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Complex role of HIF in cancer: the known, the unknown, and the unexpected

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Figure

Figure 1 Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HiF-α) regulation and mechanisms of action. Notes: in normoxia, HiF-1α and HiF-2α (designated as HiF-α) are subjected to prolyl hydroxylation by PHD in the presence of ferrous iron (Fe++) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)
Figure 2 Role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HiF-1) in regulating bioenergetics and biosynthesis through the induction of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in proliferating cancer cells.Notes: increased HiF-1 expression through oncogenic signaling not only promote
Figure 3 Pathways of FH, SDH, and iDH mutations leading to tumorigenesis. Notes: (A) FH, SDH, iDH mutations result in the accumulation of fumarate, succinate, and (R)-2HG, respectively

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