, auto body repairers
and auto painters. They work for motor vehicle repair shops, automobile (foreign and
domestic) dealerships, motor vehicle manufacturers, gasoline service stations, trucking
companies, public transit commissions, as well as automotive and auto parts manufacturers.
Provincial licences are required to work as an automotive service technician (AST) and auto
body repairer. These are called restricted occupations. A licence is not required, however, to
become an auto body painter. In Ontario, it takes between four and five years to become
licensed as an AST, two to three years to become an auto body repairer, and almost two years
to become a painter. Licences are not required for the last two occupations, but employers
sometimes ask for them.
As vehicle systems become more complex, so do the skills and equipment required to
diagnose and service them. Body materials and paint are also becoming more complex.
Corrosion-resisting body materials such as treated plastics and steels, are increasing the life
of vehicles. Computers are used to customize the colour of body paints, which can sometimes
even prevent damage from the sun.
Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one.
c o r r o s i o n r e s i s t i n g d i a g n o s e a u t o m o t i v e v e h i c l e t e c h n i c i a n s
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
1 2 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 2: Fill in the blanks
Use the words in the reading above to fill in the blanks.
1. _________-__________ auto materials protect cars from rust caused by road salt. 2. ASTs _______________ cars to identify the problem like doctors do with patients. 3. Cars made in North America are called ______________.
4. Cars made outside of North America are called___________________.
Activity 3:True or false
Circle T for true or F for false beside the following statements.
T F 1. Automotive service technicians and auto body repairers make up about 67% of all of the auto tradespeople in Ontario.
T F 2. Ontario employs as many auto tradespeople as in all of the other provinces combined.
T F 3. It can take five years to become an automotive service technician.
T F 4. It takes at least three years to become an auto body painter and at least two years to become an auto body repairer.
Activity 4: Interview
Take turns with a partner finding out the requirements for whichever one of the three jobs mentioned, where they last worked. Compare your findings with the rest of the class.
O v e r v i e w
Trends
Employment opportunities in the auto industry go in cycles, depending on the demand for
vehicles by consumers all across North America. Ontario is now in a cycle of rapid growth
that began during the early 1990s.
New technologies are improving vehicle performance. Cars will become “smarter” or more
high-tech, using a number of computers and electrical devices. Lighter materials, electronics
and the use of computerized robotics on the assembly line are changing the skills required in
the automotive industry. Today, many cars have body parts made of steel alloys, aluminium
and plastics – materials that are more difficult to work with than the old steel body parts, and
which require longer repair time.
The introduction of Computerized Numeric Control (CNC) and Computer-Aided
Manufacturing (CAM) have revolutionized the industry. Also, the requirement of major auto
producers that all suppliers meet quality certification standards starting in 1997 has resulted
in an increased focus on the shop floor for workers in these occupations.
The trend is away from manual skills and toward skills necessary to monitor and manage
production processes. This trend puts an emphasis on literacy skills to read computer
print-outs, the ability to use a computer, and teamwork. Jobs should be good for automotive body
repairer and painters and auto service technicians until about 2008.
Source: HRDC Job Futures, 2000
Activity 5: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words, and mark the syllable stress. Then practise saying each one aloud.
m a n u a l m a n u f a c t u r e r s r e p a i r e r s e m p h a s i s r e v o l u t i o n i z e d r o b o t i c s
Activity 6: Matching
Match each word to its definition by writing the correct letter in the blank space. 1. __ revolutionized 2. __ robotics 3. __ emphasis 4. __ manual 5. __ cycles 6. __ rapid 7. __ monitor a) fast b) focus
c) using tools, not computers d) watch for changes
e) machines doing things that used to be done by humans
f) patterns g) changed a lot
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
1 4 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 7: Comprehension
1. What have been the biggest changes in the car repair and service industry in the last ten years?
2. How does this affect automotive tradespeople preparing to work in Ontario?
Activity 8: Interviews
Take turns with your partner asking each other how Ontario industry trends compare with those in the country where he or she last worked in. Report your findings to the whole class.
Mechanics need more skills than ever
As vehicle systems become increasingly complex, so do the skills and equipment required to
diagnose and service them. But keeping automotive service technicians up-to-date with
technology is not the biggest problem facing the automotive service industry.
“The number one problem,” according to a spokesperson from the Canadian Automotive
Repair and Service Council (CARS), “is attracting the right kind of people, and enough of
them, into the service trade.”
Earning an AST licence takes a long time – longer than for most university degrees – and
those that are successful at it deserve more respect than they are given in our society, he says.
“The days of grease and grime are gone,” he says. “Now automotive technicians are highly
skilled specialists, and good ones are in high demand.” One technician noted that there are
probably more university graduates than licensed mechanics in the unemployment lines.
“Technical ability is no longer enough to succeed,” he says. “Today’s technicians need a
whole different range of skill sets, from improved reading and writing abilities to a
proficiency in interpersonal relationships. And of course, they must be computer literate.”
Activity 9: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words, and mark the syllable stress. Then practise saying each one aloud.
p r o f i c i e n c y l i t e r a t e s p e c i a l i s t s s k i l l s e t g r i m e m a n u a l l y
O v e r v i e w
Activity 10: Fill in the blanks
Fill in the blanks with words from the pronunciation activity.
1. If you are good at something, you have __________________ in it. 2. If you understand something you are _________________ in it.
3. Technical, mathematical, written, computer literacy and interpersonal are all examples of ______________________ needed to be an automotive service technician.
4. When grease mixes with dirt, it becomes _______________.
5. Repairs on cars used to done _________________ or with tools, but now they are computerized.
Activity 11: Comprehension
a) What new skills are needed by ASTs?
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k 1 6 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
For
more
information
on…
occupation descriptions
look for Ontario Job Futures 2000 at the HRDC Employment Resource
Centre or public library in your area
visit
www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/JobFutures/english/volume1/225/225.htm
labour market information
www.on.hrdc.ca
www.ontario-canada.com
www.contactpoint.ca
www.worklink.com
occupational information
Canadian Automobile Repair and Service Council (CARS)
www.cars-council.ca
2
OCCUPATIONS
In this unit you will learn about
job descriptions and common titles for automotive tradespeople
You will also practise how to
describe duties at your previous jobs
Automotive service technician
Automotive service technicians inspect, diagnose, repair and service mechanical, electrical
and electronic systems and car, bus and truck parts. They require a licence to practise in
Ontario.
Main Duties
Automotive service technicians perform some or all of the following duties:
•
Read work orders and discuss work with supervisor
•
Inspect motor in operation, road test motor vehicle, and test automotive systems and
components using testing devices to diagnose faults
•
Adjust, repair or replace parts and components of automotive systems including fuel,
brake, steering and suspension systems, transmissions, differentials, drive axles and
shafts, emission control and exhaust systems, engines and electrical, cooling and climate
control systems using hand tools and other specialized automotive repair equipment
•
Test and adjust repaired systems to manufacturer’s performance specifications
•
Perform scheduled maintenance service, such as oil changes, lubrications and tune ups
•
Advise customers on work performed, general vehicle conditions and future repair needs
Automotive service technicians may specialize in one of the following areas:
•
Engine and fuel systems
•
Transmission systems
•
Air conditioning
•
Cooling and heating systems
•
Brakes
•
Drive lines
•
Suspension, and
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
1 8 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Other Common Job Titles
automobile mechanic
bus mechanic
car mechanic
motor repairer – automobile manufacturing
motor vehicle mechanic
transmission mechanic
truck mechanic
mechanical upgrader – automobile manufacturing
Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words, and mark the syllable stress. Then practise saying each one aloud.
t r a n s m i s s i o n d e v i c e s f a u l t s
s h a f t s s u s p e n s i o n d i f f e r e n t i a l s s p e c i f i c a t i o n s t u n e u p d r i v e l i n e s
Activity 2: Matching
Match each word to its definition by writing the correct letter in the blank space. 1. __ inspect 2. __ assembled 3. __ adjust 4. __ faults 5. __ specifications 6. __ tune up 7. __ devices 8. __ scheduled a) problems or weaknesses b) planned c) put together
d) regular inspection and repair e) tools or instruments
f) change or fix g) check
O c c u p a t i o n s
Activity 3: Fill in the blanks
Use the following words to fill in the blanks in the paragraphs below:
transmission suspension differentials axles shafts emissions lubrications drive lines
When performing a regular tune up, you have to replace the shock absorbers if the car’s 1._________________is faulty. Also, you may have to make sure the catalytic converter is working so that the car follows fuel 2._________________standards. Don’t forget to check the gears and make sure that they are protected by 3. _____________ and that their 4.______________allow the vehicle to round corners easily.
The 5._______________transmits the power from the engine through the 6.____________ to the car’s gears. The 7.______________, which anchor the wheels, must be checked when performing an alignment. 8. ________________are also an important part of tune ups, especially around the brake pads to make sure they don’t squeak.
Activity 4: Comprehension
1. List five duties that ASTs perform. 2. What are three other titles for AST?
3. What was the occupation called in the past?
Activity 5: Interview
Take turns with your partner asking if he or she has ever done any of the AST job duties. Answer in full sentences. Then ask him or her:
1. What did you specialize in?
2. What verb tense would you use to ask the questions? 3. What tense should you be using to answer the questions?
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
2 0 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Auto body repairer
Auto body repairers repair damaged auto body parts and interior finishing. They include
metal repairers who repair defective automobile body parts and damage to the bodies of new
cars. They do not require a licence to practise in Ontario.
Workers in this occupation do some or all of the following:
•
Go over damage reports and estimates of repair cost and plan work to be done
•
Repair and replace front end components, body components, doors and frame and under
body components
•
Hammer out dents, buckles and other defects using blocks and hammers
•
Operate soldering equipment or use plastic filler to fill holes, dent and seams
•
Remove damaged fenders, panels and grills using wrenches and cutting torch and bolt
or weld replacement parts into place
•
File, grind and sand repaired body surfaces using a grinder and sandpaper
•
Repair or replace interior parts, such as seat frame assembly, carpets and floor board
insulation
•
Check repaired vehicles and test drive vehicles for proper handling
Common Job Titles
automotive body mechanic
automotive body technician
body repairer – motor vehicle
metal finisher – motor vehicle manufacturing
motor vehicle body technician
metal repairer – motor vehicle manufacturing
Activity 6: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words, and mark the syllable stress. Then practise saying each one aloud.
v e h i c l e s i n t e r i o r s o l d e r i n g r e p a i r e s t i m a t e s p u l l i n g p a r t s w e l d w r e n c h e s
O c c u p a t i o n s
Activity 7: Fill in the blanks
Use the following words to fill in the blanks below:
file sand grind anchoring fenders panels components dents buckles interior grills wrenches solder weld estimates
1. Auto repairers use a hammer to punch out _____________ and ____________ in side, rear and front ______________ of a vehicle.
2. Oxy-acetylene torches have traditionally been used to heat or __________parts together but to _______ involves adding melted metal to join parts together.
3. Another word for parts is ______________.
4. A grinder is a power tool to ________ but the _________(hand tool) can also be used to ________________.
5. ____________ are used to turn bolts.
6. An auto repairer must calculate the cost of repairs. This is called making ____________. 7. Below the panels on the car body are the ______________.
8. The outside of the vehicle is called the exterior. The inside is called the __________. 9. The front of vehicles have metal covered vents called _____________.
10. It is important to make sure when you’re working under a hoisted vehicle to have proper ______________ so it does not fall on you.
Activity 8: Comprehension
1. List five duties of auto body repairers.
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
2 2 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Automotive painter
Automotive painters apply finishes to vehicles. They do not require a licence to practise their
trade in Ontario.
Two important trends in the automotive paint world affect this trade. First, paints and primers
now last longer, are stronger and look better on vehicles. Primers are still applied to either
bare metal or plastics, and help the paint bond to the body, but better chemical technology
allows better adhesion.
New paints can even protect cars from the sun’s harmful rays, they stay brighter longer and
are less likely to fade or peel off. It is even possible to match separately-painted body panels
to the rest of the vehicles.
Now paint can be matched using a 3-D colour camera reader connected to a computer to give
the correct shade. Better paints mean that finishes last longer, but, at the same time, car
owners want fancy paints with pearl finishes, which take longer to apply. This means that
while auto painters will have fewer cars to work on, but they will have just as much work to
do, as customized jobs will take longer.
Activity 9: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words, and mark the syllable stress. Then practise saying each one aloud.
p a i n t e d p r i m e d b o n d w i t h a d h e s i o n m a t c h e d f a d e
Activity 10: Matching
Match each word to its definition by writing the corresponding letter in the blank space. 1. __ primed 2. __ primer 3. __ finish 4. __ fade 5. __ adhesion 6. __ bond with a) stick to b) stickiness c) lighten
d) mixture applied to material before painting that lets paint stick more easily
e) prepared for painting f) last coat of paint applied
Activity 11: Comprehension
1. What have been the two big changes in paint technology?
O c c u p a t i o n s
Activity 12 Matching
Match the duty to the job title with an appropriate workplace and an appropriate work task: 1. ___ automotive service technician 2. ___ automotive body repairer 3. ___ automotive body painter 4. ___ transmission technician
5. ___ fuel and electrical systems technician 6. ___ alignment and
brakes technician
a) use computer to find exact colour to match with car exterior
b) operate soldering equipment or use plastic filler to fill holes, dents and seams
c) work on gear trains, couplings and hydraulic pumps d) use lathes and grinding machines to rebuild brakes e) diagnose problems using hand-held diagnostic
computers or compression gauges to identify problems before making adjustments according to
manufacturer’s specifications
f) use electronic test equipment to locate and adjust malfunctions in fuel, ignition and emissions control systems
Activity 13: Matching
Match each word to its definition by writing the corresponding letter in the blank space. 1. ___ exterior
2. ___ dents 3. ___ seams 4. ___ couplings 5. ___ malfunction
a) links connecting two pieces of machinery b) lines where two edges join
c) things or processes that don’t work
d) depressions in hard material left by pressure or blow e) outside
Activity 14: Matching
Match the following duties to the title of either AST (automotive service technician) or ABR (auto body repairer) or AP (auto body painter).
1. ___ operate soldering equipment or use plastic filler to fill holes, dents and seams 2. ___ advise customers on work performed, general vehicle condition and future repair
needs
3. ___ test and adjust repaired systems to manufacturer’s performance specifications 4. ___ file, grind and sand repaired body surfaces before using spray guns or brush 5. ___ perform scheduled maintenance service, such as oil changes, lubrications and
tune ups
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
2 4 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 15: Research
Visit the National Occupation Classification at the Web site on the next page to get information on the following other automobile trade occupations. Fill in the chart with information that answers these questions:
Is it a compulsory or voluntary trade? How many years must you apprentice for?
Voluntary or mandatory certification?
How long is the apprenticeship? Auto body and collision
damage repairer (BR1) Auto body repairer Alignment and brakes technician
Fuel and electrical systems technician Transmission technician
Activity 16 Discussion
In small groups, discuss the following question, then report your answers to the whole class. 1. How do the job titles and duties compare to what you did in another country?
2. What are the differences/similarities?
3. Did you go to school to learn your trade or did you learn it from working only?
O c c u p a t i o n s
For
more
information
on…
job descriptions
National Occupation Classification
www.on.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca
advice, resources and employment information
www.workinfonet.ca
job postings on the Internet
job ads from newspapers including:
www.canbus.com
wwwo.canoe.ca/torontosun/home.html
Electronic Labour Exchange (www.ele-spe.org)
www.canada.plusjobs.com/fronteng.html
www.brainhunter.com/ows/plsql/bh.home
canjobs.com
www.thejob-line.com
jobsearch.ca/site-index.html
www.monster.ca
www.cten.ca
www.futurestep.com
www.experiencecanada.org
3
THE WORKPLACE
In this unit you will learn about
working conditions and wages
employers
You will also practise
describing different working conditions
presenting yourself to employers
Working conditions and wages
Workers in the automotive sector have constant year-round work. Most of it is indoors, but
sometimes it is outdoors. Work hazards including noise, vibration, liquids, fumes and odours
are controlled by safety rules.
Automotive sector workers are usually paid on a flat rate basis or by the amount of time
taken to repair a vehicle (they are usually paid a minimum salary, in this case). Full-time
work is 44 hours per week. Some Saturday or overtime work may be required, and workers
must provide their own tools.
Some workers employed by automobile and auto parts manufacturers, trucking companies
and bus lines belong to unions. But the majority of workers do not. About 8% of automotive
tradespeople are self-employed.
Recent statistics show the average wage for automotive service technicians ranging from
$11.50 to $25/hr.; auto body repairers from $11 to $22/hr. and auto body painters from $10
to $20/hr. Helpers and apprentices (trainees) usually earn from 30 to 60 percent of the
earnings of qualified workers. Helpers and trainees usually get an hourly rate, until they are
skilled enough to be paid on a flat rate basis.
Some automotive body repairers are members of unions. They usually work for large
automotive dealers, trucking companies and bus lines.
Source: HRDC Job Futures, 2000
Activity 1: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words. Mark the syllable stress in these words then practise saying each one.
v i b r a t i o n f u m e s f l a t r a t e h a z a r d o d o u r s y e a r - r o u n d
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
2 8 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 2: Matching
Match each word to its definition by writing the corresponding letter in the blank space. 1. ___ vibration 2. ___ fumes 3. ___ flat rate 4. ___ odours 5. ___ year-round 6. ___ hazard
a) constant fee paid for completed job regardless of how long it takes to complete
b) during the entire year
c) fast, continuous back and forth movement d) smoke, gas, or vapour that smells strongly e) smells
f) something dangerous
Activity 3: Matching
Write the letter from right hand column beside the number in the left column that it defines. 1. ___ full time
2. ___ contract work 3. ___ casual part time 4. ___ part time 5. ___ benefits 6. ___ salary 7. ___ job security 8. ___ wage 9. ___ shift work 10. __ on-call
a) means that you are hired to do a job or a project. when the job or project is finished, so is your employment
b) means that work is not steady, sometimes it may be ten hours a week, and sometimes 20, depending on how much work there is
c) means 44 hours a week (in auto industry) and a regular schedule, for example, Monday to Friday, 8 to 5 (half-hour unpaid for lunch)
d) refers to the permanence of a job
e) is a set number of hours in a day. for example, the day shift is usually from 8AMto 4PM; the afternoon shift is from 4PM to midnight; and the night shift, also called the “graveyard” shift, is from midnight to 8AM
f) means working only a few hours a week, for example, less that 25 hours a week, maybe Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, 10AMto 3PM
g) regular payments received for work or services, usually given as an hourly amount
h) insurance paid for by employers to pay for things like pay for sick days, dental plan and parental leave
i) when the employer phones any time to“call you into work” j) a payment made by your employer
T h e W o r k p l a c e
Activity 4: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words. Mark the syllable stress in these words then practise saying each one.
o n - c a l l c o n t r a c t w a g e P a r t t i m e s h i f t w o r k b e n e f i t s c a s u a l s a l a r y s e c u r i t y
Activity 5: Discussion
1. What are the benefits of working for a union? 2. What are the downsides of working for a union? 3. Do you prefer to work shifts? Why? Why not?
Activity 6: Interview
With a partner, ask and describe to each other the working conditions of your last job. How were they the same/different to conditions for similar work in Ontario. Talk about the
workplace, hours, method of payment and whether or not it was unionized using the new vocabulary you have learned in the previous activities.
Job advertisements
HELP WANTED
?
Licensed automotive technician and/or 3rd/4th yr.
app. Rqd. in Kitchener/Waterloo Area. Imp. Exp.
prfd. Full benefits, guar. min. hrs. Fax res.
Attn. John Anthony, 519-123-4567
@
Full-time experienced motor vehicle body repairer.
Must have exp. with specialized skills in steel
bumper repair. Loc. North Bay. Work on a
production line setting. Prosp. Employee must be
exp’d with heavy gauged metals, must be able to
repair all types of stl. and alum. bumpers,
reinforcement bars, semi truck bumpers, as well as
standard vehicle front and rear applns. Knowl. of
Oxy-acy welding req’d. Must be able to work under
pressure. Min. 5 yrs expce. Start $16/hr. Pls frwd
res. to: XYZ Ltd. 10 Main St.
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
3 0 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 7: Comprehension
1. What do the following mean:
3rd/4thyr. app. rqd. imp. exp. prfd. guar. min. hrs. attn. res. prosp. pls. yrs. req’d knowl. semi oxy-acy stl. alum. frwd. 2. Where is Kitchener/Waterloo? 3. Where is North Bay?
4. What do you think full benefits would include?
Activity 8: Employers
Have each member of your group look for as many examples as possible of ONE of the following employers in the Yellow Pages. Copy the company names onto a piece of paper, then share the names of the employers you’ve researched with the other members of your group.
1. independent motor vehicle repair shops 2. specialty repair shop chain
3. motor vehicle manufacturers
4. gasoline service stations + repair shop 5. public transit commissions
T h e W o r k p l a c e
Activity 9: Matching
Where would the following employers fit in? Write their letter beside the correct name. 1. ___ GM
2. ___ Speedy Muffler King 3. ___ Joe’s Auto Body Shop 4. ___ ABC Tool and Die Company 5. ___ Canadian Tire Pit Stop 6. ___ GO transit
a) independent motor vehicle repair shops b) specialty repair shop chain
c) motor vehicle manufacturers
d) gasoline service stations + repair shop e) public transit commissions
f) auto parts manufacturers
Activity 10: Research
Looking at your lists and the lists of employers your team members have given you, put checkmarks beside all of the employers that you could work for. Then put in order the top ten employers you would like to work for.
1. ________________________________ 2. _______________________________
3. ________________________________ 4. _______________________________
5. ________________________________ 6. _______________________________
7. ________________________________ 8. _______________________________
9. ________________________________ 10. ______________________________
Activity 11: Internet research
Look upwww.workwaves.ca and find out what the current wage is for the job most closely related to the one you last had. Also find several companies in your neighbourhood or listed in the Yellow Pages who would hire auto body repairers (see employers in the reading above.)
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
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Activity 12: Presenting yourself to an employer
Make your own sentences to use when talking with an employer, using the models below. Then take turns saying them out loud to the class to see if they can understand you.
Models
I am good at dealing with customers (verb+ing) (object phrase). For example, in my last job, my boss told me I was very polite with customers and always made sure they were satisfied with their vehicles.
I am proficient in working on high-end luxury cars (gerund phrase). For example, when I was in Saudi Arabia, I fixed Mercedes-Benz and BMW cars.
T h e W o r k p l a c e
For
more
information
on…
wages
see HRDC Job Futures or Essential Skills Profiles at local HRDC
Employment Resource Centres, libraries or on the Internet
check out the wage charts from HRDC or
www.workwaves.ca
directories of employers
research directories of employers including:
Scott’s Directory
Canadian Key Business Directory, Dunn and Bradstreet
Directory of Associations in Canada, Micromedia Limited
Canadian Trade Directory, Fraser Publication Company, Montreal
Yellow Pages
also see listing at end of previous unit
employer Web site directories
see the Cars Council Web site,
www.carscouncil.ca
, for links to employers
trade journals and magazines
read Opportunities Unlimited, an automotive career information
publication produced by Automotive Industries Association (AIA) of
Canada
read Service Station & Garage Management
read CARS Magazine
see Automotive Parts & Technology
to find these magazines you can try the local library or community college
unions
visit Professional Automotive Garage Owners of Ontario at
4
WORKPLACE LAW IN ONTARIO
In this unit you will learn about
the laws that protect workers in Ontario
employment standards
human rights
health and safety
workers’ compensation
Mr. L – Painter of Cars and Trucks
Mr. L has been looking for full-time work
for some time. The only jobs he has been
able to find are short-term temporary jobs
at minimum wage or less.
He has been forced to move often and
sometimes stay overnight in shelters. He
often cannot afford the bus fare to look for
work.
Finally, Mr. L was hired by an automobile
repair and paint shop in Mississauga.
He worked for a week, painting cars and
trucks. After a week’s work, including
overtime, his first pay cheque bounced.
Two other employees were in the same
situation.
The automobile repair shop shut down
and Mr. L and the others couldn’t find
the employer.
Mr. L is now living in a shelter again.
Adapted from Bad Boss Stories: Workers Whose Bosses Break the Law
Activity 1: Discussion
1. What kind of business is this? 2. Where are they located? 3. What is Mr. L’s complaint?
4. What law is this company breaking? 5. What should Mr. L do?
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
3 6 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Laws that protect workers in Ontario
The Ontario Ministry of Labour is responsible for labour laws in Ontario. These laws
describe the rights and responsibilities of employers and workers in this province.
Ontario’s Employment Standards Act does not apply to industries regulated by the
government of Canada, such as the railways, airlines, post offices, and shipping companies
that cross provincial and state borders. These employees are covered under the Canada
Labour Code.
As a new worker, you need to learn about these laws so that you know your rights and
responsibilities in the workplace.
Employment standards
The Employment Standards Act is the law that contains Ontario’s basic rules about the
minimum standards for salary, overtime, vacations, maternity benefits, termination, and
more. This provincial law covers most workers in Ontario. The Act describes:
Minimum wage:
Employers must pay both full-time and part-time workers at least the
minimum wage. Any changes are announced in newspaper ads at least a month before the
change happens.
Hours of work:
This is the number of hours for each normal working day. The Act says
that the limit for most employees is eight hours a day and 48 hours a week. Employers must
pay employees overtime if they work more than the legislated hours of work.
Overtime pay:
Overtime pay is the wage that employers must give workers who work
overtime. Overtime pay is the regular wage
X
1.5, or time and a half.
Meal breaks:
Workers must have a meal break each working day. The length of this meal
break is determined either by the law, by the employer, or by union contracts. The Act does
not set coffee and rest breaks, but some employers allow coffee and rest breaks throughout
the day.
Public holidays:
Under the law, Ontario has eight paid public holidays. Workers who
qualify for paid public holidays don’t have to work on these days, but are still paid their
regular wages for the day.
Vacation pay:
Workers are entitled to a minimum number of days of paid holidays each
year. The law determines how long workers must work before they are eligible for paid
holidays and vacation pay.
Pregnancy and parental leave and benefits:
This is the time off for a new parent.
While on pregnancy leave employees can receive employment insurance maternity benefits.
While on parental leave, employees can receive employment insurance parental benefits. To
qualify for these benefits the employee must have paid EI over a period of time prior to the
arrival of the baby.
W o r k p l a c e L a w I n O n t a r i o
Deductions:
These are payments that employers can legally deduct from an employee’s
paycheque. This includes Employment Insurance and Canada Pension Plan payments.
Termination of employment:
The law determines how employees or employers end their
contracts and how much termination pay must be paid.
Activity 2: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one.
v a c a t i o n o v e r t i m e d e d u c t i o n m i n i m u m c o m p e n s a t i o n s t a n d a r d s t e r m i n a t i o n b e n e f i t s
Activity 3: Vocabulary matching
Test your understanding of employment standards terminology by matching the terms on the left with their definitions on the right.
1. ___ minimum wage 2. ___ hours of work 3. ___ overtime pay 4. ___ meal breaks 5. ___ public holidays 6. ___ vacation pay 7. ___ deductions 8. ___ termination of employment
a) payments that employers deduct from an employee’s paycheque
b) the wage that employers must give workers who work more than the normal hours of work in a workweek
c) employers must pay at least this much to part-time and full-part-time employees
d) firing or giving notice
e) time off or the equivalent pay f) a normal working day
g) time available for breakfast, lunch or dinner, depending on the work schedule
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
3 8 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 4: Interview
Work with your partner to fill in the chart with information about Ontario’s employment standards, then ask your partner about workplace law in his or her country of origin.
Question In Ontario In _________
1. What is the minimum wage?
2. How many weeks’ vacation do most workers get each year?
3. How many public holidays are there?
4. What are the normal working hours each week? 5. What are the normal working hours each day? 6. Are employers required to pay overtime? 7. What are some deductions from pay cheques? 8. Is there maternity and parental leave? How long
is it?
Activity 5: Reading and completing a pay stub
Here is a pay stub for two weeks. Fill in the pay stub with this information: This person worked for 75 hours.
The regularly scheduled hours were 72.5. The total pay before deductions was $915.00. Canada Pension Plan contributions were $27.45. Employment Insurance (EI) deductions were $18.30. Union dues were $12.00.
Income tax deducted was $228.75.
ODetach Cheque HereO
EARNINGS DEDUCTIONS
Time Overtime Gross pay Income tax EI CPP Union dues NET PAY
W o r k p l a c e L a w I n O n t a r i o
Human rights
Ontario Human Rights Code
The Ontario Human Rights Code is the law that ensures that all citizens in Ontario must
receive equal and just treatment. The Code protects workers in Ontario from discrimination
and harassment by their employers or co-workers. It also reminds all workers to treat each
other with respect.
The Ontario Human Rights Code forbids discrimination against a person because of race,
colour, religion or sex. Employers and workers must act according to the principles described
in this law. For example, it is illegal to make sexual advances and to make jokes about people
of different races.
Discrimination
Discrimination means being treated differently from other people. There are situations in
which the employer is allowed to be selective on the basis of citizenship, age or disability.
But generally it is against the law to discriminate against people because of race, ancestry,
place of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, age, record of offences, marital
status, same-sex partnership status, family status or handicap. This is why it is illegal for
employers in Ontario to ask questions about an applicant’s marital status, number of children,
age, etc.
Harassment
Harassment is a situation in which someone threatens or insults you. Racial harassment
includes racial jokes and derogatory comments. Sexual harassment includes unwanted
touching, sexual comments, sexual jokes and suggestions. Discrimination and harassment
can occur in job advertisements, questions about Canadian experience, job applications, job
interviews and in the way workers treat each other and how the employer treats the workers.
Ontario Human Rights Commission
The Ontario Human Rights Commission is the office that enforces the Ontario Human Rights
Code. Anyone who has been discriminated against or harassed in the workplace should try to
solve the problem with the colleagues and employer, but if this fails, the commission can
help.
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Activity 6: Vocabulary matching
Match the terms on the left with their definitions on the right. 1. ___ ancestry 2. ___ creed 3. ___ family status 4. ___ handicap 5. ___ harassment 6. ___ marital status 7. ___ place of origin 8. ___ sexual orientation 9. ___ spouse 10. ___ discrimination
a) being in a parent and child relationship
b) derogatory comments and unwelcome advances c) physical or mental disability
d) the person to whom you are married or with whom you live as a couple
e) single, married, divorced, common law f) relatives from many generations back g) where you were born
h) heterosexual (straight), homosexual (gay) i) being treated differently from others j) your beliefs, especially religious
Activity 7: Discussion
Brainstorm questions that an employer might ask or statements that you might see in a job ad that would be against the Human Rights Code.
W o r k p l a c e L a w I n O n t a r i o
Activity 8: Matching
Match each situation with one of the following types of discrimination or harassment: P – place of origin R – race D – disability
C – creed A – age
__ 1. Ameena applied for a job as a receptionist. Ameena is from India. She speaks English very well, but she has an accent. At the job interview the employer told her that she was not right for the job. He said that the company needed someone who spoke English with no accent.
__ 2. Andrea speaks with a stutter. One of her co-workers makes fun of her when she stutters. He knows that this makes it harder for her to speak, but he does it anyway.
__ 3. Nathan works in a machine shop. He is black. Most of his co-workers are white. Last week his co-workers were telling“black jokes.”Nathan asked them to stop, but they just laughed at him and went on with the jokes.
__ 4. Ute has been looking for a job for almost two years. She can’t understand why it is so difficult. Her friends say that it will be impossible for her to get a job because she is 52 years old.
__ 5. Ahmed is a Muslim. He has a special prayer time every Friday. Every Friday one of his co-workers teases him:“There goes Ahmed to the mosque again!”
Adapted from: Discrimination and Harassment at Work, CLEO. August, 1993
Health and safety
Occupational Health and Safety Act
The Occupational Health and Safety Act helps to protect the health and safety of workers in
the workplace. This Act is based on the idea that employers and employees must work
together to create a safe and healthy workplace.
Employers must do everything possible to protect workers’ health and safety and workers
must work with employers to identify and solve safety problems in the workplace. The Act
gives workers four basic rights:
•
the right to participate in keeping their workplace safe and healthy
•
the right to know about health and safety hazards through the Workplace Hazardous
Materials Information Management System (WHMIS)
•
the right to refuse work that they think is unsafe
•
the right to stop work.
Occupational health and safety applies to all workplaces, however some workplaces will
have more health and safety hazards than others. Inform yourself by contacting the Health
and Safety Association for your occupation or sector.
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
4 2 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 9: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor. Mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one.
h a z a r d p r o t e c t s a f e W H M I S
h a z a r d o u s p r o t e c t i o n u n s a f e o c c u p a t i o n a l
Activity 10: Whose responsibility is it?
Circle E for employer and a W for worker in front of each sentence, according to whose responsibility it is. Remember that some responsibilities are shared.
E W
1. give information, training and supervisionE W
2. not work or operate equipment in a way that could be dangerousE W
3. make sure safe work procedures are followed and equipment is used properlyE W
4. report any broken equipment or safety devicesE W
5. keep safety equipment in good conditionE W
6. use the safety equipment available in the workplaceE W
7. report any health or safety violationsWorkers’ compensation
Workers’ Compensation Act
The Workplace Safety and Insurance Act ensures that workers who are injured at work or get
sick from their work can receive compensation and assistance in getting back to work.
The Workplace Safety and Insurance Board (WSIB) is the office responsible for
administering workers’ compensation. The WSIB also enforces the provincial occupational
health and safety system.
No injury is too small to report!
All employees must be registered with the WSIB. Employers must register any new
employees with the WSIB within ten days of hiring, or they can be fined. Employers must
also report any injuries that occur on at the workplace to the WSIB within three days of the
injury.
Workers must report any injury to their employer immediately. If a worker misses work
because of an injury or illness, the employer must report it to the WSIB within three days
after the accident. Workers must also make a claim with the WSIB within six months of their
injury.
W o r k p l a c e L a w I n O n t a r i o
Although both the employer and the employee report any injury related to their job,
employees must apply for workers’ compensation and the WSIB decides if the law covers a
worker or not.
Real stories…
WSIB Violations
An Ontario company operating as Ontario
1234567 has been charged with one count
each of failing to notify the WSIB within
three days after learning of an accident to
an employee.
The company has also been charged with
one count of failing to register with the
WSIB within ten days of becoming an
employer.
These are violations under sections 152(3)
and 151(1) respectively of the Workplace
Safety and Insurance Act.
The company and the company owner are
scheduled to appear at a provincial
courtroom.
Source: Adapted from media and government sources.
Activity 11: Discussion
1. What law is this company breaking?
2. What were the responsibilities of the employer in this case? 3. What could the workers have done to prevent this?
4. What will happen next?
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4 4 S t e p s t o E m p l o y m e n t
Activity 12: Vocabulary review
Fill in the blanks using words from this unit.
1. The _________________ _________________ __________________ is the law that talks about minimum wage, hours of work, etc.
2. If an employer discriminates against me, I can complain to the ______________ _________________ _______________ _________________.
3. Money I pay each month to a union is called ______________ ______________. 4. An example of ___________________________ is when an employer doesn’t hire
someone because of their skin colour.
5. An example of __________________________ is when someone threatens or insults me at work.
6. If I get injured at work I can get _________________ ______________________. 7. _________________ ___________________ is my pay before all the deductions. 8. The ___________________ _________________ ________ ________________ _____
says that I have the right to know if I am working with hazardous materials.
Activity 13: Research
If you need more details on Ontario’s employment standards, use brochures or the Internet to find information about employment standards in Ontario. Use the For more information
W o r k p l a c e L a w I n O n t a r i o
For
more
information
on…
employment standards
general information: contact the Ministry of Labour at 416-326-7000 or
toll-free at 1-800-531-5551
visit the Ministry of Labour Web site at www.gov.on.ca/lab to get
information on vacation, minimum wage, hours of work, and more
WSIB
contact the WSIB at (416) 344-1013 or toll-free at 1-800-387-8638
visit the WSIB Web page at www.wsib.on.ca
health and safety regulations
contact the Ministry of Labour at 416-326-7000 or toll-free at
1-800-531-5551
contact the Industrial Accident Prevention Association at
www.iapa.on.ca
workers in non-unionized places can contact the Occupational Health
Clinics for Ontario Workers Inc. for information at www.ohcow.on.ca or
call:
Toronto 416-449-0009
Hamilton 1-800-263-2129
Sudbury 1-800-461-7120
Windsor 1-800-565-3185
WHMIS
call and ask for information on WHMIS and request a copy of WHMIS
symbols from Occupational Health and Safety at (416) 314-5421 or print a
copy from www.gov.on.ca/lab/ohs
getting help
look up community legal clinics in the Yellow Pages
visit settlement agencies in your community to seek out help
search
www.settlement.org
or look in your telephone book under
community services
contact CLEO at 416-408-4420 for information on legal clinics in your
area
A u t o m o t i v e T r a d e s W o r k b o o k
5
CERTIFICATION, TRAINING, AND EXPERIENCE
In this unit you will learn about
licensed and unlicensed trades
training and upgrading
Canadian experience
You will also practise
how to describe your previous training and experience
Nour’s Story
Nour Salim feels lucky to have found a job
he likes and an employer he really likes,
but he would eventually like to become
licensed as an automotive service
technician.
Nour arrived in Ontario alone as a refugee
in October 1998. He had just spent three
years in jail as a political prisoner in
Afghanistan. His family had fled to
Pakistan. In Ontario, Nour’s social worker
suggested that he take a course in auto
body repair. After he finished, he was hired
by a collision body shop where he works as
a prep man, doing some mechanics and
body work for $12 an hour.
“I do a good job. They know that,” Nour
says about his employer. “He said anytime
you want, you have a job here.” The big
difference between here and home is that
in Afghanistan, you didn’t have to go to
school to learn to be a mechanic. You learn
from one. “I made good money too.”
Nour’s dream is to become an automotive
service technician, (AST) then bring his
family over from Pakistan when he earns
enough money. “It’s the only job for me –
I’m really mechanically-minded,” he says.
“I like it.”
Adapted from an interview with Nour Salim
Activity 1: Comprehension
1. What was Nour’s occupation in Afghanistan?
2. Why did he come to Canada if he was making good money back home? 3. What did Nour find different about being a mechanic in Ontario?
4. Why does Nour want to become an AST?
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Activity 2: Discussion
In small groups, discuss the reading based on these questions: 1. What do you think of Nour’s choices?
2. What were/are his other options?
3. Would you do the same thing that he did? Why? Why not?
Licensed and unlicensed trades in Ontario
In Ontario, you must become certified or get a licence if you want to work in the following
regulated or restricted trades:
•
automotive service technician,
•
auto body repairer,
•
alignment and brakes technician,
•
fuel and electrical systems technician, or
•
transmission technician
To become certified, you must go to your local Ministry of Training, Colleges and
Universities apprenticeship office and show a letter from past employers stating that you
have worked 9,000 hours (or 4.5 years) in your field. If this letter is not in English or French,
it must be translated and signed by a lawyer who has seen the original. You must also have
education that’s equal to grade 12 in Ontario.
If you cannot prove that you have the required number of hours of experience, you will be
recommended to find an apprenticeship (on-the-job training) in which you can get a licensed
automotive service technician to sign a sheet listing all the duties you are capable of doing.
To find employers who are willing to take apprentices, look in local newspapers, the Yellow
Pages in your telephone directory, the Internet or contact employers directly. Apprentices are
usually paid minimum wage. If you do not have education equal to a grade 12 diploma, you
will be required to attend enough courses to gain your Secondary School Graduation
Diploma, or a General Education Diploma (GED).
Once the apprenticeship office is satisfied that you have met the required hours and that you
have the equivalent of a high school diploma, you will be given a letter stating that you meet
all of the qualifications to work in your field, which you can then show employers. The office
will also fill out an application form for you and give you the next 90 days to set an
appointment to write a provincial licensing exam (in Toronto, exams are held every day; so
you do not need to make an appointment)
Provincial Exam
You may bring a translator with you to write the exam, but the translator must be a resident
of Ontario, must not have knowledge in your trade or related trades, must have a valid Social
Insurance Number card and must not have translated for anyone in the past 12 months.
C e r t i f i c a t i o n , T r a i n i n g , A n d E x p e r i e n c e
Dictionaries and calculators are provided in the exam room. You must score at least 60% to
pass.
Certification is necessary or mandatory for ASTs, but auto body repairers and automotive
painters, it is voluntary. Therefore you are not required to write a provincial exam. You must,
however, be able to prove to your local apprenticeship office that you have 3,600 hours of
related experience. Have your former employer(s) sign a letter outlining the job duties you
performed for them. If this letter is not in English, you must have it translated and signed by
an official who has seen the original. The apprenticeship office will then give you a letter of
permission that tells employers that you have enough experience to practise in your field.
Activity 3: True or false
Read the following sentences and circle T for true statements and F for false statements. T F 1. You need a certificate of qualification in order to be an auto body repairer. T F 2. Your former employer must write a letter in English.
T F 3. Automotive service technicians require 3,600 hours of related work experience. T F 4. You have 90 days to study, then you can write your provincial exam.
T F 5. The apprenticeship office will give you a job so you can get Canadian experience.
T F 6. Fuel and electrical systems technicians need a Certificate of Qualification to work in Ontario.
T F 7. If you do not have the equivalent of a grade 12 diploma, you must attend high school in Ontario to get one.
Activity 4: Comprehension
1. Do you have the necessary requirements to write the provincial exam? 2. What do you have to do to meet the requirements?
Activity 5: Interview
Interview your classmate and find out how they qualified to work in their trade in other countries where they have worked. Switch roles and let your classmate interview you. Present each others’ experiences to the class.
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Activity 6: Discussion
Take turns comparing the items listed on the following chart to your experience working in other countries. Is it more difficult or easier to practise your trade in Ontario?
in Ontario…
Other countries…
Entry-level qualifications
Training
Knowledge of the industry
Interpersonal skills
Team working skills
Customer service
Technical skills
What is so special about Canadian experience?
While most employers in Canada probably can’t even define Canadian experience, they do
have concerns about hiring trained people. If employers have never hired a
foreign-trained person before, they may worry that that person won’t have the skills necessary for
their workplace.
Employers may also worry that their English isn’t good enough. Maybe they had a bad
experience in the past, in which a newcomer didn’t understand instructions, didn’t perform
his of her job well enough, then had to be let go. Maybe the newcomer didn’t like it when the
employer tried to correct his or her English.
Tell employers that your English isn’t perfect, but it’s good enough to get a job. Tell the
employer how much your language has improved since you arrived in Canada and how you
are taking English conversation courses in the evening to improve. Also, let them know that
you’ll ask questions if you don’t understand something.
Finally, give employers Canadian references – names of people who know you. ESL teachers
and supervisors from survival jobs and volunteer jobs can say that you are punctual, get
along well with others, have good English and that you are a hard worker.
C e r t i f i c a t i o n , T r a i n i n g , A n d E x p e r i e n c e
Activity 7: Writing
Work with a partner and write down three different answers to give an employer who asks you about your Canadian experience.
Activity 8: Pronunciation
Listen to the instructor say the following words, mark the syllable stress in these words, then practise saying each one aloud.
y o u ’ v e s k i l l s p u n c t u a l r e f e r e n c e s u r v i v a l j o b h a r d w o r k e r