Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Petroleum Engineering
Summer Course 2015
Wellhead Design &
Completions
Clemens Langbauer
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Well Structure / Wellhead Design
sunryoil.com/wellhead_xmas.html
Christmas Tree
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Well Structure
Marine conductor Conductor casing Intermediate casing/ Production casing Production linerProduction liner wt. extension Casing Shoe
Liner hanger with LH packer
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook: Drilling Engineering
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Bit / Casing Size Selection
Example RAG:Wellbore Diameter Casing Diameter
Conductor 20”
17 ½” Surface Casing 13 3/8”
12 ¼” Intermediate Casing 9 5/8”
8 ½” Intermediate Casing 7”
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Wellhead
Casing Head Casing Hanger Casing Spool Tubing Hanger Tubing Head Primary Seal Secondary Seal Tubing Head AdapterChair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Cellar
A dug-out area, lined with cement or very large diameter thin-wall pipe,located below the rig.
- Depth of the cellar is such that the master valve of the Christmas tree is easy to reach from ground level
- Prior to setting surface casing, the cellar also takes mud returns from the well
- Cavity for the casing spools
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Base Plate
The base plate is a load-supporting device attached to the startingcasing head by means of either mechanical or permanent (welding) connection.
Baseplate Size Current Load Capacity
11" 2200 kN vertical load 13 5/8" 3300 kN vertical load 16 3/4" 4400 kN vertical load 20 3/4" & 21 1/4" 4400 kN vertical load
www.downingwell.com
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
Casing Head
- attached to the top end of the surface casing- provides a support for the other strings and a sealing of the annular space between two casing strings
- composed of a casing-hanger bowl to support the smaller casing
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Casing Hanger
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
www.fmctechnologies.com
The Casing Hanger is a mechanism/ device that seats in the bowl of the casing head / casing spool to suspend the next smaller casing string securely and provide a seal between the suspended casing and the casing head bowl.
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
Casing Spool
A Casing Spool is an intermediate casing head attached to the topflange to the top flange of the underlying casing head to provide a support for the next smaller casing string and a sealing of the annular space between the two casing strings.
www.fmctechnologies.com
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Primary / Secondary Packoff
The primary and secondary packoffs are used to seal the annular spaceChair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
Tubing Head
www.fmctechnologies.com
A Tubing Head is a spool type unit attached to the top flange of the uppermost casing head to provide a support for the tubing string and to seal the annular space between the tubing string and the production casing string.
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
Tubing Hanger
www.fmctechnologies.com
A Tubing Hanger is a device used to provide a seal between the tubing and the tubing head.
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
Tubing Head Adapter
A Tubing Head Adapter provides a transition from the wellhead to themaster valve of the tree.
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Wellhead Installation
Threaded ball valve Flanged valve Base plate Pressure gauge Casing headChair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Wellhead Installation
Threaded ball valve Flanged valve Base plate Pressure gauge Casing head Casing spool Casing hangerChair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Wellhead Installation
Threaded ball valve Flanged valve Base plate Pressure gauge Casing head Casing spool Casing hanger Tubing headChair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook: Drilling Engineering
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook: Drilling Engineering
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Example
Evaluate the required components, the size, the height and the weight of a wellhead that must support three casing strings (13 3/8”, 9 5/8”, 7”) and a 2 7/8” tubing string.
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Vetcogray: FC wellhead systems
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Homework 1
Homework 1
Deadline: 25.08.2015 09:00
Evaluate the required components, the size, the height and the weight of a wellhead that must support four casing strings (20”, 13 3/8”, 9 5/8”, 7”) and a 3 1/2” tubing string.
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
The Christmas Tree is an assembly of valves and fittings used to control production and provide access to the production tubing string. It includes all equipment above the tubing head top flange.
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
Christmas Tree Assembly
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Source: Petroleum Engineering Handbook
Christmas Tree Assembly
The purposes of the Christmas tree are to- provide the primary method of closing in a well - isolate the well from adjacent wells
- connect the flowline
- provide vertical access for well interventions (slickline, electricline, coiled tubing etc.) whilst the well is live
- interface with the tubing hanger
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
J. Bellarby: Well Completion Design
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Renpu: Advanced Well Completion Engineering
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Renpu: Advanced Well Completion Engineering
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Subsea Christmas Tree Assembly
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
J. Bellarby: Well Completion Design
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Completion Engineering
www.starse.com.cn
A completion is the interface between the reservoir and the surface. The objective is to allow a safe and environmental friendly protection.
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Completion Components
• Surface Components
• Christmas Tree • Well Head
• Intermediate Components
• Subsurface Safety Valves • Tubing • Injection Lines • Completion Fluids• Reservoir Components
• Perforations • Sand screens • Packers l• Pumps
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Completions
Completion as part of the well control envelope:‘At least two tested independent barriers between hydrocarbons in the reservoir and the environment at all times’
Primary barrier:
barrier that initially prevents hydrocarbons from escaping e.g. the mud, the tubing or the Christmas tree
Secondary barrier:
backup to the primary barrier – it is not normally in use until the primary barrier fails.
The secondary barrier must be independent of the primary barrier. Any event that could destroy the primary barrier should not affect the secondary barrier.
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Completions
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Completions
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
The role of a Completion Engineer
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
The role of a Completion Engineer
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Types of Completions
Objectives of wells: Producer: - Oil - Gas - Water Injector / Disposal: - Gas - Water - Steam Combination: - Gas storage- Time shifted (produce HC and then convert to water injection duty) - Produce through the tubing and inject down the annulus
Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Types of Completions
Reservoir Completion:connection between reservoir and well Decisions:
- Well trajectory and inclination - Open hole versus cased hole
- Sand control requirement and type of sand control
- Stimulation (proppants or acid)
- Single or multi-zone (commingled or selective)
Upper Completion:
conduit from reservoir completion to surface facilities
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Reservoir Completions
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery
Upper Completions
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Chair of Petroleum & Geothermal Energy Recovery