COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
Uni
Universversitity y of of the the PhiliPhilipppp ines ines DiDilimanliman
FORMAT GUIDEBOOK FOR
FORMAT GUIDEBOOK FOR
THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY DILIMAN, QUEZON CITY
APRIL 2016 APRIL 2016
Version 1 Version 1
Gu
Guiidebook debook 2016, page 22016, page 2 Thi
This ds document ocument iis s dedesigsigned ned as as a a guiguide de for prepafor preparinring ag and nd prepresenting senting theses andtheses and dissertati
dissertatioons ns at that the Une Uniiversitversity y of of the Phithe Philliippppines ines CoCollllege ege of Mass of Mass CoCommmmuniunicatcatioion.n. Thi
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Thesis Format rmat CoCommmmiittee ttee organizorganized ed by by Dean EDean Elena Pernia. The lena Pernia. The cocommmmittee ittee was was chairedchaired by Dr. Fern
by Dr. Fernanando do D. ParagD. Paragas as wiwith th ProfProf. . YvYvonnonne e T. ChuT. Chua, a, Ms. LMs. Luzuzvimviminda inda J. MatJ. Matuullac, ac, Dr.Dr. Pe
Perlirlita ta G. G. Manalili, Manalili, and and Dr. Dr. ArmiArminda nda V. V. SaSantintiago ago as as memmembebers. rs. It It was was subseqsubsequentlyuently revised b
revised by y Dr. Fernando Dr. Fernando D. D. PaParagas on ragas on April 20April 2016 16 folfolllowowing ing new gnew guiuidedelines lines for publfor publicic access to theses and dissertations.
Gu
Guiidebook debook 2016, page 22016, page 2 Thi
This ds document ocument iis s dedesigsigned ned as as a a guiguide de for prepafor preparinring ag and nd prepresenting senting theses andtheses and dissertati
dissertatioons ns at that the Une Uniiversitversity y of of the Phithe Philliippppines ines CoCollllege ege of Mass of Mass CoCommmmuniunicatcatioion.n. Thi
This guis guidedebobook ok uses iuses inputs nputs from thfrom the e stylstyle e mmanuals anuals of of the UP the UP ScSchool of hool of LiLibrabrary ry andand Inf
Informatormation ion ScScience and ience and the Ohithe Ohio Unio Universversiitty. y. It It was origwas origininaally lly dedeveloped veloped iin 200n 2008 8 by by thethe Thesis Fo
Thesis Format rmat CoCommmmiittee ttee organizorganized ed by by Dean EDean Elena Pernia. The lena Pernia. The cocommmmittee ittee was was chairedchaired by Dr. Fern
by Dr. Fernanando do D. ParagD. Paragas as wiwith th ProfProf. . YvYvonnonne e T. ChuT. Chua, a, Ms. LMs. Luzuzvimviminda inda J. MatJ. Matuullac, ac, Dr.Dr. Pe
Perlirlita ta G. G. Manalili, Manalili, and and Dr. Dr. ArmiArminda nda V. V. SaSantintiago ago as as memmembebers. rs. It It was was subseqsubsequentlyuently revised b
revised by y Dr. Fernando Dr. Fernando D. D. PaParagas on ragas on April 20April 2016 16 folfolllowowing ing new gnew guiuidedelines lines for publfor publicic access to theses and dissertations.
Gu
Guiidebook debook 2016, page 32016, page 3 CONTENTS OF THE GUIDEBOOK
CONTENTS OF THE GUIDEBOOK I.
I. General GuidelinesGeneral Guidelines A.
A. FoFormattirmatting ng of of TextText B.
B. FormattiFormatting ng of of Charts, Pictures Charts, Pictures and Iland Illlustratustratiioons, ns, and Tables and and Tables and MatriMatricesces C.
C. Submission ProceduresSubmission Procedures II.
II. Formatting GuidelinesFormatting Guidelines A.
A. Sample CoverSample Cover B.
B. Sample SpineSample Spine C.
C. SaSamplmple Title Title e PaPage ge for B.A. for B.A. ThesesTheses D.
D. SamplSample e TiTitltle e Page fPage for M.or M.A. ThA. Theses eses and Diand Dissertatssertatiioonsns E.
E. Sample University Permission PageSample University Permission Page F.
F. Sample Approval Sheet Page for B.A. ThesesSample Approval Sheet Page for B.A. Theses G.
G. Sample Approval Sheet Page for M.A. Theses and DissertationsSample Approval Sheet Page for M.A. Theses and Dissertations H.
H. Sample Biographical PageSample Biographical Page I.
I. Sample Acknowledgment PageSample Acknowledgment Page J.
J. Sample Dedication PageSample Dedication Page K.
K. Abstract Page SamplesAbstract Page Samples L.
L. Sample Table of ContentsSample Table of Contents M.
M. Sample ListsSample Lists N.
N. Sample Page LayoutSample Page Layout O.
O. Sample First Page of a ChapterSample First Page of a Chapter P.
P. SubheadsSubheads Q.
Q. Sample TablesSample Tables R.
R. Sample ChartSample Chart S.
S. Sample Graphics (Pictures, Illustrations)Sample Graphics (Pictures, Illustrations) T.
T. Sample MatrixSample Matrix III.
III. Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Materials A.
A. Basic OBasic Outlutlinine e of of ChapChapters and ters and SeSectionsctions B.
B. Basic Writing GuidelinesBasic Writing Guidelines C.
C. MemMemorandum orandum No. No. FRN FRN 15-15- 038038 IV.
IV. Online ResourcesOnline Resources Please co
Please consulnsult t the the folfolllowowing ing webswebsites fites for citatior citation on and and reference reference stylstyles:es: -- APA Style Guide:APA Style Guide: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/
Gu
Guiidebook debook 2016, page 42016, page 4 I. G
I. GENERAL ENERAL GUIDEGUIDELINESLINES A. Formatting
A. Formatting of of TextText Use th
Use the fe follollowowiing ng for for the entithe entire re dodocument:cument: 1.
1. Citation and references:Citation and references:Use AUse APA (PA (AmAmeriericacan n PsycholPsychologicaogical l AssociatiAssociatioon) n) 66thth
Editi
Edition on or or MLA MLA (Mo(Modedern rn LanguLanguage age AssocAssociiatioation) n) for for iin-ten-text citatixt citation on and the and the llisting isting ofof reference
references. s. Do Do not mnot miix cx ciitation tation stylstyles.es. 2.
2. Font:Font: Ti Times mes NeNew w Roman 1Roman 12 2 popoiints onts or r AriArial al 11 11 popoiints nonts normalrmal, , for for the entithe entirere doc
documument, ent, except for footnotes except for footnotes (see below). N(see below). No o other fonother font t mmay be uay be used, sed, even feven for theor the prel
preliimiminary nary sectisection.on. 3.
3. Paper:Paper: White, 8.5” x 11”, 80gsmWhite, 8.5” x 11”, 80gsm. No special paper may be used in any part of the. No special paper may be used in any part of the doc
documument, ent, except for photo paper fexcept for photo paper for pior pictures, ctures, graphigraphics, cs, and othand other iler illlustrustratatiioons.ns. 4.
4. Margin:Margin: 1.1.5” 5” for the for the lleft eft margimargin, n, 1.1.0” 0” forfor the top, rithe top, right, ght, and bottoand bottom mm marginsargins 5.
5. Justification.Justification. Use ragg Use ragged ed rigright margin ht margin becbecause thiause this is s is more readmore readabable le than fthan forcorceded ju
justistify fy mmargargiinn.. 6.
6. Spacing:Spacing: Double spaciing for Double spacng for the the entire docentire documument. ent. NNo o adadditiditionaonal sl spacpacining beg betweentween parag
paragraphraphs. s. Add an extAdd an extra ra doubldouble e space between sectispace between sectionsons.. 7.
7. Page numbers:Page numbers: Place page numPlace page numbebers rs in in the headethe header, on r, on the top the top rigright ht corcorner. Follner. Followow these f
these formatting ormatting guiguidedelilines nes for for spespecifcific ic papages ges in in the the dodocument. Examples cument. Examples are are inin Sections III and IV.
Sections III and IV. a.
a. FoFor r all all papages precges precededining the fg the first cirst chaptehapter, use lr, use loweowercarcase se Roman numRoman numeraeralls s (i, (i, iiii,, iii…)
iii…). . HoweverHowever, page num, page numbebers rs shall fshall fiirst rst apappepear ar on on the Table the Table of of CoContents.ntents. Al
Although though the Tthe Tiitltle, e, Approval SApproval Sheet, heet, BiBiographicaographical l Data, Data, AcknowlAcknowledgedgmmeent,nt, Dedicati
Dedication, on, and Abstract pand Abstract pages are ages are counted in thcounted in the pagie pagination, nation, theitheir r page npage numumbebersrs are not shown.
are not shown. b.
b. For thFor the be body, use Hiody, use Hindu-Arabndu-Arabiic c nunummeralserals (1, 2, 3…). Numbering(1, 2, 3…). Numbering should beginshould begin wi
with the fith the first rst papage ge of of the fthe fiirst rst chapchapter, ter, but but the page nuthe page nummbeber r should should not not apappepear onar on the f
the fiirst prst page. Sage. Siimimillaarrly, ly, the fthe first page of irst page of eaceach h succesucceededining g chapchapter ter shoulshould had have nove no pag
page e nnumumber.ber. c.
c. Page nuPage nummbers bers stand alone, with no stand alone, with no specspeciial al fformattingormatting. . Do nDo not uot use dse dashes (-2-ashes (-2-) ) oror the word
the word ““PPagagee”” (Ex.: Page 2) (Ex.: Page 2) to to identify identify page nupage nummbebers.rs. 8.
8. FootnotesFootnotes sh shoulould d be be used inused instead stead of of endnotes endnotes to promote readato promote readabilbility. ity. PlacePlace sequenti
sequentiaally lly nunummberebered d ffootnotes ootnotes at at the bottom the bottom of tof the he appappropriate paropriate page. Footnotesge. Footnotes mu
must bst be e sinsinglgle-e-spaspacedced, , usiusing ng TiTimes mes NeNew w Roman 1Roman 11 1 popoinints ots or r Arial 10 Arial 10 popoinints.ts. Foo
Footnotes mutnotes must st be separated be separated frfrom om the mthe main ain bodbody by a y by a short lishort line.ne.
B. Form
B. Formattiatting ng of of Charts, PCharts, Piictures ctures and Iland Illlustratioustrations, ns, and Tand Tables aables and nd MatricesMatrices 1.
1. Charts, pictures and ilCharts, pictures and illlustratustratioions, ns, and tand tables aables and nd mmatriatrices ces shoulshould d appappear ear on on the samthe samee page or on the f
page or on the fololllowing owing page page afafter ter ththey are ey are mmenentitioned oned iin the n the textext. t. Put an exPut an extrtra a doubldoublee spac
space before ane before and ad affter these ter these iitemtems. s. Photo pPhoto paper maper may ay be ube used for charts, psed for charts, piictures, ctures, andand illustrations.
Guidebook 2016, page 5 2. Images must fit and be centered within margins. If a table, figure, or picture does not
fit in a portrait page layout, change to a landscape layout. Put this landscaped page immediately after the page that cites the table, figure, or picture. The landscaped page must have a 1.5” margin at the top, and 1.0” margin on all others. Landscaped pages must be oriented away from the binding.
3. No text should appear to the left or to the right of the charts, pictures and illustrations, and tables and matrices.
4. Label charts, pictures and illustrations, and tables and matrices chronologically using Hindu-Arabic numerals.
5. Put titles at the top of the charts, pictures and illustrations, and tables and matrices. Ensure that these titles match those in the Table of Contents and in the document. Titles must be flush left, rather than centered, on the page.
6. Place captions at the bottom of the pictures and illustrations. Captions must be single-spaced. Separate captions from the text with an extra double space.
C. Submission Procedures
The deadline for submission of loose leaf theses and dissertations isat least one workweek before the last day for the submission of grades for graduating students to provide sufficient time for content and format checking, corrections and binding. For
example, if the deadline for submission of grades is June 7, these s and diss ertations must be approved for binding by the adviser before May 31.
Undergraduate and master’s theses must be hardbound using maroon leatherette with gold lettering. Doctoral dissertations must be hardbound using black leatherette with gold lettering.
The filenames for the digital files (either the document version or the digital version of the production work) should be as follows: “Last Name, First Name Middle Name; the month and year of graduation; and the title of the thesis/dissertation (Ex.: De la Cruz, Juana Santos 04-07 A Case Study of the University of the Philippines College of Mass Communication)
The CD/DVD must be submitted in a thin transparent plastic case without any special cover or label. Simply write the title and the name/s of the author/s on the disc itself using an alcohol-based CD/DVD marker. The ink of ordinary pentel pens penetrates the disc and destroys the files. Consult the CMC Library for an example.
Guidebook 2016, page 6 To be considered for graduation, an undergraduate student should submit the following to his/her Department Secretary:
1. For Broadcast Communication
- Three hardbound copies — one each for the library, the department, and the student
- Four CD/DVD copies of the consolidated thesis in PDF format — one each for the library, the department, the adviser, and the student
- Four CD/DVD copies of any production work — one each for the library, the department, the adviser, and the student
2. For Communication Research
- Three hardbound copies and three CD/DVD copies of the consolidated thesis in PDF format — one each for the library, the adviser, and the student.
- One additional CD/DVD copy of the consolidated thesis in PDF format for the department
3. For Film
- Four hardbound copies — one each for the library, the Institute, the adviser, and the student
- Four DVD copies of the production work — one for the library, the Institute, the adviser, and the student. These DVD copies may use a designed cover.
- One CD/DVD copy of the consolidated thesis in PDF format for the library - One mini-DVD copy for the Institute
4. For Journalism
- Four CD/DVD copies of the consolidated thesis in PDF format — one each for the library, the department, the adviser, and the student
- One hardbound copy for the library
According to the 2006 UP CMC Rules for MA and PhD Students, an “applicant for
graduation must submit to the Graduate Studies Department at least five (5) bound copies and at least one digital copy of the approved master’s thesis as a prerequisite for
graduation.”
Moreover, PhD students who are applying for graduation must submit to the Graduate Studies Department at least one pre-print (or pre-publication) paper on the approved doctoral dissertation, where applicable, as another prerequisite for graduation.
Guidebook 2016, page 7 II. FORMATTING GUIDELINES
External features A. Cover
B. Spine
Preliminary Section C. Title page
D. University Permission page E. Approval Sheet page
F. Biographical page G. Acknowledgment page H. Dedication page I. Abstract page J. Table of Contents K. List of Tables Body L. Page layout
M. First page of a chapter N. Subheads
O. Tables P. Chart
Q. Graphics (Pictures, Illustrations) R. Matrix
Guidebook 2016, page 8
AN ACADEMIC LIFE:
A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
JUANA SANTOS DE LA CRUZ
COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES DILIMAN
APRIL 2008
Only one of the f ollowingmay appear on the cover: October for First Semester, April for Second
Semester, and May for Summer graduation. Use
all caps.
The name of the College and the University must appear about 3.5” above the bottom edge of the cover. Please note the correct spelling of UP Diliman.
The month and the year of graduation must appear
about 2” above the bottom edge of t he cover.
A. SAMPLE COVER
All theses and dissertations must be hardbound. They must use gold l ettering and Times New Roman, 14 points, on the cover. Theses must be covered in deep maroon
leatherette and dissertations in black leatherette. Bound copies must measure 8.5” by 11”.
All text in the cover must be single-spaced.
The full title must appear centered within the cover, with the creative title (if any) on
the first line. Use all caps for the title.
Your FULL name must appear about 5.5” from the top edge of the cover. Use all caps. In case of multiple
authors, v ertically center your names around 5.5” from the top edge of the cover. The title should
appear 2.5” from the top edge of the cover.
Alphabetically list multiple authors according to their surnames.
Guidebook 2016, page 9 D E L A C R U Z , J S U P C M C A P R I L 2 0 0 8 A N A C A D E M I C L I F E : A C A S E S T U D Y O F T H E U N I V E R S I T Y O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S C O L L E G E O F M A S S C O M M U N I C A T I O N B. SAMPLE SPINE The spine must use gold lettering and Times New Roman, 14 points. All caps must be used.
The first 3” must contain the name/s of the author using this format: Surname, First
name initials Middle name initials. For streamlined look ,
remove periods after initials. (Use DE LA CRUZ, JS. Do not use DE LA CRUZ J.S.)
Name/s must be horizontally and vertically centered within
this space.
East Asian names may omit the comma.
There is a single 6- point gold line at
the top and bottom areas of the spine, as well as between the main items in it.
The middl e 6” must contain the full title, which must be
horizontally and vertically centered within this space.
The bottom 2” of the spine must contain the initials UP
CMC as well as the month and the year of graduation.
Guidebook 2016, page 10
SOME NOTES ON THE FRONT SECTION OF THESES AND DISSERTATIONS
The required first three pages of theses and dissertations are as follows: 1. Title page
2. University Permission page
3. Approval page (this is the page where faculty members sign)
The first two pages are based on Memorandum No. FRN 15-038 issued by UP Diliman Vice Chancellor for Research and Development Fidel R. Nemenzo, DSc to clarify and revise guidelines for public access to Theses and Dissertations.
As the Memorandum indicates, theses and dissertations will be classified into one of only four categories:
- I: has patentable or registrable invention or registration - P: author wishes to publish the work personally
- C: confidentia l information of a third party is embedded
- F: a regular work, i.e., it has no patentable invention or creation, the author does not wish for personal publication, there is no confidential information.
Most theses and dissertations perhaps fall into the F category. If theses and dissertations are classified in any of the other categories, please consult the Memorandum which is included the third chapter of this guidebook.
Guidebook 2016, page 11 UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Bachelor of Arts in Broadcast Communication
JUANA SANTOS DE LA CRUZ JUAN REYES DE LOS SANTOS
A Case Study of the College of Mass Communication of the University of the Philippines
Thesis Adviser:
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree]
College of Mass Communication
University of the Philippines
Date of Submission
31 May 2016
Thesis Classification:
F
This thesis is available to the public.
Top margin: 1”
Bottom margin: 1”
C. SAMPLE TITLE PAGE FOR B.A. THESES
Two double spaces from the top margin for the 1”x1” U P logo. The full UP name should be typed on the
third double space, followed by the degree and program name.
Type these three lines,
separated by double spaces, from the bottom of the page. Make sure you indicate
the correct degree and program: BACHELOR OF ARTS IN - BROADCAST COMMUNICATION - COMMUNICATION RESEARCH - JOURNALISM - FILM
Pleas e follow the
system of capitalization as indicated in this example. Left margin: 1.5”
Two double spaces from the top margin. Your name should be in the third double space. List multiple authors alphabetically, separated y single spaces
A ter our name/s t e our thesis
Two double spaces above the Thesis Classification line, indicate the actual date of submission of the bound copy.
Two double spaces above the dat e of submission, indicate your adviser: e.g., Professor Bituin N.
Guidebook 2016, page 12 UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES
Master of Arts in Communication
JUANA SANTOS DE LA CRUZ
A Case Study of the College of Mass Communication of the University of the Philippines
Thesis/Dissertation Adviser:
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree]
College of Mass Communication University of the P hilippines
Thesis/Dissertation Reader:
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree]
College of Mass Communication University of the Philippines
Date of Submission 31 May 2016
Thesis Classification: F
This thesis is available to the public.
Top margin: 1”
Bottom margin: 1”
C. SAMPLE TITLE PAGE FOR
M.A. THESES & PhD DISSERTATIONS
Two double spaces from the top margin for the 1”x1” UP logo. The full UP name should be typed on the
third double space, followed by the degree and program name.
Type these three lines, separated by 1.5 spaces, from the bottom of the page. Make sure you indicate
the correct degree and program: MASTER OF ARTS IN COMMUNICATION (COMMUNICATION RESEARCH) MASTER OF ARTS IN MEDIA STUDIES - (BROADCAST) - (FILM) MASTER OF ARTS IN JOURNALISM DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN - COMMUNICATION - MEDIA STUDIES
Pleas e follow the
system of capitalization as indicated in this example. Left margin: 1.5”
Two double spaces from the top margin. Your name should be in the third double space.
After your name/s, type your title in italics.
Two 1.5 spaces above the Thesis Classification line, indicate the actual date of submission of the bound
copy.
Two 1.5 spaces above the date of submission, indicate your adviser and reader:
.e.g.,
Professor Bituin N. Masinag, PhD
Guidebook 2016, page 13 UNIVERSITY PERMISSION PAGE
I hereby grant the University of the Philippines a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to reproduce, publish and publicly distribute copies of this thesis or dissertation in whatever form subject to the provisions of applicable laws, the provisions of the UP IPR policy and any contractual obligation, as well as more specific permission marking the
Title Page.
Specifically I grant the following rights to the University:
a) To upload a copy of the work in the thesis database of the
college/school/institute/department and in any other databases available on the public internet;
b) To publish the work in the college/school/institute/dep artment journal, both in print and electronic or digital format and online; and
c) To give open access to the above-mentioned work, thus allowing “fair use” of the work in accordance with the provision of the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293), especially for teaching, scholarly, and research purposes.
JUANA S. DE LA CRUZ
JUAN REYES DE LOS SANTOS
College of Mass Communication University of the Philippines
D. SAMPLE UNIVERSITY PERMISSION PAGE
Top margin: 1”
Two double spaces from the top margin for the 1”x1” UP logo. The full UP name should be typed on the
Guidebook 2016, page 14 AN ACADEMIC LIFE:
A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
by
JUANA SANTOS DE LA CRUZ (Author 2)
(Author 3) (Author 4)
has been approved for
the [State your Department/Institute]
and the University of the Philipp ines College of Mass Communication by
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree]
[State Rank, Name of the Dean, Degree] Dean, College of Mass Communication
Left margin: 1.5” Top margin: 1” Right margin: 1”
E. SAMPLE APPROVAL SHEET FOR B.A. THESES
Nine single spaces from the title. The word “b y” must be typed on the tenth single space. Remove a space for every additional line in
the case of a long title.
Four single spaces from the preceding line. Type the name of the adviser on the f ifth single space. Make sure you have the correct
name and degree of your adviser.
Ex:
Professor Bituin N. Masinag, PhD CHOOSE ONE: Department of Broadcast Communication Department of Communication Research Department of Journalism Film Institute Department of Graduate Studies
Seven single spaces between the line of the first author’s name and
the line “has been approved for.” Four single spaces from the top
margin. The title begins on the fifth single space.
Four single spaces between the adviser’s name and the dean’s name. Type the name of the dean on the sixth single space.
Guidebook 2016, page 15 AN ACADEMIC LIFE:
A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATION
by
JUANA SANTOS DE LA CRUZ
has been approved for
the [State your Department/Institute]
and the University of the Philipp ines College of Mass Communication by
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree] Adviser
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree] Reader/Critic
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree] Member
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree] Member
[State Rank, Name of Adviser, Degree] Member
[State Rank, Name of the Dean, Degree] Dean, College of Mass Communication Left margin: 1.5” Bottom margin: 1” Right margin: 1”
E. SAMPLE APPROVAL SHEET FOR M.A. THESES & Ph.D. DISSERTATIONS
Eight single spaces from the title. The word “b y” must be typed on the ninth single space. Remove a space for every additional line in
the case of a long title.
Four single spaces from the preceding line. Type the name of the adviser on the f ifth single space. Make sure you have the correct
name and degree of your adviser. CHOOSE ONE: Department of Broadcast Communication Department of Communication Research Department of Journalism Film Institute Department of Graduate Studies
Four single spaces between author’s name and the line “has been approved for.”
Four single spaces
Four single spaces
Four single spaces
Example for faculty entries:
Guidebook 2016, page 16 BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
PERSONAL DATA
Name Juana S. De la Cruz
Permanent Address Line 1 Line 2
Telephone Number (+63-Area Code) First Three Digits-Last Four Digits Date & Place of Birth Day Month Year, Manila
EDUCATION
Secondary Level Honor (if applicable), School, City/Municipality, Province of School
Primary Level Honor (if applicable), School, City/Municipality, Province of School
ORGANIZATIONS Position, Organization Position, Organization
WORK EXPERIENCE Position, Office, Months working Position, Office, Months working Position, Office, Months working
ACHIEVEMENTS Achievement 1 Achievement 2
F. SAMPLE BIOGRAPHICAL DATA SHEET
Limit to one page per author. No pictures and special paper.
Example for educational level: Valedictorian, Philippine School for the Arts, Los Baños, Laguna For work experience, cite the three most recent/comprehensive jobs you have had in
college.
For achievements, cite the three most
prestigious. Combine similar achievements in one line. Example:
College scholar: 1st and 2nd semes ter, AY2014-2015, 2nd semes ter, AY 2015-2016.
Guidebook 2016, page 17 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The following thesis, while an individual work, benefited from the insights and direction of several people.
First, my Thesis Adviser, Dr. Bituin N. Masinag, exemplifies the high quality scholarship to which I aspire. In addition, Mr. Pasencioso N. Masigasig provided timely and instructive comments and evaluation at every stage of the thesis process, allowing me to complete this project on schedule. Next, I wish to thank the complete Thesis
Committee. Each individua l provided insights that guided and challenged my thinking, substantially improving the finished product.
In addition to the technical and instrumental assistance above, I received equally important assistance from family and friends. My colleague, Lito N. Glito, provided on-going support throughout the thesis process, as well as technical assistance critical for completing the project in a timely manner.
Finally, I wish to thank the respondents of my study (who remain anonymous for confidentiality purposes). Their comments and insights created an informative and
interesting project with opportunities for future work.
G. SAMPLE ACKNOWLEDGMENT PAGE
This is an optional page. If you decide to write one, make it sound professional since the thesis/dissertation is an academic document. The e xample in this page is culled from http://www.gradschool.uky.edu/ThesisExample11.pdf.
Limit your acknowledgments to one page only, focusing on those who directly helped you in conducting your study. Consolidate your acknowledgments if you are part of a group.
Double-space and justify your text. Note that there is no “e” after the letter “g” in acknowledgment.
Guidebook 2016, page 18 DEDICATION
To my parents
Victorio and Milagros de la Cruz
For instilling in me
From an early age
The desire to obtain a UP degree H. SAMPLE DEDICATION PAGE
This is an optional page. If you decide to write one, make it sound professional since the thesis/dissertation is an academic document.
Limit your dedication/s to one page. Consolidate your dedications in one page if you are part of a group.
Guidebook 2016, page 19 ABSTRACT
De la Cruz, J.S. (2007). Rhetoric and Riot in Rio de Janeiro, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of the Philipp ines College of Mass Communication.
This dissertation examines the role of newspaper editors in the political turmoil and strife that characterized late First Empire Rio de Janeiro (1827-1831). Newspaper editors and their journals helped change the political culture of late First Empire Rio de Janeiro by involving the people in the discussion of state. This change in political culture is apparent in Emperor Pedro I's gradual loss of control over the mechanisms of power. As the newspapers became increasingly numerous and powerful, the Emperor lost his legitimacy in the eyes of the people. To explore the role of the newspapers in the political events of the late First Empire, this dissertation analyzes all available newspapers
published in Rio de Janeiro from 1827 to 1831. Newspapers and their editors were
leading forces in the effort to remove power from the hands of the ruling elite and place it under the control of the people. In the process, newspapers helped change how politics operated in the constitutio nal monarchy of Brazil.
I. ABSTRACT PAGE SAMPLES
Your abstract must be 200 words or less. (The text above has 163 words). It must succinctly contain the following: a statement of your problem/s and objectives based on a synthesis of your related literature review and theoretical framework, a short description of your methodology, and a brief discussion of your most pertinent findings and interpretation. If your thesis has a production component, include a concise explanation of how it relates to your research.
The abstracts above and on the next page were downloaded from http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/abstracts.html.
Include the proper citation of your work.
Guidebook 2016, page 20 ABSTRACT
Andrews, K.T. (1997). 'Freedom is a constant struggle': The dynamics and consequences of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement , 1960-1984, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
This dissertation examines the role of newspaper editors in the political turmoil and strife that characterized late First Empire Rio de Janeiro (1827-1831). Newspaper editors and their journals helped change the political culture of late First Empire Rio de Janeiro by involving the people in the discussion of state. This change in political culture is apparent in Emperor Pedro I's gradual loss of control over the mechanisms of power. As the newspapers became increasingly numerous and powerful, the Emperor lost his legitimacy in the eyes of the people. To explore the role of the newspapers in the political events of the late First Empire, this dissertation analyzes all available newspapers
published in Rio de Janeiro from 1827 to 1831. Newspapers and their editors were
leading forces in the effort to remove power from the hands of the ruling elite and place it under the control of the people. In the process, newspapers helped change how politics operated in the constitutio nal monarchy of Brazil.
Your abstract must be 200 words or less. (The text above has 163 words). It must succinctly contain the following: a statement of your problem/s and objectives based on a synthesis of your related literature review and theoretical framework, a short description of your methodology, and a brief discussion of your most pertinent findings and interpretation. If your thesis has a production component, include a concise explanation of how it relates to your research.
The abstracts above and on the next page were downloaded from http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/abstracts.html.
I. ABSTRACT PAGE SAMPLES Include the proper citation of
Guidebook 2016, page 21 ABSTRACT
Andrews, K.T. (1997). 'Freedom is a constant struggle': The dynamics and consequences of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement , 1960-1984, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook.
This dissertation examines the impacts of social movements through a multi-layered study of the Mississipp i Civil Rights Movement from its peak in the early 1960s through the early 1980s. By examining this historically important case, I clarify the process by which movements transform social structures and the constraints' movements face when they try to do so. The time period studied in this dissertation includes the expansion of voting rights and gains in black political power, the desegregation of public schools and the emergence of white-flight academies, and the rise and fall of federal anti-poverty programs. I use two major research strategies: (1) a quantitative analysis of county-level
data and (2) three case studies. Data have been collected from archives, interviews, newspapers and published reports. This dissertation challenges the argument that movements are inconsequential. Indeed, some view federal agencies, courts, political parties, or economic elites as the agents driving institutional change. Typically these
groups acted in response to movement demands and the leverage brought to bear by the civil rights movement. The Mississipp i movement attempted to forge independent
structures for sustaining challenges to local inequities and injustices. By propelling
change in an array of local institutions, movement infrastructures had an enduring legacy in Mississippi.
I. ABSTRACT PAGE SAMPLES Include the proper citation of
Guidebook 2016, page 22 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Biographical Data iii
Acknowledgments iv
Dedication v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables x
List of Matrices xi
List of Figures xii
I. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Background of the Study 1
B. Statement of the Problem and Objectives 5
C. Significance of the Study 7
D. Scope and Limitations 10
The first page number appears on the page of the Table of Contents. Locate it 0.5” from the top and align it with the right margin. Us e Times New Roman 12 points. Use this as a checklist for the needed
pages/sections in your thesis:
Insert a two-column table, with the right column width pegged at 0.5”
The subheads indicated here are only for formatting pur poses. They are not
the required minimum contents for each chapter.
Note that only the first-level subhead is included in the Table of Contents.
Guidebook 2016, page 23 LIST OF TABLES
Number Title Page
1 Profile of Respondents 1 2 1 3 5 4 7 5 10 LIST OF FIGURES
Number Title Page
1 2 3 4 5
The following examples serve as a guide for the look of your lists of tables, matrices, and figures (which includes charts, illustrations, pictures, and other graphics). In your actual document, begin a new page for each list.
Make sure that the titles in these lists are the same as those in the body of your document. Also, number all your tables consecutively using Hindu-Arabic
numerals without decimal places (E.g. 1, 2, 3 and not 1.0., 1.1., 1.2.) . Details for the titling of tables and other collaterals are in Section IV.
In creating these lists, insert a three-column table and label each column
accordingly. The first column has a width of 0.75” while the third column has a width of 0.5”.
Single-space titles, but put a double space between titles. K. SAMPLE LISTS
Guidebook 2016, page 24
2
Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.1
Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium
doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo (Cicero, 1995). Nemo enim ipsam
voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptate m sequi nesciunt.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
1 Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur,
adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem.
Top margin: 1”
L. SAMPLE PAGE LAY-OUT
Left margin: 1.5” Right margin: 1” The page number
appears on the second page of each chapter. Locate it 0.5” from the
top and ali gn it with the right margin. Use Times New Roman, 12 points.
Use superscripted Hindu-Arabic numerals for footnotes. Use footnotes rather than endnotes.
Footnotes are located at the bottom of each page, separated from the main text by a line. Footnotes are numbered consecutively using
Hindu-Arabic numerals. The text uses the same font and font size as the main body. The footnote t ext is single-spaced and the justification is ragged right. I ts first line is indented by 0.5”. Make sure that the footnote and its referent are on the same page.
Guidebook 2016, page 25 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium
doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo (Cicero, 1995). Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt.
Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptate m. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur?
At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus qui blanditiis
praesentium voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint occaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita distinctio.
M. SAMPLE FIRST PAGE OF A CHAPTER There is no page numberon the first page of each
chapter.
The chapter must be labeled with the appropriate Roman numeral and title, in all caps.
Paragraphs must be indented, ragged right justify, and double-spaced. There are no extra spaces between paragraphs. But there is an extra double space between sections.
READ the supplementary materials for details about in-text citation, using either APA or MLA. Do not mix citation styles.
Guidebook 2016, page 26 I. INTRODUCTION
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
A. The First Subhead
Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium
doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam, eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptate m quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt.
1. The Second Subhead
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a. The Third Subhead
Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit qui in ea voluptate velit esse quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum qui dolorem eum fugiat quo voluptas nulla pariatur?
N. SUBHEADS
The chapter must be labeled with the appropriate Roman numeral and title, in all caps.
This is the only subhead that appears in the Table of Contents (TOC). It mus t be the same as the one in the TOC.
The first-level subhead must be centered and labeled with the appropriate letter in caps.
The second-level subhead must be centered, italicized, and labeled with the appropriate Hindu-Arabic numeral.
There mus t only be three levels of subheads to prom ote readability. The flush-left third-level subhead is labeled with a lowercase letter.
Guidebook 2016, page 27 Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem.
Table 2. Profile of Respondents (N=365)
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 44.4 Female 55.6 Age 21 to 34 50.3 35 to 57 49.7 Notes: Instructions:
1. Consolidate similar data in one table with spanner heads, as shown in the example. Column heads and spanner heads (e.g. Gender) must be centered within the cell, while row entries must be flush left.
2. Single-space the table. Include an extra double space before and after the table.
3. Figures must be aligned right, then centered in the cell. Distinguish percentage figures from frequencies through a single decimal place.
4. Do not compute percentages for sample sizes where the units of analysis number less than 100. Use either raw frequencies or proportions.
5. Include notes on the last merged row of the table. Examples of notes include sources, multiple response items, among others.
6. Place a table immed iately after the paragraph in which it is first cited. If it does not fit on the page where it is first cited, place it on the immediately succeeding page.
Remember that since tables are visual aids, they must be located after they are cited. In other words, the discussion must precede the table.
O. SAMPLE TABLES
Extra doubl e space before a table. Number tables consecutively using Hindu-Arabic numerals. Separate Table Numbers from the Table Title
Titles must be concise and italicized. Ensure that titles are the entered the same way in the TOC. “N” indicates total sample size.
Guidebook 2016, page 28 Table 3. Change in Job by Gender and Age
Change in job Sample (N=320) Gender Age Male (n=142) Female (n=178) 21 to 34 years old (n=161) 35 to 57 years old (n=159) First employment 27.2 19.7 33.1 26.7 27.7 Underemployed 13.4 7.7 18.0 12.4 14.5 The same 56.9 68.3 47.8 59.0 54.7 Better 2.5 4.2 1.1 1.9 3.1 Chi-square 2 (3, N = 320) = 30.30, p < .01 2 (3, N = 320) = 1.06, p = .79 Instructions:
1. For cross-tabulations, put independent variables on the columns and dependent variables on the rows.
2. Indicate the sub-sample sizes with a small letter n.
3. For bi-variate and multi- variate tables with Chi-square tests of significance, remember to include the following statistics :
- 2 (1, N = 320) = 1.00, p = .32 2(Degree of freedom, N = Sample size), Computed Chi-square value, p = Significance score
4. For t-tests and ANOVA, create a table that shows mean scores and standard deviation. Include the following statistics:
- t (318 = 3.99, p < .01) t (Degree of freedom = Computed T-test value, p = Significance score)
- F (3,316 = 5.76, p < .01) F (Degree of freedom, Sample size = ANOVA value, p = Significance score)
Guidebook 2016, page 29 Chart 1. Annual Deployment of Overseas Filipino Workers, 1984-2002
Instructions:
1. Consecutively number charts using Hindu-Arabic numerals. 2. Streamline charts, removing extra lines, zeroes, etc.
3. Do not use color in distinguishing the categories in the charts. Instead, use patterns or a palette of black, white, and distinct shades of gray.
4. Single-space the text in the chart. Include an extra double space before and after the chart.
5. Include notes at the bottom of the chart. Examples of notes include sources and multiple response items. For sources, follow APA guidelines, as shown in the example above.
6. Place a chart immediately after the paragraph in which it is first cited. If it does not fit on the page where it is first cited, place it on the immediately succeeding page. As with other visual aids, charts must be located after they are cited. In other words, the discussion must precede the chart.
P. SAMPLE CHART
Source. Philippine Overseas Employment Administration. (2005). Overseas Employment Statistics [Data in Microsoft Excel files]. Retrieved March 17, 2008 from
<www.poea.gov.ph>. Land-based Sea-based Total 2002 Year N u m b e r ( i ‘ 1984 1986 1988 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2003 2004
Guidebook 2016, page 30 Figure 1. Images from the 2005 Philippine Fiesta in America
Clockwise, from top left: Last year’s beauty pageant winners; a booth selling Philippine cable TV services, food items sold turo-turo (point-point) style; a booth with a traditional hut; and a parade of colors.
Instructions:
1. Consecutively number figures using Hindu-Arabic numerals. Include all pictures, illustrations, and graphics under figures.
2. Consolidate similar images in a collage as shown above. Crop pictures to save space. 3. Single-space the caption. Include an extra double space before and after the chart. 4. Include notes after the caption. Examples of notes are sources, in which case, follow
APA guidelines.
5. Place a figure immediately after the paragraph in which it is first cited. If it does not fit on the page where it is first cited, place it on the immediately succeeding page. As with other visual aids, figures must be located after they are cited. In other words, the discussion must precede the figure.
Guidebook 2016, page 31 Matrix 1. Sample Episode Codes for Sex and the City
Item Episode 7. The Chicken Dance Episode 9. The Man, the Myth, and the Viagra
Alcohol They drink at the footsteps of the apartment next to Miranda’s while chatting. They even walk with “open containers.” Samantha looks drunk at the wedding reception.
Carrie drinks wine at the dinner with Big. Miranda drinks at the Comic bar then when she meets Steve. Cocktails at Denial. Brunch with alcohol. Samantha is at a bar drinking wine when she meets the old guy.
Nutrition Meals are served during the love triangle date, the going-away party for Jeremy, during their regular meal at Café, café and also during the wedding.
Brunch al fresco at Vermouth. Mountains of vegetables. Miranda eats rice pudding.
Instructions:
1. Include only summary matrices in the body of the document. Place extended matrices — suc h as those that include verbatim interview transcripts — in the
appendices. Since these extended matrices organize transcripts, raw transcripts must no longer be included in the thesis.
2. Vertically and horizontally center column heads.
3. Matrices must be formatted the same way as the other organizing tools. Notice the title format and the single-spaced text, for instance. Also, include an extra double space before and after the matrix.
4. Consecutively number matrices using Hindu-Arabic numerals.
5. Place a matrix on the same page, or on the next page immediately after the page, where it is cited.
Guidebook 2016, page 32 III. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS
A. Basic Outline of Chapters and Sections
The following are suggested chapters and sections that may be used for theses and dissertations.
Title Page
Approval Sheet Page Biographical Data Page Abstract
Table of Contents
Lists of Tables, Matrices, Figures (if any) I. Introduction
II. Review of Related Literature III. Study Framework
IV. Methodology/Research Design V. Results and Discussion
VI. Summary and Conclusion
VII. Implications and Recommendations Bibliography
Appendices
B. Basic Writing Guidelines
I. INTRODUCTION. This chapter provides an overview of the entire work. A. Background of the Study. This section must contain the following:
1. An introduction of the communication or media concern that the work seeks to discuss using historical and baseline data (e.g., timelines, statistical trends, population data, media facts and figures), and qualitative insights (e.g.,
quotations, anecdotes, reviews);
2. An introduction and explanation of the chosen cases (e.g., a media
organization, the population of young adults, a specific geographical area) that are going to be used to study the communication or media concern.
[For example, the introduction first introduces corruption in media outlets by explaining envelopmental and checkbook journalism. It then explains why beat reporters are the best people to study for this type of corruption in media.]
B. Statement of the Problem and Objectives. This section must not only be a listing of the problem and objectives. Instead, it must link the problem to the arguments presented in the background of the study (ideally, in a 100-word paragraph). The
research problem itself must be a clearly articulated research question or a series of questions.
C. Significance of the Study. This must state why the study is being done. It must draw arguments from the background of the study, the related literature, the study
Guidebook 2016, page 33 framework to explain 1) how the study can illuminate a specific communication or media concern and 2) why the chosen cases can best address this concern. It must provide a preview of the implications and recommendations.
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. This chapter must provide a substantive review of the findings, methods, and theories from previous studies as published in academic and scholarly-reviewed documents such as journals, research anthologies, theses, and dissertations. Some helpful tips in writing the review:
!
Begin the literature with a description of the concepts that are being explored inthe chapter. Do not say, “This chapter reviews related literature.”
!
The literature that is being reviewed must be organized according to substantiveconcepts/themes that adhere to the objectives of the study. Thus, refrain from organizing the literature into “local studies” and “foreign studies” unless the research objective of the study is to compare territorial perspectives. Also, never organize the related literature review according to document type (e.g., journals, books, theses, dissertations).
!
The literature must not be an enumeration of previous studies. In other words, itmust not appear as an extended annotated bibliography. (An example would be to have a series of paragraphs that begin with “A thesis by…,” “Another thesis
by…,” and “Yet another thesis by…”.)
!
The literature links your study to previous research. Thus, a review must cogentlycompare and contrast what has been argued in literature on the communication or media concern that is at the heart of the current work; afterwards, explain how these arguments relate to your own research. Group together similar findings, then contrast these with dissenting results. Provide a critique of the literature being reviewed.
!
Textbook definitions and the etymologies of concepts must appear in theintroduction, not in this chapter.
!
In citing related literature, use the past tense (e.g., Cicero (1945) said/argued/wrote; According to Cicero (1945), pleasure was…). However, in relating related literature to your own research, use the present tense. Please use the appropriate APA or MLA in-text citation format.
!
Conclude this chapter with a synthesis of research gaps — what is known and whatis unknown, what has been done and what has not been done, what theoretical approaches have been used and which have not been used as regards your research question. This facilitates the connection of your study to previous knowledge and helps you articulate the significance of your research.
III. STUDY FRAMEWORK. This chapter presents the theoretical — sociological, critical, humanistic — foundations of your research. Further, it explains how previous
scholarly arguments inform your research. Finally, it serves as a blueprint as to how the variables/concepts in your study relate to one another.
There are generally two ways of presenting the study framework. One approach that is perhaps useful for qualitative research is a conceptual framework that combines the theoretical concepts and conceptual constructs that are used in the research. Another
Guidebook 2016, page 34 approach that is perhaps useful for quantitative research is the three-level
operationalization process, which is discussed below.
The use of models is encouraged since this helps visualize the relationships among variables and measure or concepts and indicators.
A. Theoretical Level. This section explains why a chosen theory best informs the research. It discusses the theory’s author/s and historical roots as well as the
original context for which it was developed. It explains each concept in the theory and the inter-relations among these concepts. Moreover, the section includes a literature-based critique of the theory. Thus, the discussion of the theoretical level must not solely depend on a textbook compendium of theories (such as
Littlejohn’s), but on a thorough research of the theory’s evolution itself and a comprehensive analysis of its concepts and arguments using various scholarly sources.
Should the research involve several theories, each individual theory must be discussed as described in the preceding paragraph. Then, a discussion of how the theories integrate — which concepts are either included or excluded, for instance — must be included.
Remember that theoretical framework must be parsimonious. Thus, avoid unnecessarily complicated models and arguments that cover a bigger ground than what the research does.
B. Conceptual Level. This applies the theory or the integrative theory into the thesis/dissertatio n. It explains the soundness of how a concept as originally defined by its author translates into the current effort.
C. Operational Level . This section explains the specific measures for the measures or indicators that are being used in the study to explore particular variables and
concepts. This section must match the components of the research instrument. D. Operational Definition of Terms. This section includes terms that are used
differently from their dictionary definitions.
E. Statement of Hypotheses. Quantitative studies that involve statistical analysis must include this section. Each hypothesis (labeled as H1, H2a, H2b…) must be
introduced by an explanatory paragraph.
IV. METHODOLOGY. This chapter describes and explains the logic behind the
gathering and analysis of research data. In the proposal stage, this chapter is written in the future tense. Thus, during thesis writing stage, make sure that this chapter’s text is changed into past tense.
A. Research Design and Methods. This section explains the choices in the conduct of the research. Did the study use a qualitative, a quantitative, or a triangulate
approach? Did it use a one-shot, cross-sectional, or longitudinal approach? Which specific methods were used? Why?
B. Concepts and Indicators/Variables and Measures. This links the framework and the methodology. Thus, this section discusses how specific variables or concepts were operationalized into particular measures or indicators.
Guidebook 2016, page 35 C. Research Instruments. This section describes the questionnaires that were used to
gather data. Rather than simply regurgitat ing the elements of the instruments, this section must explain the logic behind the design of these questionnaires.
D. Units of Analysis and Sampling . This section explains how specific units (e.g., households or groups, newspapers or news articles) were chosen for the study. Also, it explains how these units were selected using probability or
non- probability sampling.
E. Data Gathering/Generation and Construction. This section describes in detail the protocols that were followed during data gathering, especially in the
implementation of the sampling scheme, and the rationale behind these protocols. It can also include a timetable or a budget report. This section also explains any changes between the proposed and the implemented data gathering procedure. F. Data Analysis. This section explains how and why the data were organized,
analyzed, and interpreted accordingly.
G. Scope and Limitations. This section must explain the parameters of the study. An important caveat is that a concern that is not within the scope of the study must not be considered as a limitation. For instance, do not say that a qualitative study is limited by its inability to provide representativeness and generalizabi lity
because, in the first place, a qualitative study is not designed to do so.
V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION*. This chapter presents the findings of the study. To ensure that the research does address what it originally sought to do, this chapter must be organized according to the specific objectives.
In the case of studies that use triangulation, this chapter must not be organized according to methods to promote consistency across theses and dissertations and ease of access to their findings. Thus, a section in the Results and Discussion chapter must draw from both quantitative and qualitative data to address the objectives. Findings can only be organized by method if the study is primarily methodological in nature. Thus, an answer to a specific objective must draw from both quantitative and
qualitative data.
This transmutation table below must be used for quantitative data. Never use percentages for sample sizes where the units of analysis number less than 100.
Instead, use proportions or ratios.
Percentage Proportion/Fractions Ratios
20 1/5 1 out of 5 2 out of 10 25 1/4 1 out of 4 2 out of 8
33.3 1/3 1 out of 3 More than 3 out of 10 50 1/2 1 out of 2 5 out of 10
51 Majority
60 3/5 6 out of 10 A big majority 66.7 2/3 2 out of 3 About 7 out of 10
70 Exactly 7 out of 10
75 ! 3 out of 4 6 out of 8
80 4/5 4 out of 5 8 out of 10 90 9 out of 10 Almost all 95-99 Most
Guidebook 2016, page 36 Some helpful items to remember in writing the results and discussion:
!
Discussion must precede any visual aid such as tables, charts, pictures ormatrices.
!
All direct quotes must be italicized and attributed to specific informants (usepseudonyms if needed). Quotes that are longer than three manuscript lines must be indented by 0.5”. Non-English quotes from interviewees and FGD participants
must be followed by an English translation in brackets.
!
When discussing data, use the past tense because there were gathered weeksbefore the write-up is composed. However, use the present tense when making inferences across findings.
!
The findings of the study must be linked to the earlier chapters. To compose asound and solid thesis or dissertation, compare and contrast the findings with what has been earlier found in literature or argued in theory. Thus, cite previous studies and theories in making your arguments.
VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. This chapter must include the following: A. Summary. This answers the general objective by discussing the findings
across specific objectives. In doing this, cite previous studies and theories to support various arguments.
B. Conclusion. This succinctly answers the research question.
VII. IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Any research must ultimately answer the question “So what?” This chapter directly answers this question on at least three levels (see below). There are other possible implications and
recommendations.
A. Theoretical Issues. This section explains 1) the theoretical value of the findings and 2) the soundness of the original study framework. It must chart future research directions on the same topic but from or with a different theoretical perspective. It may also offer a new theory — this is particularly important for a dissertation.
B. Methodological Issues. This section explains the soundness of the
methodology as it was implemented. It discusses the implications of the methods, the units of analysis, sampling scheme, research instruments, and data gathering procedures on the resultant findings. It must chart future directions for studies on the same topic but which use a different
methodology.
C. Practical Issues. This section discusses the practical implications and applications of the findings. Examples include recommendations on improving media literacy and communication practice.
Guidebook 2016, page 37 C. Memorandum No. FRN 15-038