NSRP
Complex Project
Nghi Son, Vietnam
Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical
Limited Liability Company
Employer Doc. No. Contractor Doc. No.
S-000-1654-0400V
Rev. A Page 1 of 34 Employer Contract No.: XXXXX, Contractor JOB Code: 0-6495-20 Date: 11/JUL/2013
Rev Date Page Description Prep'd Chk'd App'd
A 11/JUL/2013 All First issue J.F L.W. M.K
Operation Centre JOB Code: 0-6495-20 Operation Centre Doc. No.:
Responsible Company Prepared by Checked by Approved by
SCAFFOLD PROCEDURE
Unit No.: Not Applicable
Document Class: X
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CONTENTS
1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE ... 4
1.1 Purpose ... 4 1.2 Scope ... 4 2 DEFINITIONS ... 4 2.1 Abbreviations ... 5 3 REFERENCES ... 5 4 RESPONSIBILITIES ... 5 4.1 CONTRACTOR ... 5 4.2 Subcontractors Responsibilities ... 6 5 SCAFFOLDING ... 7 5.1 General ... 7
5.2 Scaffold Related Terms and Definitions: ... 7
5.3 Planning ... 15
5.4 Inspection and Tagging ... 15
5.5 Erection Sequence ... 16
5.6 Access ... 16
5.7 Working Platforms ... 17
5.8 Duty Live Loads ... 18
5.9 Engineer Designed Scaffolds ... 19
5.10 Damaged Equipment ... 19
5.11 Cutting Scaffolding Tubes ... 20
5.12 NDT Work off Scaffolds... 20
5.13 Completion Tags ... 20
5.14 Mobile Scaffolds ... 20
5.15 Welded Metal Frame Scaffolds ... 21
5.16 Aluminium Scaffolding... 22
6 SCAFFOLD CONTROL MANAGEMENT ... 22
6.1 Standards ... 22
6.2 Qualifications and Competency Assessment ... 22
6.3 Risk Assessments ... 23
6.4 Erection and Dismantling ... 23
6.5 Handover ... 23
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 3 of 34 6.7 Inspection ... 24 6.8 Falling Objects ... 25 6.9 Access ... 25 6.10 Register ... 25 7 ATTACHMENTS: ... 25
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1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this procedure is to provide guidelines for the erection, modification, dismantling and storage of scaffolding that is to be constructed / used on the project.
Implementation of these guidelines is essential to allow a means of safe access to work fronts using scaffolding that is assembled, inspected and maintained in a safe and accident free environment.
1.2 Scope
These HSSE requirements apply to all Subcontractors and lower tier subcontractors engaged on any portion of the works associated with the Project where the CONTRACTOR has a prevailing influence and responsibility over the performance of the works.
2 DEFINITIONS
Barrier A physical fence or structure designed to prevent personnel and equipment access.
Barricade An obstruction, such as tape, rope, netting, flash units, or traffic cones, placed in such a way as to prohibit personnel and/or equipment passing into an area where hazards may be present.
EMPLOYER Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex project.
CONTRACTOR JGC/Chiyoda GS & SK Joint Venture
Metro Mesh A specialized impact resistant wire mesh
encapsulated in shade cloth
Prevailing Influence Condition when CONTRACTOR has control over an activity due to a contractual obligation, the activity occurring at a CONTRACTOR operational facility, and CONTRACTOR exerting a significant influence over the activity itself.
Risk Assessment The overall process of risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation.
Competent Person In relation to the doing of anything, means a person who has acquired through training, qualifications or experience, or a combination of those things, the knowledge and skills required to do that thing competently.
Responsible Person A competent individual trained in the execution of a process and who has responsibilities for an assigned area, facility, or specific project, as well as permitted work performed within that area. Examples include facility manager, operator or CONTRACTOR supervisor.
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 5 of 34 Site Location where the Plant is to be constructed and
the vicinity of thereof.
Subcontractor Any company to whom CONTRACTOR has
subcontractors any part of the works.
2.1 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Definition
ALARP As Low as Reasonably Practicable HSSE Health Safety Environment Security
HRA Hazard and Risk Assessment
JSA Job Safety Analysis
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
VOC Verification of Competency
WLL Working Load Limit
WMS Work Method Statement
3 REFERENCES
• All Scaffolding and related equipment will comply with relevant Vietnam Regulations.
Where there is an absence of technical information on standards the following shall be used as a guide
• AS/NZS 4576: 1995, Guidelines for Scaffolding orBS EN 12811-1:2003 and NASC TG:08.
4 RESPONSIBILITIES 4.1 CONTRACTOR
4.1.1 CONTRACTOR Project Manager
The CONTRACTOR Project Manager will be responsible for the implementation of this procedure and for the performance of the team working under his supervision to ensure:
A system is in place that ensures scaffolding equipments and components coming onto the site are approved and inspected prior to use.
The use of scaffold equipment and components including tools are appropriately managed across the site.
All site approved CONTRACTOR Management systems are applied.
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 6 of 34 That trained and competent scaffolders are provided.
4.1.2 CONTRACTOR Construction Manager
CONTRACTOR Construction Manager will ensure full compliance with the requirements of this document for construction areas under their direct control.
4.1.3 CONTRACTOR Site HSSE Manager
The CONTRACTORS Site HSSE Manager will: Audit and monitor compliance with this procedure.
Identify remedial corrective actions required to meet this procedure.
Review the reporting and investigation of all incidents involving the use of scaffolding equipment and components occurring on the site to ensure actions are identified to preclude a recurrence.
4.2 Subcontractors Responsibilities 4.2.1 Subcontractor Project Manager
Ensure control measures in accordance with this procedure are implemented for all work under his control.
Audit and monitor compliance with this procedure.
Ensure personnel are competent to perform their assigned role and provided with adequate training to perform their job scope.
4.2.2 Subcontractor Supervisors
Conduct regular workplace inspections and ensure compliance with this procedure. Conduct daily pre start meetings as required.
Verify the use; maintenance and storage of scaffold equipment and is in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and CONTRACTOR site requirements.
Verify that pre-start check sheets are being completed, and where required equipment is removed from service for all non-conforming items identified.
Arranging competency and verification of competency training for personnel.
4.2.3 Subcontractor Personnel
Comply with the requirements of this procedure, WMS and the JSA.
Conduct daily pre start inspections and periodic inspections in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and CONTRACTOR requirements.
Apply “Out of Service’ Scaff Tag if scaffolding is not safe/compliant and report any deficiencies to their supervisor.
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4.2.4 SUBCONTRACTOR Scaffold Supervisor
Coordination of scaffold works under their directions
Auditing of the scaffold inspection and control system for standard scaffolds Auditing the inspection of materials in storage areas
Providing safety training to end users on safe use of scaffolding onsite including checking that the inspection date is current and not beyond the 2 week validity.
5 SCAFFOLDING
It is the responsibility of the Subcontractor and the certificated scaffolder to ensure that all scaffolding work is carried out in a safe and efficient manner, adhering to the approved National standards and the requirements of this procedure. Certificated scaffolders shall carry their licence on their person at all times and be able to produce such licence on request.
5.1 General
5.2 Scaffold Related Terms and Definitions:
1) BASE PLATE – a metal plate with a spigot for distributing the load from a standard or raker or other load bearing tube.
2) BAY - the space between the centre lines of two adjacent standards along the face of a scaffold.
3) BRACE - a tube placed diagonally with respect to the vertical or horizontal members of a scaffold and fixed to them to afford stability.
4) BRACE COUPLER - a coupler used for fixing braces, which may be a right angle coupler or any other coupler capable of sustaining a safe working load of 5kN.
5) BRICK GUARD - a metal or other fender filling the gap between the guard-rail and toeboard, and sometimes incorporating one or both of these components.
6) CHECK COUPLER OR SAFETY COUPLER - a coupler added to a joint under load to give additional security to the coupler(s) carrying the load.
7) COMPETENT SCAFFOLDER - A trained, qualified, and skilled person with assigned duties to perform scaffold erections, alteration, dismantling, or staging in a safe manner. His tasks are performed under the supervision of a foreman scaffolder. A qualified scaffolder must have successfully completed an approved training course in this area.
8) COUPLER - a component used to fix scaffold tubes together.
9) FOREMAN SCAFFOLDER - A trained, qualified, and experienced person with assigned duties, but not limited to, the supervision of scaffold erections, alteration, dismantling, or staging in a safe manner. Forman scaffolder must have successfully completed an approved advanced training course in this area.
10) GUARDRAIL - a member incorporated in a structure to prevent the fall of a person from a platform or access way.
11) JOINT PIN - an expanding fitting placed in the bore of a tube to connect one tube to another coaxially.
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 8 of 34 12) LEDGER - a longitudinal tube normally fixed parallel to the face of a structure in the direction of the larger dimensions of the scaffold. It acts as a support for the putlogs and transoms and frequently for the tie tubes and ledger braces and is usually jointed to the adjacent standards. 13) LIFT - the assembly of ledgers and transoms forming each horizontal level of a scaffold. 14) PARALLEL COUPLER - a coupler used to join two tubes in parallel.
15) PUTLOG - a horizontal tube with a flattered end, to rest in or on part of the brickwork or structure.
16) PUTLOG COUPLER - a coupler used for fixing a putlog or transom to a ledger, or to connect a tube used only as a guard-rail to a standard.
17) REVEAL PIN - a fitting used for tightening a reveal tube between two opposite surfaces. 18) REVEAL TUBE - a tube fixed between two opposite surfaces by means of a threaded
(expanding) fitting or by placing it across an opening in a structure to form an anchor to which the scaffold may be tied.
19) RIGHT ANGLE COUPLER - a load-bearing coupler used to join tubes at right angles. 20) SCAFFOLD - a temporary structure, which provide access, or from which person work, or
which is used to support materials, plant or equipment.
21) SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR - an employee, who has been selected by the Area Manager and be trained officially on professional and practical scaffolding course mainly on "Scaffold
Inspection and Tagging System".
22) SCAFFTAG - is a simple means of indicating whether or not a scaffold is safe to use and at the same time provides various other information to help prevent overloading, etc.
23) SLEEVE COUPLER - an external coupler used to join one tube to another coaxially. 24) SOLE PLATE - a timber, concrete or metal spreader used to distribute the load from a
standard or base plate to the ground.
25) STANDARD - a vertical or near vertical tube, which carries the scaffold's weight and loads imposed to the supporting structure.
26) SWIVEL COUPLER - a coupler used for joining tubes at an angle other than a right angle. 27) TIE OR TIE ASSEMBLY - the components attached to an anchorage, or the structure, or
framed around a part of it, or wedged or screwed into it with a tie tube. Used to secure the scaffold to the structure.
28) TOEBOARD - an upstand at the edge of a platform, intended to prevent materials or operatives feet from slipping off the platform.
29) TRANSOM - a tube spanning across ledgers to form the support for boards or units forming the working platform, or to connect the outer standards to the inner standards.
30) UNIVERSAL COUPLER - a load-bearing coupler used for connecting two tubes together at right angles or in parallel.
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Figure 1 – Scaffold Terminology
5.2.1 Materials Standard
5.2.1.1
Steel Tubes and FittingsAll scaffolding must be manufactured to Japanese or Korean Standards ( JIS or KS ) or any equivalent (in case of unavailability of materials) and be erected in compliance with appropriate International Standards or relevant requirements of the Vietnamese Laws.
It should be noted that this standard has thinner wall thicknesses than British Standard scaffold and this fact must be taken into account when checking load calculations
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 10 of 34 Tubes shall be straight, free from cracks, splits, surface flaws and other defects. The ends of the tubes shall be cut clean and square.
All couplers and fittings shall be properly oiled and maintained. Nuts shall have a free running fit on their bolts. Bolts with worn or damaged threads shall be replaced.
Figure II – Scaffold Fittings
Figure III – Scaffold Fittings (Continuation)
SWIVEL COUPLER
JOINT PIN
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Figure IV – Scaffold Fittings (Continuation)
5.2.1.2 Aluminum Tubing
Aluminium tube shall not be mixed with steel tube or steel fittings due to different loading and the fact that steel fittings could crush aluminium tube. Aluminium tube shall not be used if bent more than 15mm in any 3m length. Aluminium tube shall not be straightened; the straight parts of the tube may be cut out and re-used, but the remainder shall be disposed of. Aluminium tube shall not be heated by welding or flame cutting etc.
Note: Aluminium tube, fittings and components should be discouraged in a location or plant where hydrocarbons are likely to be present as they are vulnerable in case of fire. Furthermore, aluminium, which is known to present an increased risk of sparking should not be used in Zone 1 hazardous areas, unless allowed under controlled PTW system.
BASE PLATE
RIGHT ANGLE COUPLER
ADJUSTABLE PLATE
UNIVERSAL COUPLER
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5.2.1.3 Scaffold Board
All scaffold boards shall comply with British Standard Specification No. BS 2482 or acceptable equivalent. Standard boards are nominally 225mm wide and 38 mm thick, but 50mm and 63mm are available.
Boards shall not be painted or treated in any way, which shall conceal defects in them. The ends of all scaffold boards shall be bound and protected by metal hoops. Boards shall not be split up more than 300mm from the end with the metal hoop fixed and shall not be decayed or warped by more than 12mm. The parts affected may be cut out to obtain shorter boards that shall also comply with BS 2482 or acceptable equivalent.
Scaffold boards must be supported by transoms as follows, 38 mm boards supported at a maximum of 1.2 meter intervals. 50 mm boards supported at a maximum of 2.5 meter intervals. 63 mm boards supported at a maximum of 3.25 meter intervals.
Boards should overhang their supporting transoms by a minimum of 50 mm and a maximum of 4 x the board thickness.
5.2.1.4 Standard Scaffold
Where sheets are to be added to a scaffold to afford protection to operatives or the work, the scaffold shall be specifically designed with consideration given to the wind forces to which it will be subjected.
When a temporary roof is to be fixed to the top of an access scaffold, the scaffold and its attachment shall be specifically designed.
5.2.1.5 Firm Foundation
All scaffolds shall be erected on a firm level and consolidated base. No excavation should be carried out near to any scaffolding supports.
Base plates (150 mm x 150 mm x 5 mm) shall be used below each standard on surfaces where there is the possibility of standards deforming the surface.
On surfaces which shall be penetrated by base plates which support standards, sole plates of timber shall be used beneath the base plates in order to achieve a greater distribution of the load. Sole plates shall be at least 35mm thick and 219 mm wide. The sole plate area beneath any one standard shall be at least 1000 cm2 but, if the ground is soft or has been disturbed, this area shall be increased to 1700cm2.
5.2.1.6 Jointed Standards and Ledgers
A mixture of longer and shorter tubes shall be used when constructing long ledgers or tall standards.
Joints in completed scaffolds shall not occur in adjacent standards in the same lift and joints in adjacent ledgers shall not occur in the same bay.
Joints in standards shall be made either with joint pins or with sleeve couplers, and shall be positioned near ledgers.
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 13 of 34 Joints in ledgers shall be made with sleeve couplers only and shall be positioned at a distance not more than one third of the span between adjacent standards. (Note: Joint pins are only designed for compression loading, so should not be used for joints in ledgers).
5.2.1.7 Fixing of Ledgers to Standard and Transoms, or Putlogs to Ledgers
Ledgers shall be fixed to standards with right angle couplers.
A transom shall be fixed adjacent to every standard (within 300 mm) in every lift of a scaffold by means of right angle couplers.
Intermediate board-bearing tubes may be fixed to ledgers by putlog couplers.
5.2.1.8 Bracing
Bracing shall be in the form of ledger or cross bracing and longitudinal or facade bracing.
Ledger bracing shall be positioned at alternative standards in a scaffold and each brace shall run form a ledger in one lift to the diagonally opposite ledger the lift above. (Note: Working lifts shall remain unimpeded, therefore no ledger bracing shall be installed on working lifts).
Longitudinal bracing shall be in the form of a zigzag arrangement of tubes running from the bottom to the top of the scaffold between a pair of adjacent standards.
Or
A continuous tube running from the bottom to the top of the scaffold at an angle of between 35 and 55 to the horizontal.
Or
Individual tubes running from the bottom to the top of the scaffold between a pair of adjacent standards, all sloping the same way.
Bracing assemblies shall be fixed along the face of the scaffold at intervals not exceeding 30m.
5.2.1.9 Stability
The prevention of inward and outward movement of a scaffold shall be achieved with ties to the facade at a number of points.
Only one tie shall be temporally removed and this shall be replaced before removing another. Ties shall be staggered in location wherever the building surface permits.
Tie working Loads
Box, Lip or Through ties : 6.25kN Reveal ties : 3.50kN
Drilled in anchor ties : 6.25kN or as recommended by manufacturer Each tie assembly for sheeted scaffolds shall have at least a 12.5kN capacity.
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 14 of 34 Be designed to the applicable International standards. Example - BS EN 12811-1:2003 is not a
scaffold design standard, it is a standard for scaffold boards) / Australian/New Zealand standards, AS/NZS 4576 and AS/NZS 1576, parts 1,2,3 or equivalent; Be constructed, modified, maintained and dismantled by persons who are holders of a certificate of competency to carry out scaffolding work;
All erected scaffolds shall be entered into the SUBCONTRACTORS scaffold register;
All scaffolds shall be provided with edge protection to prevent persons, tools and equipment from falling, consisting of a guard rail at a minimum of 950 mm from the scaffold deck, with a mid-rail positioned below the guard rail and above the kick board (toe board) to limit any gap to 470 mm. The kick board shall be a minimum height of 150 mm.
Employees shall, before accessing any scaffold, clean mud build-up from work boots to prevent slipping;
No person shall work on scaffolds if their physical condition is fatigued such that they feel dizzy or unsteady.
All scaffold components shall be stacked in stillages, on dunnage or in the case of clips in drums and other containers and located as close as possible to the erection site; (Note: drums containing scaffold clips shall not be lifted into required positions direct by crane. They shall only be lifted by crane when contained in a suitable lifting frame)
Barricading shall be erected around all areas of scaffolding erection to ensure no unauthorised personnel enter the area of ongoing scaffold erection;
Barricading in accordance with the site requirements shall be placed around all scaffolding storage areas;
Signage shall be posted at the access point that states “Keep Out, Scaffolding Erection / “Dismantling in Progress”.
The scaffold crews are responsible for maintaining good housekeeping practices in scaffold storage areas;
Scaffold equipment shall not be stacked or stored in access ways, base of stairs or ladders or stacked on handrails;
Scaffold equipment shall not be stacked in stillages, basket, drums etc, higher than 100mm from the top to prevent accidental dislodgement during lifting or transport;
All scaffold spanners used during erection, alteration or dismantling shall be fitted with a safety lanyard and attached to the scaffolder where possible to prevent falling to lower areas. (Note: only proprietary scaffold spanners will be used for installing / removing scaffold clips).
Scaffolding tools, components, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in quantities on scaffolds or overhead protection.
Scaffold clips on access ways and working platforms shall be fitted with “Scaffguard caps. Other protection devices may be used to prevent injury to personnel where scaffguard caps are not available if approved by CONTRACTOR Site HSSE Manager or designee;”
The footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be sound, rigid and capable of carrying the maximum intended load setting or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose bricks, or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds or planks;
Where scaffolds are to remain erected during the designated cyclone season, the Subcontractor shall design the scaffold to remain erected or provide a plan to the CONTRACTOR a minimum of one month prior to cyclone season on the action the
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 15 of 34 Subcontractor intends to implement to make the scaffolds safe during this period. The plan shall include the strategies proposed to ensure the scaffolds are not exposed to additional hazards (high wind, rain) whilst making the scaffold safe;
5.3 Planning
A WMS/JSA is to be prepared and provided to the CONTRACTOR prior to erection, detailing the scope of work, erection methodology and fall prevention/protection to be used.
The WMS/JSA discussion at the pre-start meeting should identify potential interface issues with other Subcontractors.
Step back 5 x 5 shall be undertaken by scaffolders each shift and when commencing new activities;
Work scopes for the day and individual duties shall be discussed at each mornings pre start meeting.
Scaffolders shall survey the work area for hazards before scaffold erection begins. Hazards such as loose earth, ditches, debris, high-tension wires, potential contact from overhead travelling cranes and other hazard conditions created by other trades or the work environment shall be included in the JSA’s with the control methods to mitigate these risks. Where the risks cannot be adequately controlled, the scaffold erection cannot commence;
In order to satisfy the requirements of personnel intending to work from the working platform, the scaffolder will need to calculate the maximum load likely to be placed on the platform, the area of the working platform necessary to carry out the work safely, comfortable positioning of safe access ladders and a comfortable working height for the platform;
Any hazards involved with the erection shall be identified at the planning stage and appropriate precautions taken;
Items such as, but not limited to, close proximity to live electrical equipment or interface problems with special consideration to accessibility to fire fighting equipment emergency exits and critical equipment shall be taken in consideration as applicable;.
5.4 Inspection and Tagging
Scaffolders shall inspect all scaffold components especially clips and aluminium stairways for damage before erecting, altering, repair and dismantling scaffolds or access towers. The use of any scaffolding that is damaged or defective in any way is unacceptable. Defective scaffolding including planks will be tagged out of service, returned to the scaffold yard and removed from site;
All scaffolds shall be inspected and tagged (Scafftag) by a certified Scaffolding Inspector and verified for compliance with site and statutory requirements prior to being put into service; Scaffold inspections shall be conducted at a minimum of a weekly interval for all scaffolds and
records of the inspections recorded on the Scafftag and the SUBCONTARCTORS scaffolding register. Register to include such items as;
Individual identification number or mark of the scaffold Any relevant design or specification reference
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 16 of 34 Location of the scaffold
The purpose for which the scaffold is provided The date and time of each inspection
Comments on each inspection
Name and signature of the person conduction the inspection
All scaffolds shall be inspected by a certificated Scaffolding Inspector following any adverse weather conditions (high winds, heavy rain) and/or where scaffold has been damaged by work activities and repairs made where necessary;
All scaffolds shall be fitted with a Scafftag which must be clearly marked with the scaffolds load capacity, date erected, erected by, inspection date, inspector etc;
Prior to commencing work on any scaffold, every employee shall visually inspect the scaffolding and Scafftag, and determine that hand rails, toe boards, decking and screens are in place and that the scaffold is safe to work on;
Where the scaffold is deemed unsafe, the scaffold is to be tagged out of service and the supervisor notified.
5.5 Erection Sequence
The Subcontractor scaffolding supervisor/foreman shall be responsible for ensuring that the sequence of erection complies with all requirements.
The Subcontractor shall ensure that the erection of the scaffold is in accordance with the final, accepted plan for that scaffold, and that any required deviation from the accepted scaffold plan/design shall be subject to a review
The scaffolding crew shall lift and lower gear and equipment in a safe manner using hands (passing boards / tubes hand to hand between scaffolders situated at different levels) winches or cranes or alternatively ropes, gin wheels, baskets, etc, in accordance with a risk assessment/JSA. The throwing of gear or dropping of anything from an elevated area is totally unacceptable and persons found to be undertaking these dangerous activities shall be subject to disciplinary actions in accordance with the site regulations.;
Scaffolders shall use approved means of access during the construction of scaffolding. Access by means of climbing a scaffold standard or using stars as foot holds is not permitted; During erection, scaffolders shall use minimum of two planks to stand on;
All scaffold platforms are to consist of closely laid secured planks. Formwork plywood shall not be used under any conditions as an integral part of a scaffold platform;
Wherever practicable, all scaffold spanners used during erection shall be fitted with safety lanyards and attached to the scaffolder during erection;
Scaffolding components shall be used only for the purpose for which they are intended; The mixing of proprietary scaffolding components that may create a hazard is not acceptable.
5.6 Access
Subcontractor shall ensure that approved access and egress is provided for scaffolders during erection, alteration or dismantling of scaffolds. The hierarchy of scaffold access is,
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 17 of 34 1. Staircase
2. Ladder Access Bays with single lift ladders 3. Ladder Access Bays with multiple lift ladders 4. Internal ladder access with a protected ladder trap 5. External ladder access using a safety gate
Overhead protection shall be provided for personnel on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards. Overhead protection shall be built as a minimum to the requirements of light duty scaffolding;
All ladder access whenever practicable shall be internal and shall not exceed 9 meters, i.e., there should be a landing or reversal platform at each 9 meter lift (ladders should be supported at an intermediate level/s within that 9m to reduce “bouncing effect” when ascending / descending ladders).
Where the only option is an external access, secondary means of fall protection shall be used, e.g., side rail on the ladder or fall arrester attached to the top of the staging, secured in a approved manner. Where side rails are to be used they are to be erected in an approved manner in accordance with the Subcontractor approved design;
Every ladder access to each scaffold work platform is to be provided with a self closing guard rail gate;
Every ladder shall extend one (1) meter above the landing or any other placed used as a landing;
Ladders extending more than one (1) meter above the landing shall be braced above or secured at the bottom to prevent tipping;
Subcontractor shall provide stairway access towers to all multi level scaffolds wherever practical. Where tower accesses are to be substituted for ladder access the Subcontractor shall submit a risk assessment to the CONTRACTOR Site HSSE Manager or designee for approval detailing the reasons why a tower access cannot be used and the benefits of a ladder access;
The Subcontractor shall ensure that where multi level scaffolds are erected, the accesses to each level shall be in close proximity to one another. Where the access from one area to another is separated by pipes, beams etc. the Subcontractor shall bridge these obstructions to ensure safe access at all times;
Ladders, kick boards and planks affixed to scaffold shall be secured with approved lashing or clips so as to avoid possible movement during use;
Where there is the potential for objects to fall from the scaffold it shall either be enclosed with wire mesh up to the mid-rail (or other CONTRACTOR approved material) or shall be suitably isolated by barriers to prevent unauthorised entry to the area below and adjacent to the scaffold.
5.7 Working Platforms
The minimum width of a working platform shall be no less than 675mm. The slope of the working platform shall not exceed 7 degrees;
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 18 of 34 board thickness. Form-ply is prohibited from use as any part of a platform or access way; Guard rails, mid rails and toe boards are fixed to all open edges of the working platform; All planks shall be closely laid. Where gaps are evident, these shall be covered with a
minimum of 20mm structural ply wood with bevelled edges to prevent tripping hazards. The plywood shall be secured to prevent displacement;
Planks are to be butt ended rather than over lapped. Working platforms shall be level and free of tripping hazards;
All planks forming part of the working platform shall be secured , lashed to their supports by 4mm wire / rope lashing;
Where coupler fitting bolts or tubes protrude into access ways or work platform, they shall be securely padded and taped or fitted with proprietary protective devices to prevent an injury; All work platforms shall be constructed in a manner that ensures all penetrations are covered and labelled in accordance with CONTRACTOR and legislative requirements and surrounded on all sides by guard-rails, mid-rails, screens/wire mesh (where required) and toe-boards.
5.8 Duty Live Loads
Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of the working load for which they are intended and as detailed on the attached scafftag;
The live load applied to a working platform shall be categorised by the following duty conditions:
_ Very Light duty, a load of 0.75 kN per square meter Light duty, a load of 1.5 kN per square meter General duty, a load of 2 kN per square meter Heavy duty, a load of 3 kN per square meter
- Scaffolds in excess of 3kN per square meter shall be engineering designed scaffolds 5.8.1 Personal Protective Equipment
The minimum general P.P.E. requirements to be worn by scaffolders shall consist of the following: Safety helmet
Safety glasses;
Steel capped safety footwear;
Long trousers and a long sleeved shirt / or coveralls. The following additional P.P.E. shall also be used: Gloves at all times when handling scaffold components;
Safety harness in accordance with the CONTRACTORS Procedure Working at Height Doc. No.: S-000-1654-0510V.
Where scaffolders are required to wear safety harnesses when working aloft, the Subcontractor shall have in place a rescue plan and rescue equipment approved by CONTRACTOR Site HSSE Manager or designee for the safe and efficient rescue of persons injured or suspended in a harness. No scaffolding work requiring the wearing of harness shall commence until an
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5.9 Engineer Designed Scaffolds
As a minimum the following standards shall require a certified engineer’s approval of the design before construction:
Free Standing Tower Scaffolds – where the height exceeds 3.5 x its least base width (when outdoors), 4 x its least base width (when indoors), or when the height exceeds 12 m.
Spur, Cantilevered and Drop Scaffolds
Heavy duty scaffolds with a load bearing capacity in excess of 3 kN per square meter. Suspended scaffold includes any structure supported from needles and includes
boatswain’s chair.
Suspended scaffolds shall be supplied with clear instructions about the safe configuration for erection and the intended use.
Copies of the drawings and engineer approval; shall be provided to the CONTRACTOR Site HSSE Manager or designee for review;
6.0 Scaffold Hoists
Each scaffolding hoist and protective device shall be fitted with a data plate that is permanently and legibly marked with details of correct use. Data plates for scaffolding hoists and protective devices should include:
Type; Model; Serial Number;
Name or identification mark of the manufacturer;
Details of steel wire rope to be used, including nominal diameter, grade and construction; Rated load of hoist;
Reeving requirements, where applicable;
Electrical equipment, where applicable, shall comply with the relevant legislative and project requirements.
Each type of cradle and boatswain chair shall be tested by a competent person. A copy of the test report shall be retained for the design life of the equipment.
5.10 Damaged Equipment
Any damaged scaffolding component shall be tagged “Out of Service”, removed from the work area to the designated scaffold storage area and reported to the scaffolding supervisor / foreman. Under no circumstances shall damaged or substandard scaffolding components be used at any time.
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5.11 Cutting Scaffolding Tubes
Where scaffold tubes are required to be cut, they shall be cut by means of drop saws or other abrasive cutting mediums (burr should be removed from the cut end). The cutting of tubes by the use of flame cutting (oxy/acetylene) is not acceptable.
5.12 NDT Work off Scaffolds
The Subcontractor’s (requesting NDT work) scaffolding supervisor is responsible for the inspection and approval of all scaffolds to be used for any night shift NDT work. These inspections shall include the provisioning of gin wheels for elevating and lowering NDT equipment safely and the installation of adequate lighting to safely access and perform the required tasks. An NDT CONTRACTOR representative shall meet with the Subcontractor (requesting NDT work) supervisor no later than 1500 hrs each day to inspect the scaffold, the lifting and lighting arrangements.
5.13 Completion Tags
All scaffolds shall be conspicuously fitted near the point of access with a Scafftag.
Where multiple access points are provided to a single scaffold each access point to the scaffold shall be fitted with a Scafftag.
The scaffolder shall fix the holder where it is easily seen and protected from damage (it should not be fitted on the access ladder, as ladders (with scafftag inadvertently remaining) may after dismantling of a scaffold be reused on other scaffolds with the scafftag still affixed, thus potentially providing incorrect information on the status of that scaffold). The Scaffolding Inspector, after completing a successful inspection of the scaffold shall fill out the Green Card and scaffolding register. The scaffold information shall be updated on the Scafftag,
Every 7 days
Whenever there is a modification of the scaffold After inspections following severe weather 5.14 Mobile Scaffolds
- The height of mobile scaffolds shall not exceed 3 x the minimum base width (when outdoors) and 3.5 x the minimum base width (when indoors), with an absolute maximum height of 9.6 meters.
- Proprietary aluminium mobile scaffolds shall not exceed the manufacturer’s recommended height to base ratios (Where manufacturer’s information is not available for any reason, the maximum height will not exceed 2 x the minimum base width).
- All mobile scaffolds shall have their wheels locked when stationary (persons using a mobile scaffold must, before accessing the scaffold, check that the wheels are in the locked position)
- All mobile scaffolds shall be fitted with access ladders secured on the inside of the narrowest section of the scaffold .
- Mobile scaffolds shall be tied off or secured to solid structures whenever practicable. No persons or materials shall remain on a scaffold that is being moved.
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 21 of 34 A mobile scaffold should only be moved by pushing / pulling at the lower level, no force should
be applied to the scaffold at a height from base greater than 1.5 meters (If necessary, taller mobile scaffolds should be partially dismantled to reduce their height and minimise the likelihood of overturning during moving).
Mobile scaffolds shall be used only on surfaces within 3 degrees of level, and free of pits, holes, and obstructions;
Wheels shall be securely pinned to the scaffold legs;
Wheels shall not be used in conjunction with screw jacks, unless they are a manufacturer’s approved device;
Platforms shall not extend outward beyond the base supports unless outrigger frames are installed to ensure stability;
All decks shall be fully boarded;
Load rating for the working platform shall not be exceeded.
Mobile scaffolds shall be fitted with plan bracing at the foot lift, at every second lift and below the working platform.
5.15 Welded Metal Frame Scaffolds
Frames and accessories for scaffolds shall be maintained in good condition and every defect or unsafe condition shall be corrected before further use. Any broken, bent, excessively rusted, or otherwise structurally damaged frames or accessories shall NOT be used. Defective material shall be returned to the scaffold yard immediately and tagged as defective.
Scaffolds shall be set on a solid foundation that can carry the maximum intended load: On solid concrete slabs, grid mesh, etc., base plates required;
On surfaces where there is a possibility of settling, additional support must be used under the base plates. The minimum support acceptable is scaffold planks or plywood of similar dimensions;
On uneven surfaces, screw jacks must be used to level the scaffold. They are not to exceed 300mm when extended.
All end frames (panels) shall be locked together vertically by pins.
Scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross bracing or diagonal braces, or both, for securing vertical members together laterally. The cross braces shall be of such length that will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid.
The frames shall be placed one on top of the other with coupling or stacking pins to provide vertical alignment of the legs.
Horizontal cross braces are to be used when the scaffold is higher than two complete sections. To provide good footing, two planks or manufactured steel decking should be kept below the section being erected. Scaffold boards shall be secured, even if they are used for a short period of time.
Ladder sections shall be installed as frame sections progress. All ladder sections must be well secured. Access to working platforms shall be by ladder, rigidly attached by the erecting crew.
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S-000-1654-0400V Page 22 of 34 All scaffold work platforms shall be equipped with guardrails, a mid rail, securely anchored toe boards, and be completely decked with manufactured aluminium scaffold decking, or standard wood planks and infill mesh panels or approved wire mesh.
Prior to starting work on a scaffold, every employee shall visually inspect the scaffold and scafftag and determine that handrails, toe boards, and decking and infill mesh panels/ wire mesh are in place and that the scaffold is safe to work on.
Where the scaffold is deemed unsafe, the scaffold is to be tagged out of service and the supervisor notified.
5.16 Aluminium Scaffolding
Where aluminium scaffolding is considered for use on site, Subcontractor are to provide a comprehensive WMS and Risk Assessment to the CONTRACTOR’S Site HSSE Manager or designee for review and approval a minimum of seven working days prior to the intended use of the scaffold.
No aluminium scaffold shall be erected or used unless approved by the CONTRACTOR Site HSSE Manager. Verification of approval shall be by the name and signature of the CONTRACTOR Site HSSE Manager or designee being provided on the WMS and marked as approved.
6 scaffold control management 6.1 Standards
Scaffolding supplied for the project is to comply with the appropriate International Standard.
6.2 Qualifications and Competency Assessment
Qualification and competency testing of employees involved in the erection, modification and dismantling of scaffolding is to be in accordance with employment and HSSE&S Training Program, Doc. No.: S-000-1654-0210V. In the absence of local/National Vietnam competencies, standards similar to the Australian Standard reference may be used.
Basic Scaffolder:
(1) The class of work is basic scaffolder.
(2) The unit of competency for this class is Perform basic scaffolding operations, in accredited course in scaffolding. AS 1576.1.
6.2.1 Intermediate Scaffolder:
(1) The class of work is intermediate scaffolder.
(2) The unit of competency for this class is Perform intermediate scaffolding operations, in accredited course in scaffolding. AS 1576.1
6.2.2 Advanced Scaffolder:
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accredited course in scaffolding. AS 1576.1
6.3 Risk Assessments
A risk assessment for all planned activities that require working at heights is to be conducted and should consider such factors as,
The hazards associated with the scope of work Fatigue (work environmental and social)
Team members physical and psychological capacity to safely undertake the scope of work Guarding or isolation requirements when in close proximity to mobile equipment and plant
including vehicles, overhead cranes, powerlines or conveyors; and Emergency rescue and recovery
Work in the vicinity of operating plant is to be controlled by the Permit to Work System.
6.4 Erection and Dismantling
Where practicable, the erection and dismantling of scaffolding is to be carried out using a sequential method that provides fall prevention for team members.
As a minimum the first 4 lifts (8m from ground/platform level) of a scaffold being erected and the last 4 lifts of a scaffold being dismantled are to be completed using a sequential erection/dismantling method.
Additional weights imposed by adopting a sequential erection/dismantling method are to be considered during the scaffold planning stage.
Where the sequential erection/dismantling method is impractical, a risk analysis is to be conducted to identify the most practical fall prevention method.
As a last resort fall arrest systems (full body harness, lanyard or inertia reel and anchor point) are to be provided where no other protection or prevention measure is practicable. Fall prevention is to be in accordance with the Working at Heights procedure, Doc. No.: S-000-1654-0510V.
6.5 Handover
The Scaffold Supervisor is responsible for ensuring the following before handover of the scaffold to the user:
Complies with any design drawing and/or specification for that particular scaffold Complies with the requirements of the standards
Is adequate for the purpose for which it is intended Is stable and in a safe condition
Has been thoroughly inspected and approved by a competent Scaffold Inspector.
Has a Scafftag attached at all access points to the scaffold as record of its construction and clearly indicates the scaffold is complete and ready for use.
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ATTACHMENT 3: INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD (COLUMN BOX TIE) 6.6 ATTACHMENT 4: INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD Scafftag Procedure
The Scafftag system, attachment 7, is to be used exclusively across the site to indicate and record the structural integrity, access and inspection of each scaffold.
Scaffold Under Construction - during construction the Foreman Scaffolder or Competent Scaffolder must fix Scafftag holders (STH) at approved access points to the scaffold, scafftag holder is to be placed in a visible location.
When the scaffold is incomplete or when the first section of scaffold has been erected, the Scafftag holder showing the international prohibition symbol and the script "DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD" will be showing (Refer to attachment 6). The information will apply to all personnel not involved in the scaffold construction. All the Scafftag holders and inserts should be weatherproof.
Construction Complete - When scaffold construction is complete the scaffold is inspected by a Scaffolding Inspector to ensure compliance with Statutory Legislation, Codes of Practice and Project Requirements. If satisfied with the condition of the scaffold the Scaffold Inspector
completes the Green Scafftag, the Scafftag is then placed in the Scafftag holder on the scaffold to indicate that the scaffold is SAFE FOR USE. The Scaffolding Inspector is also responsible for completing the Scaffold Register in respect of the same information on the Scafftag..
The Status Scafftag contains the following data (Refer to attachment 6):
? date erected, with name Competent Scaffolder; and initials of Forman Scaffolder;
? maximum loading in kN/m2 (See the table below for different types of scaffold and typical loads);
? date inspected, with name and initials of Scaffold Inspector;
Note: - All entries onto the tag shall be made with a permanent ink pen. All personnel, who come
in to contact with scaffolding, shall be trained in the use of the scaffold tagging system. It will be the Scaffold Inspector’s responsibility to enter the details and conditions of scaffolds inspected into a Scaffold Inspection Register. (Refer to attachment 7).
Where a scaffold is identified as damaged or defective the green Scafftag card is to be removed and reported to the Scaffolder or Supervisor in control of the scaffold.
Ongoing inspections will need to be carried out every seven days, after adverse weather, or after modification of the scaffold. On satisfactory inspection the Scaffolding Inspector will sign and date the reverse (yellow) side of the Scafftag and update the Scaffold Inspection Register accordingly.
If the scaffold is found unsafe at any time, the Green Scafftag is to be removed from the holder and replaced by the Prohibition Insert "DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD". The Scafftag will remains in that situation until satisfactory remedial works have been carried out and the scaffold is re-inspected and considered "SAFE TO USE", or until the scaffold is dismantled.
6.7 Inspection
Scaffolds are to be inspected weekly by a competent person and the Scafftag and Scaffold Register signed or updated accordingly. Daily inspections shall also be conducted to ensure scaffolds are suitable and safe for use by personnel prior to using them.
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6.8 Falling Objects
Where people are required to work or pass under a scaffold, scaffolds are to be provided with wire or synthetic mesh in fill between the toe board and top rail and secured in such a way as to be secure and strong enough to hold expected load requirements. Exclusion zone barricades and warning signs may be substituted for the wire mesh where appropriate.
6.9 Access
Entry and exit from ladders to the various platforms is to be via swing or drop gates unless a risk assessment identifies the risk of failure or fall through a gate is greater than the risk of injury whilst climbing under a fixed rail.
Joints are to be wrapped or otherwise shielded near access ways to prevent injury to passerby.
6.10 Register
A register is to be maintained of all scaffolding erected on site. Each scaffold is to be identified by a unique number and weekly inspections recorded against the relevant scaffold entry.
The register is to be available and accessible at all times.
7 ATTACHMENTS:
ATTACHEMENT 1: SEQUENTIAL ERECTION AND DISMANTLING GUIDELINES
ATTACHMENT 2: THROUGH TIE FOR INDEPEN
ATTACHMENT 5: LADDER ACCESS AND MOBILE TOWER SCAFFOLD ATTACHMMENT 6: EXAMPLE OF SCAFFTAG SYSTEM CARD AND HOLDER ATTACHMENT 7: SCAFFOLD REGISTER
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ATTACHEMENT 1: SEQUENTIAL ERECTION AND DISMANTLING GUIDELINES
Erection of 1st Lift Erection of Subsequent Lifts
From ground
1. Install transoms for first platform (2m) 2. Install intermediate work platform a. Fix ledgers at 1m above ground. b. Position 2 planks on ledgers to make 450mm platform. From finished platform
1. Install transoms for next platform (2m above). 2. Install intermediate work platform; a. Fix ledgers at 1.5m above lower platform b. Position 2 planks on ledgers to make 450mm platform
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From intermediate work platform
3. Fix ledgers for mid and top handrails 4. Fix access transoms 5. Remove intermediate platform Note: Intermediate platforms may be left in place for dismantling the scaffold or they may be removed. Where left in position the platform must be secured. The extra weight of the intermediate platform and additional
transoms, if left in place, is to be considered during the planning of the scaffold. From ground 6. Fit planks to transoms for platform above 7. Install access ladder From intermediate work platform
3. Fix ledgers for mid and top handrails for next lift 4. Fix access transoms 5. Remove intermediate platform Note: Intermediate platforms may be left in place for dismantling the scaffold or they may be removed. Where left in position the platform must be secured. The extra weight of the
intermediate platform and additional transoms, if left in place, is to be
considered during the planning of the scaffold. From finished platform 6. Fit planks to transoms for platform above Install access ladder From platform above
8. Cover access hole and secure ladder into position
From platform above 7. Cover access hole and secure ladder into position
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10. Install toe boards
gate around access
9. Install toe boards
Dismantling of Scaffold Dismantling of Last Lift
From platform to be dismantled
1 Remove toe boards 2 Remove bracing
and access gate 3 Cover access hole
and remove ladder fixing
From lower platform 4 Remove access ladder 5 Remove planks of lift above 6 Install intermediate work platform a Fix ledgers at 1.5m above lower platform b Position 2 planks on ledgers to make 450mm platform From intermediate work platform 7 Remove mid and
top handrail ledgers from lift above 8 Remove transoms From platform to be dismantled 1 Remove toe boards 2 Remove bracing and access gate 3 Cover access
hole and remove ladder fixing From ground 4 Remove access ladder 5 Remove planks from platform 6 Install intermediate work platform a Fix ledgers at 1m above ground b Position 2 planks on ledgers to make 450mm platform From intermediate work platform 7 Remove mid
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9 Remove
intermediate work platform
Repeat for subsequent lifts
and top handrail ledgers from lift above. 8 Remove transoms from lift above. Remove intermediate work platform
ATTACHMENT 2: THROUGH TIE FOR INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD
SECURED PACKING
LEDGER BRACING TIE FIXED WITH RIGHT-ANGLE
COUPLERS AND PLACED CLOSE TO THE WINDOW REVEAL
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ATTACHMENT 3: INDEPENDENT TIED SCAFFOLD (COLUMN BOX TIE)
ATTACHMENT 4: INDEPENDENT SCAFFOLD
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ATTACHMENT 7: SCAFFOLD REGISTER
SCAFFOLD REGISTER INSPECTION REGISTER
Location and description of scaffold, etc. and other plant or
equipment inspected
Date of Inspection
Result of inspection State whether in good order
Name and signature of person who made the
inspection Sec. 5.4 references ”Scaffold I.D.
number to be indicated in the Scaffold Register”. Need to add a column in the register to enable that.
Checklists at each inspection ensure that your scaffolding does not have these faults:
WEEK WEEK
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
FOOTING Soft and uneven STANDARD Not plumb
No base plate Joined at same height
No sole board Wrong spacing
Undermined Damage
LEDGERS Not level BRACING
(façade and ledger)
Some missing
Joint in same bays Loose
Loose Ledger
Damaged
COUPLINGS Damaged PUTLOGS &
TRANSOM
Wrongly spaced
No check couplers Loose
TIES Some missing
loose
Wrongly supported
Loose
BRIDLES Wrong space BOARDING Damaged board
Wrong coupling Trap board
Week support Incomplete
LADDERS Damaged Insufficient supports
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Length Loose