Name: Date:
Unit 6 Assessment: Genetics, Genetic Disorders, and Biotechnology
1. Suppose you cross two heterozygous tall pea plants, both with genotypes Tt. What is the probability that offspring will display the dominant trait? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25%
2. Two heterozygous tall pea plants, both with genotypes Tt, are crossed. What is the probability that offspring will have the heterozygous genotype? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25%
3. A tall pea plant with red flowers has the genotype RR. This plant is crossed with another tall pea plant with white flowers, having the genotype rr. What is the probability that incomplete dominance is expressed in the F1 progeny? (SC.912.L.16.2)
a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25%
4. In an organism, genes A and B are on different chromosomes. This organim has the A, a, B, and b alleles. During meiosis, the A allele moved to daughter cell 2 of the dividing nucleus, and the a allele moved to daughter cell 1. (SC.912.L.16.1)
What will happen to the B allele?
a. The B allele will move to Daughter Cell 2 b. The B allele will move to Daughter Cell 1
c. There is an equal chance that the B allele will move to Daughter Cell 1 and Daughter Cell 2 d. The B allele will most likely move to Daughter Cell 1, but it could move to Daughter Cell 2
5. Two parents are found to be carriers of a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele a. Offspring born with two recessive alleles die before becoming old enough to reproduce. What is the probability of the parents having a child with the disorder? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25%
Meiosis I
Parent
Cell
Daughter
Cell 1
Daughter
Cell 2
X
aX
AX
aX
A XbXB
X?
6. Suppose a chicken with black feathers and a chicken with white feathers cross. Which offspring would indicate that the trait for feathers is codominant? (SC.912.L.16.2)
a. black and white offspring b. black offspring
c. white offspring d. grey offspring
7. Eye color is genetically determined. Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. If a homozygous brown-eyed man marries a homozygous blue-eyed woman, what is the probability that their first child will have brown eyes? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25%
8. A species of jungle chicken is codominant for red or white feathers. What color would be expressed in the offspring represented by the missing square below if T is dominant for red feathers and t is recessive for white feathers? (SC.912.L.16.2)
?? Tt
Tt tt
a. pink
b. a mix of red and white c. TT
d. red
9. In a breed of dog, the gene for black fur is dominant and the gene for brown fur is recessive. Two dogs with black fur are bred. One of the offspring has brown fur. What is the most likely explanation for the brown fur? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. the dog received a mutated gene
b. the dog only received one gene for fur color c. the received two recessive genes for brown fur
d. the dog received one gene for brown fur and one gene for black fur
10. Two alleles assort independently for plants – plant height and flower color. The tall allele is dominant to the short allele and red flowers are dominant to white flowers. One plant, that is heterozygous for the height allele and homozygous dominant for flower color is crossed with a plant that is heterozygous for the height allele and heterozygous for flower color. What the genotypes for the parent plants? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. TtRR and TtRr b. ttrr and ttrr c. TtRr and TtRr d. ttRR and rTTr
11. A tall pea plant with red flowers has the genotype TtRr. This plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall pea plant with white flowers. What is the probability of getting tall plants with white white flowers in the F1 progeny? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. 1/8 b. 1/16 c. 9/16 d. 3/8
12. What is the pattern of inheritance for a sex-linked recessive allele? (SC.912.L.16.2) a. every person affected has an affected parent
b. unaffected parents can produce children who are affected
c. unaffected mothers can have affected sons and daughters who are carriers d. none of the above
13. Imagine that in squirrels, gray color (G) is dominant over black color (g). A black squirrel has the genotype gg. Crossing a gray squirrel with which of the following would allow you to determine the genotype of the gray squirrel? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. GG b. Gg c. gg
14. In a cross between a white-eyed female fruit fly and red-eyed male, what percent of the female offspring will have white eyes? (White eyes are X-linked, recessive) (SC.912.L.16.2)
a. 0% b. 25% c. 50% d. 100%
15. Imagine that tulips are either yellow or white. You start growing tulips and find out that if you want to get yellow tulips, then at least one of the parents must be yellow. Which color is dominant? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. White b. Yellow
c. Neither – it is codominance
d. Neither – it is incomplete dominance
16. Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked, recessive trait. Which of the following describes the probability of color blindness in the offspring of a man who is not color blind and a woman who is a heterozygous carrier? (SC.912.L.16.2)
a.There is a 100% chance that their sons will have hemophilia. b. There is a 25% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia. c. There is a 50% chance that their sons will have hemophilia. d.There is a 50% chance that their daughters will have hemophilia.
17. Suppose red and green are codominantly expressed for a certain trait. Two individuals have several offspring and find all of the offspring express either the codominant trait or all green. Which of the following are the likely genotypes of the parents? (SC.912.L.16.2)
a. PP x pp b. Pp x Pp c. Pp x pp d. PP x PP
18. Which of the following is characteristic of recessive traits? (SC.912.L.16.1) a. All affected individuals have affected parents
b. All affected parents have affected offspring
c. It is likely that affected individuals will not have affected parents
d. It is only possible to get this trait if both parents are homozygous dominant 19. Which of the following is characteristic of an x-linked dominant trait? (SC.912.L.16.2)
a. More males will be affected than females b. All daughters of affected fathers will have the trait c. All daughters of affected mothers will have the trait d. This type of trait means only males can be affected
20. Why are males more likely to show characteristics of sex-linked recessive diseases? (SC.912.L.16.2) a. because males have two copies of the X chromosome so they express both genes
b. They are not, women are more likely to show sex-linked recessive diseases c. because males have no X chromosomes
d. because males have 1 X chromosome, so they express all genes on that chromosome 21. The pedigree below most likely shows what form of inheritance? (SC.912.L.16.2)
22. The pedigree below most likely shows what form of inheritance? (SC.912.L.16.1)
a. Autosomal dominant b. Autosomal recessive c. Sex-linked dominant d. Sex-linked recessive
23. This type of inheritance occurs when many genes affect one trait. (SC.912.L.16.2) a. Incomplete Dominance
b. Codominance c. Multiple Alleles d. Polygenic Inheritance
24. A translocation occurs when… (SC.912.L.15.15)
a. there is a crossover between homologous chromosomes b. there is a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence
c. there is a crossover between non-homologous chromosomes d. a chromosome is cut at 2 places then inverted
Use the following karyotype for the following three questions
25. What is the sex of this individual? (SC.912.L.16.2) a. Male
b. Female c. Unknown
d. Neither a male nor a female
26. What genetic disease does this individual have? (SC.912.L.15.15) a. trisomy 13
b. monosomy X c. monsomy 8 d. trisomy 18
27. What causes the genetic disorder above? (SC.912.L.15.15) a. nondisjunction
28. A ________________ occurs when a segment of DNA is cut on both ends and placed in the reverse orientation. (SC.912.L.15.15) a. Translocation
b. Deletion c. Inversion d. Duplication
29. Changing the DNA of an organism is called…(SC.912.L.16.10) a. genetic engineering
b. hybridization c. selective breeding d. inbreeding
30. Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes)… (SC.912.L.16.10)
a. are enzymes that are responsible for post-transcriptional modifications b. are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences
c. protect eukaryotes from viral infections d. All of the above
31. Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria by using recombinant DNA technology. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein? (SC.912.L.16.9)
a. DNA replication is exactly the same in bacteria and humans b. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells
c. The basic components of DNA are the same for bacteria and humans d. Bacterial and human cells have the same chromosomes
32. The process of attempting to cure genetic disorders by placing copies of healthy genes into cells that lack them is known as… (SC.912.L.16.10) a. gene therapy
b. DNA fingerprinting c. rapid sequencing
d. the Human Genome Project
33. Which of the following is not a concern regarding the use of genetically modified organisms? (SC.912.L.16.10) a. they allow more food to be produced
b. the consequences of the GMO’s is unknown c. it can cause unintentional harm to other organisms
d. we do not yet have the technology to successfully use GMO’s
34. Which of the following is a reason to pursue stem cell research and technology? (SC.912.L.16.10) a. many people believe stem cell research is unethical
b. it is likely unable to significantly aid physicians in healing patients
c. there is nearly a limitless potential to the diseases stem cell research could cure d. It is likely to be overly expensive
35. While genetic engineering has positive benefits, there are also concerns associated with widespread use of genetic engineering in agriculture. If many farmers begin to plant more genetically modified crops that have an increased tolerance to insects, which of the following may result? (SC.912.L.16.10)
a.
an increase in the use of pesticidesb.
a decrease in genetic diversity of the cropsUse the following gel to answer the following two questions:
36. Which band number has the largest piece of DNA? (SC.912.L.16.10) a. 1
b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
37. If column A was the DNA found at a crime scene and the other columns are DNA pieces from the suspects, which suspect should be most concerned? (SC.912.L.16.10)
a. B b. C c. D d. E
