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Low Cost Waste Water Treatment
Mr.Nilesh Phadtare1, Mr.Mayur Patil2, Mr. Vishal Desai3,Mr. Mohan Ghorpade4 1,2,3,4 BE CIVIL, SITCOE Yadrav.
Abstract- Low cost waste water treatment method for different sources of waste water being an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment method that have operational and financial restriction .A pilot scale model of such treatment is constructed at SITCOE, Yadrav, Ichalkaranji. The different processes offered includes aeration, filtration and wetland. Theresults were very encouraging. The method has an advantages like high removal of BOD, Suspended solids
Keywords :Degradation, Biological, Ecosystem, profound.
1. INTRODUCTION:
Form years, modern societies have constructed large, centralized wastewater treatment facilities that treat large volumes of water using both chemical and biological processes. Of late, the utility of such facilities has come into question, particularly, when considering their high cost and increased demands put upon them by growing populations. Consequently, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of alternative methods of treatment that capitalize on natural processes that occur in the ecosystem. Among these alternatives. As there is increase in water demands the subsequent generation in the wastewater generation has increased spirally hence it is necessary to treat that water with low cost technologies to minimize the cost of treatment.While providing the treatments to these wastewaters “Cost Economics” is the prominent aspect which has profound impact in the decision of employment of the treatment technologies.There are no of methods of waste water treatments but these methods are very costly. So low cost methods such as wetland should be used.
How the treatments are low cost?
This process consists of low cost treatments and constructed by locally available material. As compared to conventional waste water treatments the cost of such treatments are very less. In case of conventional wastewater treatments plants require large space, skilled Labor, electricity, operational cost, installment
cost, maintenance cost are more. So there is financial restriction. In this process we used material like broken bricks, plywood, aggregates, locally available plants species like Taro and Cana Lilly which are easily available and low in cost. The treatments selected in this project having high efficiency as compared to conventional treatments and it will also help to reduce the treatment load on existing conventional wastewater treatment plant.We constructed a pilot scale model of such treatments at SITCOE, YADRAV as shown in fig1.The overall cost of project regarding installation of each unit will be discussed in expenditures. This project is being an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment plant and also helpful for at source treatment.
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2 .POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS:
• Treated water can be used for gardening purpose.
• Treated water can be used for toilet flushing.
• Treated water will also helpful for ground water recharge.
• The treatments can be also used primary treatments at conventional treatment plant.
• It will be very useful at source treatment for domestic sewage.
• It will help to reduce treatment load on existing sewage treatment plant
• As this treatments are low cost it can be installed at inaccessible villages where the conventional STP not economical.
3. TREATMENTS`
The processestrain selected for treatment follows screening and aeration, filter media, wetland.
3.1 Screening andAeration:
The wastewater coming from sedimentation tank is not having any floating matter. So the holes on aeration platforms are it acts as screens. The size of holes is 10mm in diameter and provided at 10cm center to center fr
other in both direction. As shown in fig2
Fig.2 10mm diameter holes at spacing of 10 cm
To avoid anaerobic conditions dissolved oxygen content is necessary in wastewater. The waste water source is septic tank so dissolved oxygen in wastewater was consumed by aerobic
bacteria’s, hence biochemical oxygen demand is more. The bacteria present in wastewater will consume the organic matter present in
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POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS:
Treated water can be used for gardening
Treated water can be used for toilet
Treated water will also helpful for
The treatments can be also used as primary treatments at conventional
It will be very useful at source treatment
It will help to reduce treatment load on existing sewage treatment plant
As this treatments are low cost it can be inaccessible villages where the conventional STP not economical.
selected for treatmentis as screening and aeration, filter media,
The wastewater coming from sedimentation is not having any floating matter. So the holes on aeration platforms are it acts as screens. The size of holes is 10mm in diameter and provided at 10cm center to center from each other in both direction. As shown in fig2
spacing of 10 cm
To avoid anaerobic conditions dissolved oxygen content is necessary in wastewater. The waste water source is septic tank so dissolved oxygen in wastewater was consumed by aerobic
bacteria’s, hence biochemical oxygen demand is cteria present in wastewater will consume the organic matter present in
wastewater, which is major contaminant in wastewater. For survival of aerobic bacteria oxygen is required and also to reduce anaerobic digestion, which is major cause of odour the dissolved oxygen contentshould be more. So aeration should be provided
Fig3Preparation of aeration platform
3.2Filter Media:
As treatments are low cost the locally available material such as broken bricks aggregates and construction w used for preparation of filter media. The filter media consist of four layers
in fig4
a) First layer at bottom
of approx. 50-60 mm in size.
b) Second layer- aggregate of size 25mm c) Third layer- broken brick bats of
approx. 50-60 mm in size.
d) Top layer- aggregate retained on 4.75mm sieve
Thickness of each layer is 7.5 cm. the main purpose of filter media is to remove suspended solids present in waste water. If the waste water is directly discharged on land then due to suspended solids present in the waste water the land become sew sick. Hence this process will reduce the suspended solids present in waste water and improve the quality of waste water.
Layer-1 L
ISSN: 2321-9637)
53 wastewater, which is major contaminant in wastewater. For survival of aerobic bacteria oxygen is required and also to reduce anaerobic digestion, which is major cause of odour the
olved oxygen contentshould be more. So aeration should be provided.
Preparation of aeration platform
As treatments are low cost the locally available material such as broken bricks aggregates and construction waste is used for preparation of filter media. The filter media consist of four layers as shown
First layer at bottom- broken brick bats 60 mm in size.
aggregate of size 25mm broken brick bats of 0 mm in size.
aggregate retained on
Thickness of each layer is 7.5 cm. the main purpose of filter media is to remove suspended solids present in waste water. If the waste water is directly discharged on land then due to suspended solids present in the waste water the land become sewage sick. Hence this process will reduce the suspended solids present in waste water and improve the quality of waste water.
54
Layer-3 Layer-4 Fig4. Preparation of filter bed in layers
3.3 Wetland-
Constructed wetlands are natural wastewater treatment systems. Designed to minimize the removal of wastewater contaminants, they consist of beds of aquatic macrophytes (wetland plants). These wetlands are used as secondary or tertiary treatment units that is, wastewater is generally treated first in primary treatment units such as settling tanks or technical treatment plants. A variety of treatment processes then takes place in constructed wetlands, such as filtration, sedimentation, and biological degradation, which together effectively remove the contaminants in domestic wastewater. In general, constructed wetlands require little operation and maintenance when compared with technical treatment systems. Flow conditions distinguish the three types of Constructed wetland
1. Surface flow or free water surface constructed wetland.
2. Subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland
3. Vertical flow constructed wetland
In our treatments subsurface flow type of constructed wetland is used. This type of constructed wetland essentially consists of shallow basins filled with coarse sand or gravel as filter material. Locally available wetland plants are grown on the surface of the filter bed, and pretreated wastewater flows through the bed horizontally below the surface. The plant selected for the wetland is Taro (Colcasia
Esculenta) and Canna lily as shown in fig.6 & 5 these plants are very effective in removal of organic matter and chloride content. Preparation of wetland is done as shown in fig 7
Fig5.Cannalily
Fig6.Calcusia esculenta
Fig7. Preparation of wetland
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
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Table no.1: The properties of i waste water
Date parameter Before treatment 8/1/2016 pH 8.02
15/1/206 8
24/1/2016 8.2
11/12016 BOD 35.7 mg/lit
17/1/2016 40 mg/lit
27/1/2016 45 mg/lit
8/1/2016 DO 0 mg/lit
15/1/2016 0 mg/lit
24/1/2016 0 mg/lit
11/1/2016 Suspended solids
950 mg/lit
17/1/2016 750 mg/lit
24/1/2016 845.5mg/lit
11/1/2016 Chloride content
257 mg/lit
17/1/2016 248 mg/lit
24/1/2016 252 mg/lit
TableNo.2: Overall removal efficiency
Parameter Inlet (Before treatment) Outlet (After treatment ) pH 8.02
BOD 35.7 12.7
Chloride Content 257.86 220.40 Suspended Solid 950 2
TableNo.2 Efficiency of treatment
5. GRAPHS 1. PH
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inletand outlet
treatment After treatment 7.6 7.5 7.5 mg/lit 12.7
mg/lit 40 mg/lit 11 mg/lit 45 mg/lit 10 mg/lit 0 mg/lit 3.8 mg/lit 0 mg/lit 3 mg/lit 0 mg/lit 3.5 mg/lit 950 mg/lit 250
mg/lit 750 mg/lit 230
mg/lit 845.5mg/lit 235
mg/lit 257 mg/lit 220
mg/lit 248 mg/lit 215
mg/lit 252 mg/lit 219
mg/lit
Overall removal efficiency
Outlet (After treatment % removal 7.6 5.23% 12.7 64.44% 220.40 14.52% 250 73.68%
2 Efficiency of treatment
Graph No.1: pH values in mg/lit Waste Water Sample.
2. BOD
Graph No.2: BOD values in mg/lit of
Collected Waste Water Sample
8.02 7.6 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4
sample 1 sample 2
35.5 40 12.7 0 10 20 30 40 50
Sample 1 sample 2
INLET 35.5 40 12.7 0 10 20 30 40 50
Sample 1 sample 2
INLET
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55 Graph No.1: pH values in mg/lit of Collected
Graph No.2: BOD values in mg/lit of
Collected Waste Water Sample
8
8.2
7.5 7.6
sample 2 sample 3
45
11 10
sample 2 sample 3
OUTLET
40
45
11 10
sample 2 sample 3
[image:4.595.107.543.359.715.2]3. DO
Graph No.3: Dissolved Oxygen values in mg/lit of Collected Waste Water Sample.
4. CHLORIDE CONTENT
Graph No.4: Chloride Content values in mg/lit of Collected Waste Water Sample
0 0 0
3.8
3
0 1 2 3 4
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
35.5
40
12.7 11
0 10 20 30 40 50
Sample 1 sample 2
INLET OUTLET
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Sample 1 Sample 2
INLET OUTLET
Dissolved Oxygen values ted Waste Water
4. CHLORIDE CONTENT
Chloride Content values in mg/lit of Collected Waste Water Sample
6. SUSPENDED SOLIDS
No.5:Suspended Solid values in mg/lit of
Collected Waste Water Sample.
7. CONCLUSION:
a) The initial pH value of in
changes by some amount hence treatments are actually running.
b) The BOD of inlet waste
appreciable amount it shows treatments are very efficient in removing BOD of waste water c) The chloride content value of inlet waste water is not changed by appreciable amount the treatment is not effective to reduce chloride content.
d) The suspended solid
water is reduced by large amount it shows the filtration process is very effective
highest efficiency.
e) The DO of waste water increased by some amount it shows the aeration process is good.
Acknowledgment
I would like to thanks Mr. A. A Bagane (.ex. Director SIT, COE) and Dr. S. A Khot (Principal, SIT, COE) for giving us the permission to construct the prototype of our treatments at SIT, COE Hostel and for providing us facilities such as envi
engineering lab. We are also thanks to our guides Mr. M. H Mota (HOD civil dept. SIT, COE) and Mr. A. D Chougule (Asst. professor civil dept.) for their valuable guidance.
3.5
Sample 3 INLET
45
11 10
sample 2 sample 3
OUTLET
Sample 2 Sample 3
OUTLET
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Sample 1 Sample 2
INLET
56 . SUSPENDED SOLIDS
Suspended Solid values in mg/lit of
Collected Waste Water Sample.
The initial pH value of inlet waste water changes by some amount hence treatments are
The BOD of inlet waste water is changed by appreciable amount it shows treatments are very efficient in removing BOD of waste water.
The chloride content value of inlet waste ter is not changed by appreciable amount the treatment is not effective to reduce chloride
uspended solid value of in let waste water is reduced by large amount it shows the filtration process is very effective and having
e) The DO of waste water increased by some amount it shows the aeration process is good.7.
I would like to thanks Mr. A. A Bagane (.ex. Director SIT, COE) and Dr. S. A Khot (Principal, SIT, COE) for giving us the permission to construct the prototype of our treatments at SIT, COE Hostel and for providing us facilities such as environmental engineering lab. We are also thanks to our guides Mr. M. H Mota (HOD civil dept. SIT, COE) and Mr. A. D Chougule (Asst. professor civil dept.) for their valuable guidance.
Sample 2 Sample 3
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57 REFERENCES
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