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52

Low Cost Waste Water Treatment

Mr.Nilesh Phadtare1, Mr.Mayur Patil2, Mr. Vishal Desai3,Mr. Mohan Ghorpade4 1,2,3,4 BE CIVIL, SITCOE Yadrav.

Abstract- Low cost waste water treatment method for different sources of waste water being an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment method that have operational and financial restriction .A pilot scale model of such treatment is constructed at SITCOE, Yadrav, Ichalkaranji. The different processes offered includes aeration, filtration and wetland. Theresults were very encouraging. The method has an advantages like high removal of BOD, Suspended solids

Keywords :Degradation, Biological, Ecosystem, profound.

1. INTRODUCTION:

Form years, modern societies have constructed large, centralized wastewater treatment facilities that treat large volumes of water using both chemical and biological processes. Of late, the utility of such facilities has come into question, particularly, when considering their high cost and increased demands put upon them by growing populations. Consequently, there has been a great deal of interest in the development of alternative methods of treatment that capitalize on natural processes that occur in the ecosystem. Among these alternatives. As there is increase in water demands the subsequent generation in the wastewater generation has increased spirally hence it is necessary to treat that water with low cost technologies to minimize the cost of treatment.While providing the treatments to these wastewaters “Cost Economics” is the prominent aspect which has profound impact in the decision of employment of the treatment technologies.There are no of methods of waste water treatments but these methods are very costly. So low cost methods such as wetland should be used.

How the treatments are low cost?

This process consists of low cost treatments and constructed by locally available material. As compared to conventional waste water treatments the cost of such treatments are very less. In case of conventional wastewater treatments plants require large space, skilled Labor, electricity, operational cost, installment

cost, maintenance cost are more. So there is financial restriction. In this process we used material like broken bricks, plywood, aggregates, locally available plants species like Taro and Cana Lilly which are easily available and low in cost. The treatments selected in this project having high efficiency as compared to conventional treatments and it will also help to reduce the treatment load on existing conventional wastewater treatment plant.We constructed a pilot scale model of such treatments at SITCOE, YADRAV as shown in fig1.The overall cost of project regarding installation of each unit will be discussed in expenditures. This project is being an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment plant and also helpful for at source treatment.

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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E

2 .POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS:

• Treated water can be used for gardening purpose.

• Treated water can be used for toilet flushing.

• Treated water will also helpful for ground water recharge.

• The treatments can be also used primary treatments at conventional treatment plant.

• It will be very useful at source treatment for domestic sewage.

• It will help to reduce treatment load on existing sewage treatment plant

• As this treatments are low cost it can be installed at inaccessible villages where the conventional STP not economical.

3. TREATMENTS`

The processestrain selected for treatment follows screening and aeration, filter media, wetland.

3.1 Screening andAeration:

The wastewater coming from sedimentation tank is not having any floating matter. So the holes on aeration platforms are it acts as screens. The size of holes is 10mm in diameter and provided at 10cm center to center fr

other in both direction. As shown in fig2

Fig.2 10mm diameter holes at spacing of 10 cm

To avoid anaerobic conditions dissolved oxygen content is necessary in wastewater. The waste water source is septic tank so dissolved oxygen in wastewater was consumed by aerobic

bacteria’s, hence biochemical oxygen demand is more. The bacteria present in wastewater will consume the organic matter present in

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: 2321

Special Issue

National Conference

”, 19 March 2016

VishwaCon'16

POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS:

Treated water can be used for gardening

Treated water can be used for toilet

Treated water will also helpful for

The treatments can be also used as primary treatments at conventional

It will be very useful at source treatment

It will help to reduce treatment load on existing sewage treatment plant

As this treatments are low cost it can be inaccessible villages where the conventional STP not economical.

selected for treatmentis as screening and aeration, filter media,

The wastewater coming from sedimentation is not having any floating matter. So the holes on aeration platforms are it acts as screens. The size of holes is 10mm in diameter and provided at 10cm center to center from each other in both direction. As shown in fig2

spacing of 10 cm

To avoid anaerobic conditions dissolved oxygen content is necessary in wastewater. The waste water source is septic tank so dissolved oxygen in wastewater was consumed by aerobic

bacteria’s, hence biochemical oxygen demand is cteria present in wastewater will consume the organic matter present in

wastewater, which is major contaminant in wastewater. For survival of aerobic bacteria oxygen is required and also to reduce anaerobic digestion, which is major cause of odour the dissolved oxygen contentshould be more. So aeration should be provided

Fig3Preparation of aeration platform

3.2Filter Media:

As treatments are low cost the locally available material such as broken bricks aggregates and construction w used for preparation of filter media. The filter media consist of four layers

in fig4

a) First layer at bottom

of approx. 50-60 mm in size.

b) Second layer- aggregate of size 25mm c) Third layer- broken brick bats of

approx. 50-60 mm in size.

d) Top layer- aggregate retained on 4.75mm sieve

Thickness of each layer is 7.5 cm. the main purpose of filter media is to remove suspended solids present in waste water. If the waste water is directly discharged on land then due to suspended solids present in the waste water the land become sew sick. Hence this process will reduce the suspended solids present in waste water and improve the quality of waste water.

Layer-1 L

ISSN: 2321-9637)

53 wastewater, which is major contaminant in wastewater. For survival of aerobic bacteria oxygen is required and also to reduce anaerobic digestion, which is major cause of odour the

olved oxygen contentshould be more. So aeration should be provided.

Preparation of aeration platform

As treatments are low cost the locally available material such as broken bricks aggregates and construction waste is used for preparation of filter media. The filter media consist of four layers as shown

First layer at bottom- broken brick bats 60 mm in size.

aggregate of size 25mm broken brick bats of 0 mm in size.

aggregate retained on

Thickness of each layer is 7.5 cm. the main purpose of filter media is to remove suspended solids present in waste water. If the waste water is directly discharged on land then due to suspended solids present in the waste water the land become sewage sick. Hence this process will reduce the suspended solids present in waste water and improve the quality of waste water.

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54

Layer-3 Layer-4 Fig4. Preparation of filter bed in layers

3.3 Wetland-

Constructed wetlands are natural wastewater treatment systems. Designed to minimize the removal of wastewater contaminants, they consist of beds of aquatic macrophytes (wetland plants). These wetlands are used as secondary or tertiary treatment units that is, wastewater is generally treated first in primary treatment units such as settling tanks or technical treatment plants. A variety of treatment processes then takes place in constructed wetlands, such as filtration, sedimentation, and biological degradation, which together effectively remove the contaminants in domestic wastewater. In general, constructed wetlands require little operation and maintenance when compared with technical treatment systems. Flow conditions distinguish the three types of Constructed wetland

1. Surface flow or free water surface constructed wetland.

2. Subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland

3. Vertical flow constructed wetland

In our treatments subsurface flow type of constructed wetland is used. This type of constructed wetland essentially consists of shallow basins filled with coarse sand or gravel as filter material. Locally available wetland plants are grown on the surface of the filter bed, and pretreated wastewater flows through the bed horizontally below the surface. The plant selected for the wetland is Taro (Colcasia

Esculenta) and Canna lily as shown in fig.6 & 5 these plants are very effective in removal of organic matter and chloride content. Preparation of wetland is done as shown in fig 7

Fig5.Cannalily

Fig6.Calcusia esculenta

Fig7. Preparation of wetland

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E

Table no.1: The properties of i waste water

Date parameter Before treatment 8/1/2016 pH 8.02

15/1/206 8

24/1/2016 8.2

11/12016 BOD 35.7 mg/lit

17/1/2016 40 mg/lit

27/1/2016 45 mg/lit

8/1/2016 DO 0 mg/lit

15/1/2016 0 mg/lit

24/1/2016 0 mg/lit

11/1/2016 Suspended solids

950 mg/lit

17/1/2016 750 mg/lit

24/1/2016 845.5mg/lit

11/1/2016 Chloride content

257 mg/lit

17/1/2016 248 mg/lit

24/1/2016 252 mg/lit

TableNo.2: Overall removal efficiency

Parameter Inlet (Before treatment) Outlet (After treatment ) pH 8.02

BOD 35.7 12.7

Chloride Content 257.86 220.40 Suspended Solid 950 2

TableNo.2 Efficiency of treatment

5. GRAPHS 1. PH

International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: 2321

Special Issue

National Conference

”, 19 March 2016

VishwaCon'16

inletand outlet

treatment After treatment 7.6 7.5 7.5 mg/lit 12.7

mg/lit 40 mg/lit 11 mg/lit 45 mg/lit 10 mg/lit 0 mg/lit 3.8 mg/lit 0 mg/lit 3 mg/lit 0 mg/lit 3.5 mg/lit 950 mg/lit 250

mg/lit 750 mg/lit 230

mg/lit 845.5mg/lit 235

mg/lit 257 mg/lit 220

mg/lit 248 mg/lit 215

mg/lit 252 mg/lit 219

mg/lit

Overall removal efficiency

Outlet (After treatment % removal 7.6 5.23% 12.7 64.44% 220.40 14.52% 250 73.68%

2 Efficiency of treatment

Graph No.1: pH values in mg/lit Waste Water Sample.

2. BOD

Graph No.2: BOD values in mg/lit of

Collected Waste Water Sample

8.02 7.6 7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4

sample 1 sample 2

35.5 40 12.7 0 10 20 30 40 50

Sample 1 sample 2

INLET 35.5 40 12.7 0 10 20 30 40 50

Sample 1 sample 2

INLET

ISSN: 2321-9637)

55 Graph No.1: pH values in mg/lit of Collected

Graph No.2: BOD values in mg/lit of

Collected Waste Water Sample

8

8.2

7.5 7.6

sample 2 sample 3

45

11 10

sample 2 sample 3

OUTLET

40

45

11 10

sample 2 sample 3

[image:4.595.107.543.359.715.2]
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3. DO

Graph No.3: Dissolved Oxygen values in mg/lit of Collected Waste Water Sample.

4. CHLORIDE CONTENT

Graph No.4: Chloride Content values in mg/lit of Collected Waste Water Sample

0 0 0

3.8

3

0 1 2 3 4

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

35.5

40

12.7 11

0 10 20 30 40 50

Sample 1 sample 2

INLET OUTLET

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Sample 1 Sample 2

INLET OUTLET

Dissolved Oxygen values ted Waste Water

4. CHLORIDE CONTENT

Chloride Content values in mg/lit of Collected Waste Water Sample

6. SUSPENDED SOLIDS

No.5:Suspended Solid values in mg/lit of

Collected Waste Water Sample.

7. CONCLUSION:

a) The initial pH value of in

changes by some amount hence treatments are actually running.

b) The BOD of inlet waste

appreciable amount it shows treatments are very efficient in removing BOD of waste water c) The chloride content value of inlet waste water is not changed by appreciable amount the treatment is not effective to reduce chloride content.

d) The suspended solid

water is reduced by large amount it shows the filtration process is very effective

highest efficiency.

e) The DO of waste water increased by some amount it shows the aeration process is good.

Acknowledgment

I would like to thanks Mr. A. A Bagane (.ex. Director SIT, COE) and Dr. S. A Khot (Principal, SIT, COE) for giving us the permission to construct the prototype of our treatments at SIT, COE Hostel and for providing us facilities such as envi

engineering lab. We are also thanks to our guides Mr. M. H Mota (HOD civil dept. SIT, COE) and Mr. A. D Chougule (Asst. professor civil dept.) for their valuable guidance.

3.5

Sample 3 INLET

45

11 10

sample 2 sample 3

OUTLET

Sample 2 Sample 3

OUTLET

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Sample 1 Sample 2

INLET

56 . SUSPENDED SOLIDS

Suspended Solid values in mg/lit of

Collected Waste Water Sample.

The initial pH value of inlet waste water changes by some amount hence treatments are

The BOD of inlet waste water is changed by appreciable amount it shows treatments are very efficient in removing BOD of waste water.

The chloride content value of inlet waste ter is not changed by appreciable amount the treatment is not effective to reduce chloride

uspended solid value of in let waste water is reduced by large amount it shows the filtration process is very effective and having

e) The DO of waste water increased by some amount it shows the aeration process is good.7.

I would like to thanks Mr. A. A Bagane (.ex. Director SIT, COE) and Dr. S. A Khot (Principal, SIT, COE) for giving us the permission to construct the prototype of our treatments at SIT, COE Hostel and for providing us facilities such as environmental engineering lab. We are also thanks to our guides Mr. M. H Mota (HOD civil dept. SIT, COE) and Mr. A. D Chougule (Asst. professor civil dept.) for their valuable guidance.

Sample 2 Sample 3

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International Journal of Research in Advent Technology (E-ISSN: 2321-9637)

Special Issue

National Conference

”, 19 March 2016

VishwaCon'16

57 REFERENCES

[1] Balfours, 1987. Lahore Wastewater

Treatment Project. Balfours Consulting Engineers, Lahore, Pakistan.

[2] Brix, H., Arias, C. A., Johansen, N. H.,

2003. Experiments in a two-stage

constructed wetland system: nitrification capacity and effects of recycling on nitrogen removal. In: Vymazal, J. (Ed.), Wetlands-Nutrients, Metals and Mass Cycling.

Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The

Netherlands, pp. 237-258

[3] Cooper, P. F., Job, G. D., Green, M. B., Shutes, R.B.E., 1996. Reed Beds and Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment. WRc Publications, Medmenham, Marlow, UK.

[4] J. Vymazal, “Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: five decades of experience,” Environmental Science and

Technology, vol.45, no. 1August 2010.

[5] Pushpendra Kumar Sharma, Sohail Ayub, Chandra Nath Tripathi “International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) ISSN (Online) 2319-183X, (Print) 2319-1821 Volume 2”, Issue 8 (August 2013), PP.18-27

[6] R. H. Kadlec and S. Wallace, Treatment

Wetlands; Boca Raton: CRC,2009, ch. 1,

ch. 6- ch. 9. (a)(b) International Journal of

Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 4, No. 1, February 2013, 23

[7] R Kaur, SP Wani, AK Singh, “Wastewater

Figure

Table no.1: The properties of iwaste water  inletand outlet

References

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