Mr. Carlos
Biology A
9
thGrade
Study Guide for FINAL Exam – Cumulative
Please make sure you read Chapter 13 in your textbook. All class notes and worksheets may be included in the final exam. All diagrams and pictures during class lectures may also be included in the final exam. The following information will be included in exam.
PLEASE STUDY HARD! ! !
Units Included and any root words (Greek or Latin origin) Chapter 1 – Introduction to Biology (starting on page 2) Chapter 2 – Chemistry of Life (starting on page 34)
Chapter 3 – Cell Structure and Function (starting on page 68) Chapter 4 – Cells and Energy (staring on page 98)
Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division (starting on page 132) Chapter 13 – Principles of Ecology (starting on page 394)
Vocabulary to know:
Diversity, Symbiotic, Metabolism, Species, Evolution, Adaptation, Biology, Organism, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hypothesis, Theory, Homeostasis, Independent variable, Dependent variable, Microscope
Chapter 1 – Introduction to Biology
Make sure you review your exam #1. Any of those questions may be added to the final exam. I would correct all mistakes on exam #1
1. Be able to define terms (vocabulary above).
2. Know the parts of the microscope and their function.
3. There will be a question on the scientific method. Be able to explain the steps involved. Make sure to reference figure 1.10 on page 15 + class notes.
4. There will be a question on submitting a lab report. You must know the ten steps for a lab report. Be able to give a brief explanation. (Refer to Question in exam)
5. What are the four characteristics that are shared by living things on earth? Explain the characteristics. (pg. 5 & 6)
6. Make sure you know what is homeostasis. How do we survive in cold and warm temperatures? How does our body keep homeostasis? (pg. 9)
7. Be able to explain how a polar bear survives in the Arctic Region. Talk about their adaptations. (pg. 9)
________________________________________________________________________ Exam Format: All previous exam questions
50% multiple choice
50% True / False, Drawing / Labeling, Short Essays
Final Exam Schedule
Thurs – Periods 2, 5, 7
Fri – Periods 4, 6, 7
Vocabulary to know:
Qualitative, Quantitative, Electron, Proton, Covalent Bond, Ionic Bond, Atom, Molecule, Element, Ion, Cohesion, Adhesion, Solvent, Solute, Compound, Catalyst, Reactants, Products, Carbohydrate, Lipids, Enzyme, Protein, Organic, Endothermic, Exothermic
Chapter 2 – Chemistry of Life
Make sure you review your exam #1 and #2. Any of those questions may be added to the final exam. I would correct all mistakes on exam #2
1. Be able to define terms (vocabulary above).
2. Draw a covalent bond with two elements. Make sure to label, electrons, protons, and neutrons. Know how to get the atomic mass for any element. Remember what each orbit has for electrons, the quantity. DO A BASIC ATOM.
Orbit one – max 2 Orbit two – max 8 Orbit three – max 8
3. Be able to explain polar and non-polar molecules. Know the properties of water (H2O). Know what are hydrogen bonds. (pg. 40)
4. What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion? (pg. 41)
5. What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds? (pg. 38)
6. What is the difference between a solute and a solvent? What is a solution? (pg. 42)
7. What are carbohydrates and lipids? (pg. 45)
8. What are reactants and products in a chemical reaction? (pg. 50)
9. Be able to explain activation energy of a catalyst (enzyme). (pg. 54)
10. Know the enzyme and substrate complex structure. Where does a substrate bind to in a chemical reaction? What is the final result? Know the diagram – LOCK AND KEY MODEL. (pg. 56)
11. Know the difference between exothermic and endothermic. (pg. 53)
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Vocabulary to know:
Theory, Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, Organelle, Semi-permeable, Membrane, Function, Secretion, Passive Transport, Active Transport, Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitate, Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic, Gradient, Concentration, Exocytosis, Endocystosis, Phospholipid
Chapter 3 – Cell Structure and Function
Make sure you review your exam #2 & #3. Any of those questions may be added to the final exam. I would correct all mistakes on exam #3
2. Know how to label the animal, plant, or bacteria cell. Make sure you know the organelles and their function. (pg. 73 – 79)
3. Be able to talk about any scientist you have learned in class. How did they contribute to science? (pg. 71)
4. Know the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (pg. 74)
5. Discuss the cell theory. Know what it means. (pg. 71)
6. How does protein synthesis happen inside the cell? Know the basic diagram. See notes.
7. Be able to draw and label a phospholipid. What is hydrophilic and hydrophobic? (pg. 81)
8. Explain why the cell membrane is important? What does it do for the cell? Be able to identify the contents in the cell membrane. (pg. 82)
9. What is the difference between membrane and intracellular receptors? What is facilitated diffusion? (pg. 84 & 87)
10. What is the difference between passive transport and active transport? (pg. 85 & 89)
11. During osmosis a solution may be isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. Know the difference between all three solutions and offer an explanation for each. Know how to draw a cell in all three solutions. (pg. 86)
12. Know the difference between diffusion and osmosis. (pg. 85 & 86)
13. What is difference between endocytosis and exocytosis? What is phagocytosis? (pg. 90)
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Vocabulary to know:
ATP, NADPH, Catabolic, Anabolic, Metabolism, Energy, Chemosynthesis,
Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, ADP, NADP, Thylakoid, Chloroplast, Stroma, Chorophyll, Dependent, Independent, Calvin Cycle, ATP Synthase, Aerobic, Anaerobic, Glycolysis, Fermentation
Chapter 4 – Cells and Energy
Make sure you review your exam #4. Any of those questions may be added to the final exam. I would correct all mistakes on exam #4
1. Be able to define terms (vocabulary above).
3. Make sure you have the picture (Food pyramid & Tree) on ATP. Be able to explain how animals and plants make ATP. Remember animals use molecules from food and plants use sunlight to harness energy. The energy is stored in sugar.
4. Be able to identify the sugar molecule and formula C6H12O6. What food source gives you the most energy? What needs to be broken to receive the energy from sugar? Know the Food Digestion slide.
5. What is the low and high energy? Know the difference between ATP and ADP. How do you convert ADP to ATP? What happens? Be able to spell their names.
6. What is the law of conservation of energy? Explain how energy is recycled in the body. Be able to draw a diagram showing ADP converted to ATP. Know the structures of ADP and ATP.
7. Explain chemosynthesis. How does the process work? Give examples of living things that use this process.
8. What is photosynthesis? Explain the process in a simple manner. What living and non-living things use energy from the sun. Give examples.
9. Be able to label and identify a photosynthesis diagram. Give example of a photosynthetic organism.
10. Give an example of a food chain starting with a producer. Give example the levels of consumers involved.
11. How does visible light work for all living things like humans and plants?
12. Identify and label the parts in the chloroplast. What is the function of the parts? What does the chlorophyll do? Why is it important for plants to have chlorophyll?
13. Explain the light dependent reactions that take place in the thylakoids. Be able to go step by step. How do the molecules move in the membrane of the thylakoids? How are ADP, ATP, NADP, and NADPH involved?
14. Explain the light independent reactions that take place in the stroma. What is the final product? How are ADP, ATP, NADP, and NADPH involved?
15. What is the molecular formula of photosynthesis? Know the reactants being used and products being made. Use the correct numbers to balance the equation.
16. Why do plants use the process of photosynthesis? What is the main purpose for plants making sugars?
17. During light dependent reactions there are two molecules involved in capturing the energy of the sun. Make sure you know their names are Photosystem I and Photosystem II. We will cover the details next semester.
19. What is cellular respiration? What are the steps and processes involved with cellular respiration? Make sure to identify and draw the diagrams. (Glycolysis, Electron
Transport System, and Krebs Cycle) (NEW MATERIAL)
20. What is fermentation? What is lactic acid? How does it work? (NEW MATERIAL)
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Vocabulary to know: (THIS IS NEW MATERIAL)
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Chromosome, Condense, Histone, Necrosis, Telomere, Chromatid, Interpahse, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis, Apoptosis
Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division
Make sure you review your exam #5. Any of those questions may be added to the final exam. I would correct all mistakes on exam #5 (Will be combine with final exam)
1. Be able to define terms (vocabulary above).
2. Be able to explain the cell cycle. How does it work? What are the four steps? (pg. 134)
3. What is Interphase? What is cytokinesis? Explain both steps. (pg. 134)
4. What is mitosis? What are the steps to mitosis? Know the correct order. (pg. 135 & 140)
5. Be able to draw the steps to mitosis. Explain what each step does inside the cell. (pg. 140)
6. Be able to explain how chromosomes work inside the cell. Know what are histones, telomeres, and centromeres are. What are chromatins?
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Vocabulary to know: (THIS IS NEW MATERIAL – READ DURING BREAK) Ecology, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, Producer, Consumer, Detritivore, Decomposers, Autotroph, Heterotroph, Biotic, Abiotic,
Biodiversity, Chemosynthesis, Species, Food Web, Organism, Population
Chapter 13 – Principles of Ecology
This chapter was assigned during your Thanksgiving Break. You had the entire week to read and answer your assessment questions. (Will be combined with final exam)
1. Be able to define terms (vocabulary above).
2. What is ecology? Know the levels of organization. Be able to define each level of organization. What level (pg. 396 – 397)
3. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors? (pg. 402)
4. What is biodiversity? Give some examples. (pg. 403)
6. Explain how energy is exchanged between producers and consumers. What are trophic levels? Be able to draw a diagram showing trophic levels. (pg. 409)
7. Be able to explain a food chain model. What are some types of consumers? Be able to draw a model of a food chain. (pg. 408)
8. What is chemosynthesis? How do these animals survive? Where do they live and why? (pg. 407)
9. What is a food web? Draw an example of a food web. Show an example with producers and consumers. (pg. 411)
