RNP Simulation Procedure&Simulation Result Summary for WC&EC0315

(1)

RNP Processes & Simulation

Summary for Northern Part of UAE

15th March 2004

(2)

Objectives of Radio Network Planning



_{RNP achieves balance among:}



_{Capacity: to support the predicted subscriber traffic with}

sufficiently low blocking and delay



_{Coverage: to ensure the availability of the service in the}

entire service area



_{Quality: tinking the capacity and the coverage and still}

provide the required Gos/QoS



_{Costs: to enable an economical network implementation}

and a controlled network expansion during the life cycle

of the network

(5)

What is New in

WCDMA



_{Multiservice environment}

―

― Bit rates Bit rates from 8 kbits/s from 8 kbits/s to 2 Mbit/s to 2 Mbit/s and and variable ratevariable rate ―

― Quality classesQuality classes

•• Different QoS requirementsDifferent QoS requirements

―

― Asymmetrical up and downlink trafficAsymmetrical up and downlink traffic 



_{Air Interface}

―

― Capacity and coverage coupled via interference marginCapacity and coverage coupled via interference margin ―

― Neighbor cells coupled Neighbor cells coupled via interferencevia interference ―

― Receiver performance depends onReceiver performance depends on

•• bit rate bit rate

•• environmentenvironment

―

(6)

What Is New in the RNP of WCDMA

 _{WCDMA system is interference-limited.}  _{Capacity vs. Coverage}

• Increasing system loading offers more capacity while increasing intra-cell interference and thus reduce coverage range (Application: Cell

breathing)

 _{Capacity vs. Quality}

• System capacity can be achieved by relaxing quality requirement for some connections (Application: Reduce BLER target value by outer-loop power control)

 _{Coverage vs. Quality}

• Coverage range can be expanded by relaxing quality requirement for some connections

(Application: Slow down data speed by AMRC or DCCC to accommodate large path loss)

Capacity

Quality Coverage

Interference

Dependency among Capacity, Coverage and Quality of WCDMA System

(7)

Planning Methodologies



_{There are basically two possible types of 3rd Generation}

planning methods

― Static Calculation

• A deterministic algorithm is used to analyse the performance of the network configured within the planning tool

• Repeating an analysis gives the same result

― Simulation

• Statistical processes and an iterative system status

calculation used to analyse the performance of the network configured within the planning tool

• Repeating an analysis may give different results



_{Some tools use a combination of methods or hybrid}

(8)



_{A statistical analysis of the network is used to derive design}

thresholds



_{In UMTS the following mechanisms must be accounted for:}

 _{Soft handover gain (typically ~5dB at the cell edge)}  _{Interference Margins (both intra cell and inter cell)}  _{Control and signalling overheads}

 _{Fading Margins (to achieve a given coverage probability)}  _{Special technique margins(Adaptive antenna, Transmit}

diversity, Mult User Detection…)

(9)

Simulation



_Simulation

_proved

_to

_be

_essential

_in

developing and deploying 3G

Systems

―

― Link Link Level Level SimulationSimulation

•• For physical layer algorithm For physical layer algorithm development and performance evaluationdevelopment and performance evaluation •• Its output for hardware&ASIC implementation and for higher levelIts output for hardware&ASIC implementation and for higher level

simulations simulations

•• Tools: COSSAP, SPWTools: COSSAP, SPW

―

― System Level SimulationSystem Level Simulation

•• For RRM algorithm development and RAN SystemFor RRM algorithm development and RAN System performance evaluation

performance evaluation

•• Its output for RRM Algorithm implementation and higher levelIts output for RRM Algorithm implementation and higher level simulation

simulation

•• Tools: OpeNetTools: OpeNet

―

― Network Level SimulationNetwork Level Simulation

•• For network volume prediction and network perfromanceFor network volume prediction and network perfromance evaluation

evaluation

•• analyse the performance of a ‘snapshot’ of the networkanalyse the performance of a ‘snapshot’ of the network •• Tools: Enterprise, AtollTools: Enterprise, Atoll

(10)

Simulation



_{There are two types of}

_simulations



_{Dynamic Simulations}

―

― Simulate UEs moving through the network in successiveSimulate UEs moving through the network in successive

timeslots timeslots

―

― Link level & System level simulations belong to dynamicLink level & System level simulations belong to dynamic

simulation simulation



_{Static Simulations}

―

― Analyse the performance of Analyse the performance of a ‘snapshot’ of the neta ‘snapshot’ of the networkwork ―

― A snapshot is an instance in A snapshot is an instance in time, with UEs itime, with UEs in statisticallyn statistically

determined places determined places

―

(11)

Static Simulations



_{One or more snapshots of the network are taken}



_{In each snapshot a mobile or terminal list is generated}



_{Various failure mechanisms are typically considered}



 _{maximum mobile power}_{maximum mobile power}



 _{maximum Node B power reached}_{maximum Node B power reached}



 _{no available channels}_{no available channels}



 _{low pilot Ec/Io}_{low pilot Ec/Io}



 _{uplink/downlink interference}_{uplink/downlink interference} 



_{The performance of the network is then analysed from}

the results of the snapshots carried out

(12)

Monte Carlo Simulations



 _{Monte Carlo Simulation is a simulation Method in Noisy}_{Monte Carlo Simulation is a simulation Method in Noisy}

Environment. Environment.



 _{It relies upon a large}_{It relies upon a} _{large number of statistically independent}_{number of statistically independent}

snapshots snapshots



 _{The mean performance of the network over these}_{The mean performance of the network over these}

snapshots is then determined snapshots is then determined



 _{The number of snapshots needed depends on the}_{The number of snapshots needed depends on the}

performance to be simulated, the smaller the probability, performance to be simulated, the smaller the probability, the more snapshots needed

(13)

(14)

(15)

Monte Carlo Simulation

1000 iteration 1

iteration 10 iteration 100 iteration

(16)

Dynamic Simulations



_{Dynamic simulations look at mobiles moving through the}

network



_{A mobile list is generated and solved for the first timeslot}



_{The simulation may consider time to be split into:}

 _{Sample, chip periods: Link level simulation}

 _{bit periods: used for particular algorithm development}

(Coding, Decoding)

 _{timeslots (SNR considered): System level simulation}



_{Successive timeslots are then simulated dependant upon}

(17)

Comparison of methods

Static Analysis Static Simulation

Dynamic Simulation Accuracy Not very – particularly

with global margins (IS-95 experience)

Reasonable – but doesn’t deal with the dynamic network performance

Probably quite high -assuming no bad assumptions are made to speed it up Complexity Relatively straightforward to use once configured More difficult to configure and more complicated results.

Difficult to judge results.

Time Taken Shortest – as ‘quick’ as for GSM

Moderate –

depending on number of terminals and cells

Extremely long if multiple runs performed for statistical validity

(18)

Radio Network Planning Flowchart

Network Dimensioning •Link Budget •Capacity Analysis •Simulation •RNP Tools Nominal Planning RF Engineering Detailed Planning Site Construction Preparation Phase

(20)

Preparation Phase



_{In the preparation phase, prerequisites of}

network planning are defined:

―

Coverage & capacity objectives

―

Selection of network planning strategies

• What Strategies

―

Initial design and operation parameters

• Geographical information

• Forecast of service distribution & traffic density

• GoS/QoS requirements

(21)

Network Dimensioning



_{Network dimensioning is carried out in the beginning of a}

project. It results in:

― First and most rapid evaluation of the network

elements count and capacity of these elements.

― Offered traffic estimation.

― Joint capacity-coverage estimation. 

_Activities

― Link budget and coverage analysis ― Capacity estimation

― Estimation of the BS hardware and sites, RNCs and

equipment at different interfaces. Estimation of Iur, Iub, Iu transmission capacities.

(22)

Network Dimensioning

 _{System Constrains} ― Spectrum available ― Target Area to coverage  _Traffic ― Traffic type ― Traffic model ― Traffic distribution ― Forecast of growth

 _{GoS & QoS}

― Coverage probability

― Blocking rate

― Delay & Delay

Variance  _{Scale of network} ― Number of sites  _{Site configuration} ― Sectorisation ― Carrier number  _Cost

― Cost of Node B &

RNC equipment

(23)

Assumptions for Network Dimensioning

 _{The planning area is covered with a hexagonal grid for each}

morphology.

 _{For roads, there is no hexagonal grid, takes into account cells face to}

face. Usually the length of the roads is divided by twice the cell range to find the required number of cells.

 _{The cell range is defined for each morphology or for the roads by the}

link budget of the limiting service in this morphology

 _{The different morphologies generally considered are dense urban,}

urban, suburban and rural.

 _{No tuned propagation model available in this phase, the standard}

propagation model of COST231-Hata is generally used.

(24)

Network Dimensioning-Coverage&Capacity Est.



_{Simple coverage estimation}

― Link budgets are used to calculate maximal path losses.

― Path loss is converted into cell range for different environments. ― Cell ranges are used to estimate typical site coverage areas.

― Estimate the average site coverage area for each environment.



_{Simple capacity estimation}

― Given an estimate of the traffic profile per subscriber we can calculate the offered traffic per km2 _{in each type of environment} ― Given the capacity of a cell we can estimate the average sites in

(25)

Network Dimensioning

(26)

Dimensioning for UMTS



_{The coverage and capacity relationship in UMTS is very}

close



_{Typically spreadsheet dimensioning tools for UMTS take a}

combined iterative approach:

 _{The range of a cell is calculated from a link budget}

containing an interference margin

 _{The area covered by one cell is then calculated from the}

range

 _{The traffic is then calculated from the area and subscriber}

density

 _{The loading of the cell is then calculated from the captured}

traffic

 _{And then the link budget is recalculated from the new}

loading

(27)

Network Dimensioning

DU ??km^2 U ?? km^2 SU ??km^2 RA ??km^2 HW ??km 覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆 Geographical information DU km2 U km2 SU km2 RA km2 HW km Adjust Service-specific Information Service Type, Proportion Service Density Service Forecast 覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆下行负负覆覆覆覆覆覆 UL loading Downwards 覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆 UL cell range with specific UL loading DL Loading in specific circumstances Y COST231-HATA,... 覆覆 Cell Range 覆覆覆覆覆覆 Propagation Model COST231-HATA, ...

If the upper limit be reached

Larger than (Capacity-limited) Less than (Coverage-limited)

Shrink the Cell

Cell Loading vs.

Maximum Allowable Value N

Add the amount of configuration (sectorization, carriers,...) Equal to Cell Range Number of Site 覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆覆 of configuration 覆覆覆覆 SiteConfiguration

(28)

Nominal Planning



_{A nominal plan is initially a hypothetical wireless network}

and a starting point for the cell rollout process.



_{Information of theoretical}

sites is presented in the

nominal plan, including

following specifications:

― Site coordinates

― Antenna height above ground: this specification requires the knowledge of the average clutter height in each

morphology

― Antenna azimuths and tilts

(29)

Nominal Planning



_{Site location and cell configurations like azimuth and tilt of}

antenna are adjusted to fulfill the requirements on

coverage.

(30)

Nominal Planning



_{Constraints on nominal planning:}

― Performance objectives

• The definition of the target zones

– Residential zones – Business zones

– Mix business/residential zones – Busy roads, avenues, highways

– Harbor, Airport, other zones with high traffic – Etc…

• For each target zone

– Priority & schedule for deployment – Expected traffic and service distribution

– Type of coverage per zone: outdoor, in car, indoor window, deep indoor, etc…

– Type of service per zone: voice, 64 UDD U/L and D/L, etc… – QoS

(31)

Nominal Planning

― Antenna Height, which is needed in the dimensioning phase and must be refined for the pre-engineering

Note that the antenna height above ground are only given as example. They depend on the morphology and link budget.

(32)

RF Engineering



_{For each theoretical site, a physical site will be acquired in}

this phase through following steps:



_{Probably best to use:}

 _{Static analysis for initial candidate shortlisting}  _{Static Simulation over a small area for final}

candidate selection

 _{Static Simulation over a large area for final validation}

Define search areas

Site selection Identify site options

(33)

RF Engineering: Define search areas

―

The sites in a nominal plan are only imaginary.

―

To become a real network, physical sites are required.

―

A suitable physical site must be found for each nominal

site.

―

A suitable physical site must amongst other things

:

 _{Give adequate radio coverage.}

 _{Have connectivity into the transmission network.}  _{Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the}

local community.

 _{Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative}

owner.

―

A survey of each nominal site is normally carried out to

identify possible site options which meet the above

criteria.

(34)

RF Engineering-Define search areas

― Guidelines have to be given to the surveyor so the options give appropriate radio coverage.

― The guideline is given in the form of a search area. Could be:

• Radius from the nominal site.

• One or more polygons following height contours.

(35)

RF Engineering: Site selection

―

Radio coverage and

interference ranking

• Static analysis by the help of RF tool or relevant

function in RNP tools

―

Deployment ranking

• Site sharing

• Room for equipment

• Power supply & transmission line

• Etc …

―

Nominate a preferred

option and possibly a

backup option.

A3rd

D1st

C2nd

(36)

RF Engineering: Site acquisition

―

Run more than one site simultaneously.

―

Negotiate with site owners.

―

Prepare drawings.

―

Draw up leases.

―

Apply for planning permissions.

―

As soon as one option is ready to proceed

• Sign the lease

• Abandon the alternative

(37)

Detailed Planning



_{By approaching a practical operation environment for}

radio network, more accuracy is achieved in the

simulation in this phase.



_{The process of detailed planning involves repeated static}

analysis, static simulations by simulators based on:

― Digital map

― Tuned propagation model

― Site coordinates and parameters ― Node B parameters

― Cell parameters

― Service & traffic distribution

― Call admission and radio resource management

(38)

Detailed Planning

(39)

(40)

Parameter Classification



_{Quite a lot of parameters need to be set during}

simulation



_{Classified into three types}

 _{Traffic&Service Parameters}

 _{Equipment (BS, UE) Parameters}

(42)

Traffic&Service Parameters



_{Specified by Etisalat}



_{Radio Access Bearers Supported}

― UL(kbps): CS12.2, CS64, PS64

― DL(kbps): CS12.2, CS64, PS64, PS128, PS384



_{Composite service supported(UL,kbps/DL,kbps)}

― CS(kbps):12.2/12.2k, 64/64

― PS(kbps):64/64, 64/128, 64/384

(43)

Required Service Throughput



_{Activity factor Assumed : 0.67 for Speech and 1 for CS 64kbps}

Service

Traffic/User (DL)

Traffic/User (UL)

Voice

12.2 0.0500

0.0500

CS64

0.0055

PS64/64

70KB/H

30KB/H

PS64/128

140KB/H

60KB/H

(44)

Traffic Related Parameters

Parameter

DL Erlang(Erl)

Gos

Best

Effort

Retransmission ratio

1%(5% suggested)

Service Peak to Average

Factor

1.4 Activity

Factor

0.7

Relation between throughput and Traffic:

cgtor ActivityFa * rvice onRateofSe Transmissi * 3600 ratio ktoAverage TrafficPea * ) sionRate Retransmis 1 ( * 8 * + = Thouthput ubscriber ErlangPerS

(45)

Traffic per Subscriber

Service

Activity

Factor

UL

Erlang(Erl)

DL

Erlang(Erl)

Voice

0.67 0.0500

0.0500

CS64

1 0.0055

0.0055

PS64/64

0.7 0.0021

0.0049

PS64/128

0.7 0.0042

0.0049

PS64/384

0.7 0.0063

0.0033

(46)

Traffic Density



_{Number of subscribers}

― Total Number of Subscribers accommodated in network is

decided by number of sites, propagation condition, and QOS requirements

― Active Subscribers determined by total Number of

Subscribers and the traffic of each subscriber



_{Subscriber distribution}

― Subscribers distributed into polygons based on number of

sites;

(47)

Traffic Density



_{In WCDMA, AMRC (Adaptive multi-Rate Control)}

for voice and DCCC( Dynamic Channel

Configuration Control) for packet service make

traffic modeling even more complex

― In the simulation, AMRC and DCCC not

considered



_{Activity factor}

― While the subscriber is inactive during a call, less

power is required and less interference is caused. That is, the subscriber release some of resource.

(48)

Traffic Density :Total Number of Subscribers

City Number of Sites Total Number of

Subscribers

Sharjah&Ajman 27 22000

UMM ₂ ₂₃₂₀

Ras al Khammah 7 7700

(49)

Traffic Density (Number of Active Subscribers)

City Voice CS 64 PS64/64 PS128/64 PS384/64 Shj&Ajm 1100 120 108 108 72 UMM 116 13 11 11 8 Ras al Khammah 385 42 38 38 25 Fujeirah 290 32 28 28 19

Number of Active subscribers derived from total number of subscribers and the traffic of each one, and is finally used in simulation

(50)

Traffic User Density among Clutters

Clutter type %in Building Weight Normalized weight

Blockbuildings 90 150 22.22 Openinurban 80 120 17.78 Residential 90 100 14.81 Denseurban 80 100 14.81 Meanurban 70 100 14.81 Industrial 80 50 7.41 Village 70 10 1.48 Rural 70 10 1.48 Parks 0 10 1.48 Open 0 10 1.48 Sea 0 5 0.74 Inlandwater 0 5 0.74 Forest 0 5 0.74

(51)

BS&UE Parameters



_{UE Parameters related to performance are needed in}

simulation



_{UE is supposed to support all types of service predefined}



_{BS parameters related performance are needeed in}

simulation



_{BS hardware resources are considered in terms of channel}

elements



_{System configuration will affect the performance, such as}

diversity, Sectorisation, Power Control Mode.

Beside hardware resource, all parameters related to link loss budget in given capacity situations.

(52)

UE Parameters

Terminal Voice Other Services

Max Mobile Power (dBm) 21 24 TX Dynamic Range (dB) 70 70 Required Pilot Ec/Io (dB) -15 -13 Power Ctl. Step Size (dB) 1 1

Antenna Gain (dBi) 0 0

Body Loss (dB) 3 0

Noise Figure (dB) 7 7

 _{According to 3GPP TS 25.101, four classes of output power are}

specified for UE: 21dBm; 24dBm; 27dBm; 33dBm

(53)

BS Hardware Resource

NodeB in 3-sector configuration is applied in simulation

Max Number of Primary

Channels

384 for three sectors

Number of Channel

Elements

307 for three sectors

Max Number of

Handover Channel

Elements

77 for three sectors

Max Power per User

(dBm)

33 for voice and 36 for

other service

(54)

Cell Parameters

UTMS CELL Parameters

Noise Rise Limit (dB) 6

Orthogonality factor 0.55

Pilot Power (dBm) 33

Max TX Power (dBm) 43

Pri Cmn Channel Power (dBm) 31 Sec Cmn Channel Power (dBm) 31 Pri Sync Channel Power (dBm) 28 Sec Sync Channel Power (dBm) 28 Soft Handover Window (dB) 5

Noise Figure 3

(55)

Demodulation Performance

Bearers Qos(BLER) UL Eb/No DL Eb/No

CS12.2k _1% _2.85 _7.16

CS 64k _0.2% _1.2 _4.36

PS 64k _5% _0.84 _4.08

PS 128k _5% _0.14 _3.48

(56)

Antenna Parameters

_{Sectorization: 3-sector configuration}

_{Four types of antenna used in northern part} Antenna Gain (dB) Horizontal Beam Width Vertical Beam Width GB 5162100 ₁₆ _66.5 5.5 GB 5165100 ₁₇ _64.5 6.5 TG D3 _16.8 _65.5 ₅ MG D3 _15.8 ₆₁ 5.5

(57)

Diversity



_{Diversity mode}

― Uplink receive diversity used in simulation

• two-antenna Diversity

• Rake Receiver & maximum Ratio Combining • Macro Diversity

― Downlink receive diversity used in simulation

• Rake Receiver & maximum Ratio Combining • Macro Diversity

― Transmit diversity: not used in simulation

• TSTD (Time Switched Transmit Diversity) • STTD (Space time Transmit Diversity) • Closedloop transmit diversity

(58)

TMA&Cable



_{Tower mounted amplifier (TMA) not used in simulation}

― TMA can compensate for cable loss in uplink, thus improve

uplink coverage

― TMA causes attenuation to Downlink transmit Power, thus

decrease downlink coverage and capacity.

― Nominal Insertion loss is 0.5dB, connector loss is 0.2dB;

Nominal gain is 12dB.



_Cable

― 7/8 inch type is assumed in simulation ― Nominal loss : 6dB/100meters

― Length: Site height+5meters _{TMA only suitable to}

uplink coverage limited situation

(59)

Propagation: Morphology Information

― Generally, there are 5 types of planning area:

• Dense Urban • Urban

• Suburban • Rural Area • Highway

― The type of area impacts:

• Mean penetration loss

• Standard deviation of slow fading • path loss

― Propagation properties should be modeled for simulation, or

(60)

Channel model

―

The channel model defines the number of signal

path, relative path losses and delay variances to

abstract the wireless channel.

―

According to specifications of 3GPP R4

TR25.943 V4.0.0, typical channel models are

used as followings:

• Static: no multipath (line-of-sight)

• TU3: typical urban area, pedestrian, 3km/h • TU50: typical urban area, vehicle, 50km/h • TU120: typical urban area, vehicle, 120km/h • RA120: rural area, vehicle, 120km/h

• RA250: rural area, vehicle, 250km/h • HT120: hilly terrain, vehicle, 120km/h

(61)

Channel model (Ctn.)

―

Values of parameters varies with the channel in

the wireless environment. The variances are

acquired generally by the link simulation.

_{Link performance: required Eb/No in both ends} of the channel

_{Downlink interference margin: due to the} variance of orthogonal factor in different channel environments

_{Fast fading margin (Power control headroom):} due to different link performance

_{Soft handover gain over fast fading margin: due} to different link performance

(62)

Scenario of Link Budget

负 Receiver Sensitivity

负 P_{DCH_Max}

负 Minimum Required Signal Strength

负 EiRP

负 P_{UE_Max} •Slow Fading Margin

• Penetration Loss TX RX Duplexer    Antenna UE PL_DL PL_UL • Body Loss • Interference Margin • Fast Fading Margin • Margin for Background Noise TX RX Duplexer    Cable Antenna Node B • Interference Margin • Fast Fading Margin • Margin for

Background Noise

Soft Handover Area

(63)

Propagation Model :COST231-Hata

[

_b

]

_m m b

C

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55 .

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(

)

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log(

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= m C

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= m

C

For Medium sized city and suburban centers withmoderate tree density For metropolitan centers

Frequency f 1500-2000MHz Base Station Height Hb 30-200m

Mobile Height Hm 1-10m Distance d 1-20km

COST231-Hata model applied to large and small

(64)

Propagation Model: Asset Standard Macro Model

Asset Standard Macro Model is the general type of COST-231-Hata for calibration

clutter diff eff eff ms ms

L

K

d

H

K

H

K

H

K

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d

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d

Lp

+ + + + + + + =

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log(

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)

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log(

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log(

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log(

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(

(65)

Carrier Wave (CW) Measurements

_{CW measurements are accurate}

radio measurements used to calibrate propagation models.

_{A number of temporary test sites}

are used for the test transmissions.

_{Signal strength measurements}

and GPS fixes are made along predefined routes.

_{These measurements must be}

averaged before they can be used for model calibration.

(66)

CW Test Sites

_{A typical network would require 4 different propagation models}

eg.

― Dense Urban ― Urban

― Suburban ― Rural

_{The test sites used for propagation modeling should:}

― Be representative of typical cellular sites. ― Should be free of obstacles.

_{Sufficient measurements must be made in each clutter type for}

the model to be valid.

_{Typically the distances driven for each site would be in the order}

of

― 80km per urban test site. ― 160km per rural test site.

(67)

CW Measurement

_{Carrier wave measurements are}

made from test transmitters.

_{The measurements are plotted}

vs. log(distance).

_{A straight line is fitted through}

the data.

_{A basic y=mx +c formula can be}

used to estimate path loss.

_{The formula can be modified to}

account for other factors eg. Tx height, Rx height & terrain

effects.

(68)

Referent Model: Cost231-Hata at 2GHz

Model K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 Dense Urban 165.55 44.90 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Urban 162.55 44.90 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Suburban 150.28 44.90 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Rural(Qu asi-open) 135.04 44.90 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Rural (open) 130.04 44.90 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0

Correction factors given in Okumura-Hata Model are used for Suburban and Rural

(69)

Coverage & Capacity Objectives

_{Coverage Area: Totally 254.16 Sq. Km. 2 sites in}

East Coast not considered

覆 Sharjah Ajman UMM Ras Khammah Fujeirah

Number of sites

Dense Urban Urban

Total (sq.km.)

_{Coverage Reliability: Area Coverage Probability no less than}

95% for voice service

4 2 0

2 2

(71)

Coverage & Capacity Objectives (ctn)

_{Traffic density: Active Users for each}

Service determined by number of sites

City Voice CS 64 PS64/64 PS128/6 4 PS384/6 4 Shj&Ajm 1100 120 108 108 72 UMM 116 13 11 11 8 Ras al Khammah 385 42 38 38 25 Fujeirah 290 32 28 28 19

(72)

(73)

Propagation Model: Tuned Results

Model K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 Dense Urban(Shj) 151.8 4 59.90 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Dense Urban(Ajm ) 148.8 4 59.90 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Urban 139.7 4 53.11 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Suburban 132.9₁ 53.64 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Rural 126.0 0 48.75 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0 Korfukan 144.3₁ 54.92 -2.93 0 -13.82 -6.55 0

 _{Model for Korfukan is inaccurate due to out-of-date digital}

(74)

Propagation Model: Comparson

Model Tuned Cost 231-Hata

K1 K2 K3 K4 Dense Urban 151.8 4 59.90 165.55 44.90 Urban 139.7₄ 53.11 162.55 44.90 Suburban 132.9₁ 53.64 150.28 44.90 Rural 126.0 0 48.75 130.04 44.90

 _{Constant values of K1 are less than that of standard model,}

caused mainly by Clutter definations

 _{Slope values of K2 are larger than that of standard model.}

(75)

Clutter Offset

Clutter Type Offset (dB) Open 0 Sea -1 Inlandwater -1 meanUrban 0 Forest 15 BlockBuilding 7 rural -0.9

(76)

Composite Simulation Results

Coverage Probability CS 12/ 12kbps CS 64/ 64kbps PS 64/ 64kbps PS 64/ 128kbps PS 64/ 384kbps Shj&Ajm 92.59% 87.35% 82.4% 67.83% 36.53% UMM 95.24% 92.05% 85.30% 66.36% 34.72% Ras al Khammah 95.68% 88.98% 83.28% 67.36% 38.51% Fujeirah 93.93% 88.63% 76.82% 65.29% 30.99%

(77)

(78)

Simulation Result Analysis



_{Coverage Probability near target value of}

95% for 12.2K Service.



_{UMM contains 2 sites, less interference to}

each other, hence get good performance.



_{Put less users per site in Ras al Khammah}

than in UMM, performance is acceptable.



_{Due to propagation condition, network in}

(79)

Engineering Parameter Optimization

 _{Azimuth and tilt are key parameters to determine the}

intercell interference, coverage, and hence capacity

 _{The optimal Tilts related to Ant. Height and cell radius.}  _{The optimization of azimuths and Tilts: Best Pilot Strength}

in Serving area;

 _{In suburban, rural and the boundary of network, coverage}

capability needs to be considered.

 _{Optimization of azimuth needs to consider Operator's}

experience and knowledge: traffic distribution and nearby obstacles

Please refer simulation documents for detailed adjustments

(80)

Simulation Results after Adjustment

(81)

Improvement through Adjustment

(82)

Further Considering

 _{Downtilts affect coverage, capacity, handover region and}

pilot pollution, so downtilt adjustments are strongly recommended.

 _{Polygon definition affects azimuth adjustment. Coverage}

should be considered in initial stage. The suggestion can only be taken as a reference.

 _{Sites with big antenna height are expected to adjust with}

priority.

 _{Omni-sites need to be replaced in time, because they}

severely interfere neighbors.

 _{The engineering parameters are expected to keep}

up-to-date during adjustment

RNP simulation can only model the real network to some accuracy, detail suggestions will be available after first round radio network optimization

RNP Simulation Procedure&Simulation Result Summary for WC&EC0315

RNP Processes & Simulation

RNP Processes & Simulation

Summary for Northern Part of UAE

Summary for Northern Part of UAE

15th March 2004

15th March 2004

Contents

Contents

Contents

Contents

Objectives of Radio Network Planning

Objectives of Radio Network Planning





RNP achieves balance among:

RNP achieves balance among:

Capacity: to support the predicted subscriber traffic with

Capacity: to support the predicted subscriber traffic with

sufficiently low blocking and delay

sufficiently low blocking and delay

Coverage: to ensure the availability of the service in the

Coverage: to ensure the availability of the service in the

entire service area

entire service area

Quality: tinking the capacity and the coverage and still

Quality: tinking the capacity and the coverage and still

provide the required Gos/QoS

provide the required Gos/QoS

Costs: to enable an economical network implementation

Costs: to enable an economical network implementation

and a controlled network expansion during the life cycle

and a controlled network expansion during the life cycle

of the network

What is New in

What is New in

WCDMA

WCDMA

Multiservice environment

Multiservice environment

Air Interface

Air Interface

What Is New in the RNP of WCDMA

Interference

Planning Methodologies

There are basically two possible types of 3rd Generation

planning methods

Some tools use a combination of methods or hybrid

A statistical analysis of the network is used to derive design

thresholds

In UMTS the following mechanisms must be accounted for:

Simulation

Simulation

Simulation

Simulation

proved

proved

to

to

be

be

essential

essential

in

in

developing and deploying 3G

developing and deploying 3G

Systems

Systems

Simulation

Simulation

There are two types of

There are two types of

simulations

simulations

Dynamic Simulations

Dynamic Simulations

Static Simulations

Static Simulations

Static Simulations

_{RNP achieves balance among:}

_{RNP achieves balance among:}

_{Capacity: to support the predicted subscriber traffic with}

_{Capacity: to support the predicted subscriber traffic with}

_{Coverage: to ensure the availability of the service in the}

_{Coverage: to ensure the availability of the service in the}

_{Quality: tinking the capacity and the coverage and still}

_{Quality: tinking the capacity and the coverage and still}

_{Costs: to enable an economical network implementation}

_{Costs: to enable an economical network implementation}

_{Multiservice environment}

_{Multiservice environment}

_{Air Interface}

_{Air Interface}

_{There are basically two possible types of 3rd Generation}

_{Some tools use a combination of methods or hybrid}

_{A statistical analysis of the network is used to derive design}

_{In UMTS the following mechanisms must be accounted for:}

_Simulation

_Simulation

_proved

_proved

_to

_to

_be

_be

_essential

_essential

_in

_in

_{There are two types of}

_{There are two types of}

_simulations

_simulations

_{Dynamic Simulations}

_{Dynamic Simulations}

_{Static Simulations}

_{Static Simulations}

_{One or more snapshots of the network are taken}

_{One or more snapshots of the network are taken}

_{In each snapshot a mobile or terminal list is generated}

_{In each snapshot a mobile or terminal list is generated}

_{Various failure mechanisms are typically considered}

_{Various failure mechanisms are typically considered}

_{The performance of the network is then analysed from}

_{The performance of the network is then analysed from}

_{Dynamic simulations look at mobiles moving through the}

_{A mobile list is generated and solved for the first timeslot}

_{The simulation may consider time to be split into:}

_{Successive timeslots are then simulated dependant upon}

_{In the preparation phase, prerequisites of}

_{Network dimensioning is carried out in the beginning of a}

_Activities

_{Simple coverage estimation}

_{Simple capacity estimation}

_{The coverage and capacity relationship in UMTS is very}

_{Typically spreadsheet dimensioning tools for UMTS take a}

_{A nominal plan is initially a hypothetical wireless network}

_{Information of theoretical}

_{Site location and cell configurations like azimuth and tilt of}

_{Constraints on nominal planning:}

_{For each theoretical site, a physical site will be acquired in}

_{Probably best to use:}